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| Vilnius Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Europa Shoping center- most modern Building in Batlic States Europa Shoping center- most modern Building in Batlic States Andrius Douglas Vilnius is the capital city of Lithuania. It is situated 300 km East of the Baltic seashore at the confluence of the Neris and Vilnele rivers surrounded by beautiful forested hills. The Total area of Vilnius is 394 sq. km. The highest point of Vilnius is about 230,7 m situated in the eastern part of town, nearby Rokantiskiu settlement. The geographical centre of continental Europe lays in Lithuania, approx. 24 km north of Vilnius. It was calculated by the National Geographical Institute of France in 1989. Vilnius was first mentioned as the capital of Lithuania in 1323, in the letters of the Grand Duke Gediminas to the Roman Pope. An old legend tells us that Grand Duke Gediminas got tired after hunting fell asleep and had a dream. The Iron Wolf was standing on the hilland howling loudly. In the morning Gediminas asked the senior pagan priest what the dream meant. The priest said: "You will build a city at the place where the wolf was howling and the fame of the city will spread as the howling of the wolf. So this was the beginning of Vilnius. But archaeologists say that people were living here as early as the 5th century. Gediminas, the first famous Vilnius ruler, invited craftsmen and educated people from all over Europe to come and enjoy the city and to stay here. Vilnius became one of the largest trade, industrial and cultural centres of Europe in the 16th century. Throughout the ages it used to be one of the major Polish townships. In 1579, Vilnius witnessed the foundation of its university which became the first higher school of thought in the Grand Principality of Lithuania and the whole region. Vilnius developed into a centre of European culture and opened itself to the nations of the East and West. Initially, it was the home of Polish, Jewish and Karaime communities. The houses, squares and churches of Vilnius sustain the spirit of a once-powerful state and its rulers. Though invaded, destroyed and burnt down many times, the town would always recover. Before World War II, over 90% of the population was Polish and Jewish. Today it is about 25% only, but the remains of the old Vilnius culture are still visible thoughout the town. The historical centre of Vilnius, its 360-hectare old city, is among the largest in Eastern Europe. In 1994, the old city, one of the largest ones in Europe, was included on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Cities. The city is definitely worth a longer visit. _____________Sights Edit This Vilnius, the Municipality square Vilnius, the Municipality square Egle Obcarskaite Display all or display just: Castles Churches and Cathedrals Landmarks Public Buildings general Show best rated on top | Show in alphabetical order [Add Sight] The Town Hall Edit This The Town Hall is the main Vilnius city building, where city's official celebrations takes place. In the past outside the Town Hall city's executions and floggings took place. Fires damaged the original, Gothic building and a new Town Hall was constructed by Laurynas Stuoka -Gucevicius between 1785 and 1799. type: Public Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] address: Didzioji str. 31 Vilnius University Edit This Vilnius has the oldest University in Eastern Europe. Opened in 1579, for more than 400 years it was a source of enlightenment, science and culture. Full of original comfortable courtyards, arched corridors and decorations, the University complex takes up big space in the Old Town. The University library contains the richest collection of books and manuscripts (from the 13th to the 16th century) in Eastern Europe. type: Public Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] zipcode: LT-01513 email: infor@cr.vu.lt address: Universiteto str. 3 url: www.vu.lt tel: 370-5-2687001 Gates of Dawn Edit This The Gates of Dawn - 16th century Renaissance - originally formed part of the Old Town fortifications. In 17th century a chapel was built in the gates to house a holy image of the Virgin Mary, the Madonna, reputed for miracle-working powers. Encased in gold and silver by a local goldsmith, this image has miraculous power and has since been a holy place for pilgrims from neighboring countries. type: Churches and Cathedrals World66 rating: [rate it] address: Ausros vartu str. 12 The Gates of Dawn Chapel Edit This Services Monday to Saturday 09.00, 10.00 Sunday services 09.30 At the beginning of the 16th century, Vilnius was surrounded by a brick and stonewall with nine gates. The most representative was the Gate of Dawn (or Medininkai), the road, through which (by streets of Ausros Vartai, Didzioji, Pilies) led straight to the Palace of Grand Dukes next to the Cathedral. Usually, the town gates had chapels in them, filled with religious pictures that were meant to protect the city from enemies and to bless people leaving the town. The chapel in the Gate of Dawn contains a famous more.. type: Churches and Cathedrals World66 rating: [rate it] address: Ausros vartu St. 12 St. Anne's Church Edit This A late gothic masterpiece. Presumably the original (wooden) St. Anne’s Church was built in the 14th century by Ona (Anne), the wife of Vytautas the Great. It is thought that the brick church was built during 1495-1500 thanks to the efforts of the Franciscans. The most popular of the many stories about the church is that when Napoleon saw it, he said that he would like to place it in the palm of his hand and move it to Paris. type: Churches and Cathedrals World66 rating: [rate it] address: Maironio st. 8 openings: May-October (except Mondays) 10:00-13:00 & 14:00-18:30 tel: (5) 261 48 05 Church of St. Francis and Bernardine Edit This Services Monday to Saturday 08.00, Sunday services 17.00. In 1469 Bernardine monks settled in Vilnius. The brick church of the present volume was constructed at the beginning of the 16th century. It was included in the town’s defensive system (the rows of the shooting apertures under the roof bear evidence of it); therefore much ornamentation was avoided. The Gothic tower, rising next to a presbytery, is the most ornate. Recently the Gothic mural painting with the scenes of Christ’s martyrdom and St. Christopher was uncovered in the interior of the church. Gothic painting has more.. type: Churches and Cathedrals World66 rating: [rate it] address: Maironio str. 10 Church of St. Nicholas Edit This Services Monday to Saturday 07.45, 18.00 Sunday services 08.00, 10.00, 12.00, 14.00, 18.00 One of the oldest brick and stone churches in Lithuania. It has already been mentioned in times of Gediminas, the 14th century, reconstructed in the 16th century. The interior is notable for particularly ornate Gothic stellar and net vaults with expressive ribs. Baroque reconstructions of the 18th century resulted in building a choir loft, installation of new altars, enlargement of windows and addition of a belfry. The picture of St. Nicholas and, the sculpture of St. Ludwig attributed to more.. type: Churches and Cathedrals World66 rating: [rate it] openings: daily 07.00-09.00, 17.00-19.00 address:st.mikalojausst.4: St. Mikalojaus str. 4 Vilnius Castle Edit This The Gediminas castle is in the heart of the city. It is one of the first Gothic structures in Vilnius (13th-14th centuries). The history of the castle is closely related to the formation of the city. The exposition in the castle museum reveals the eventful history of Lithuania. On the roof of the tower one may observe a breathtaking view of the Old Town. type: Castles World66 rating: [rate it] address: Arsenalo st. 5 tel: 2617453 Lower Castle Edit This The Lower Castle is the wonderful part of the Castles complex. Archeologists are still exploring fragments of the Lower Castle. You can see the remains of the cellars where the ancient Lithuania’s Dukes kept their wines. type: Castles World66 rating: [rate it] address: Katedros square Cathedral Edit This At the foot of the hill are the Lower Castle and the Cathedral. In the Cathedral square, in the 13th century, the first Catholic Church - the Cathedral was built to mark Lithuanian conversion to Catholicism. It was burnt down and rebuilt many times. Today, the Cathedral is an 18th century -classical building, where many valuable paintings are on exhibit as well as ornamental gravestones of historic families. You can visit the mysterious 12th century cellars, remains of the pagan sanctuary and where many famous Lithuanian personalities from medieval times are buried. In the more.. type: Churches and Cathedrals World66 rating: [rate it] address: Katedros square 1 Church of St. Peter and Paul Edit This Services Monday to Saturday 07.00, 08.30, 17.00, 18.00 Sunday services 10.00, 11.00, 13.00, 18.30 The first wooden church was built in the 15th century, the second one - at the beginning of the 17th century. The construction of the present church, which was commissioned by Mykolas Kazimieras Pacas, Hetman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, was started in 1668. During 1677 – 88 the church was copiously decorated with over 2,000 stucco mouldings (splendid Italian masters Giovanni Pietro Perti and Giovanni Maria Galli did the principal decorative works). The abundance of single more.. type: Churches and Cathedrals World66 rating: [rate it] address: Antakalnio St. 1/1 openings: daily 09.00-12.00, 14.00-17.00 Church of St. Anne Edit This St. Annes Church St. Annes Church photo by: Gaile Paštukaite Services Monday to Saturday 18.00 Sunday services 09.00, 11.30, 18.30 The most magnificent Gothic church in Lithuania. It is a small one (the church leads into the presbytery of the adjacent Church of Bernardine), but its thoroughly elaborate exterior ornamentation is brought to light in the principal facade. The first church was constructed at the beginning of the 14th century, but it took shape of its present image only after reconstruction in 1582. It is possibly the only Gothic building that has survived in Lithuania, where bricklayers succeeded in surpassing the more.. type: Churches and Cathedrals World66 rating: [rate it] address: Maironio St. 8 openings: daily 10.00-15.00 The Hill of Three Crosses Edit This Located near Gediminas Castle, the Hill of Three Crosses is the symbol of Lithuanian mourning and hope. According to a legend, long ago seven Franciscan monks were crucified here and four were thrown into the Vilnia river. The first crosses were erected on the hill in the 17th century in memory of these martyrs. type: Landmarks World66 rating: [rate it] St. Anne's Church Edit This St. Anne's Church represents the peak of Gothic architecture in Lithuania. Its facade is patterned with 33 different varieties of bricks, making it amazingly graceful. According to the legend, Napoleon Bonaparte was so impressed by St. Anne's church, that he wanted to bring the church back to France in the palm of his hand. type: Churches and Cathedrals World66 rating: [rate it] address: Maironio str. 8 Churches Edit This type: general World66 rating: [rate it] ____________History Edit This barrow barrow Like every medieval city Vilnius has developed around the Town Hall Square. The Pilies Street going from the Grand Duke's Castle to the Town Hall was the central stream of the city. The other streets, winding like rivulets in the spring, made their way between the churches and palaces of the feudal lords and the craftsmen’s guilds. Narrow, curved streets and small squares developed to the original semicircular layout. When you are strolling along the small and comfortable streets of the Old Town, have a look upward. You will see how nice ornaments decorate the houses, how wavy lines and playful lights of the decorous facades and domes, towers and belfries blend readily with the ancient undulating environs of the city, creating a new skyline and a special mood. At the beginning of the 15th century more masonry houses were built in Vilnius. About 300 Gothic cellars or basements remind us of them today. Gothic facades were preserved in some churches (the most artistic of them is known to be St. Ann's Church). The ruins of the Upper Castle on the Gediminas Hill evidence Gothic. Renaissance began in Vilnius with the building of the Royal Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania on the grounds of the Lower Castle (1520-1530). Today the Vilnius University buildings, the Aushros Gate, St.Mykolas Church, represent the Renaissance of Vilnius. In the 17th -18th centuries a peculiar school of the Baroque style developed in Vilnius. Quite a great number of baroque churches, palaces of magnates were erected. Classicism reached Vilnius at the end of the 18th century. The most famous buildings of that period are the reconstructed Vilnius Archicathedral, the Town Hall, the Evangelised (or Reformed) church, palaces of magnates. In 1795 the czarist Russia occupied Vilnius and the entire Lithuania. Very soon the greater part of the buildings of the Lower Castle as well as of the city defense wall were demolished. In 1832 the Vilnius University was closed down (it was established in 1579). Under the czarism many Catholic churches and monasteries were closed down, while the Byzantine style churches were built. In the middle of the 19th century the Gediminas Avenue was laid. Some new parts of the city were built. Historicity prevailed in the architecture of the second half of the 19th century. After the declaration of the independence of the Lithuanian State on February 16, 1918, Vilnius became its capital again. In 1920 the land of Vilnius having been captured by Poland, Vilnius became the Province City of Poland and was less looked after. At that time few buildings in the architectural style of functionalism were built. In the autumn of 1939, only when Lithuania recovered Vilnius the Cathedral Square was put in order. The city of Vilnius suffered greatly during the Second World War. In the post-war period empty places, which were uncharacteristic of the old Vilnius, appeared in the center of the city. Many churches were closed down. Only in the 6th and 7th decades new buildings were being built. Some monuments of architecture were restored. In 1979 the complex of the Vilnius University buildings was renovated. Under the process of intensive urbanization Vilnius started growing. New residential districts such as Zirmunai, Lazdynai, Karoliniskes, Virsuliskes, Justiniskes, Baltupis, Fabijoniskes, Santariskes and others have sprung. __________Getting Around Edit This Getting Around: Vilnius has bus and trolleybus system Contributors August 17, 2005 new by j wojtynski [Add Local transport mode] Taxi Edit This There are several reputable taxi companies, charging strictly metered fares. When arriving at the airport you'll see a queue of Martonas yellow cabs. These are OK, the cost of a trip to city centre should not run you more than 20 Litas during the day and 30 Litas at night. DO NOT PAY MORE. Look on the dash near the driver for an English toll-free quality number if you have any problems. It's much cheaper to call a cab. Two good companies: MERSERA +37052788888 and MARTONAS +37052440044. Others are good too, but I find these speak more.. World66 rating: [rate it] ___________Getting There Edit This [Add Global transport mode] Vilnius Airport Edit This Vilnius international airport is currently being modernised, as such it's a bit of a mess with the construction work. However, it's small enough to be comfortable, big enough to get what you need. Most major European carriers have daily flights. Good deals on the national carrier FlyLAL - but older planes and so-so service. For departures be aware that in response to all the anti-smoking hype the airport terminals are now 100% non-smoking. So - check in, but don't go directly to passport control. Hop outside and puff away till about 10 more.. type: By Air World66 rating: [rate it] ______________Museums Edit This Vilnius is a city of culture. Numerous cultural institutions offer a chance to see our arts and to listen to the music of local and guest performers. There are many museums in the Old Town which offer interesting and original displays. Some of the museums have been established in the palaces of former nobility. There are museums which display exhibits not only from Lithuania but also from foreign countries. [Add Museum] M.K.Ciurlionis House Edit This Ciurlionis House in Vilnius was opened on September 24, 1995, commemorating the 120th anniversary of M.K.Ciurlionis. There in 1907 - 1908 lived and created the great Lithuanian artist and composer. Apart from the memorial room, there are also cozy premises for the concerts of chamber music, for the hearing of the recordings and the expositions of pictures. The aim of Ciurlionis House is to compile, save and spread the information about the life and creative work of M.K.Ciurlionis, to collect exhibits, arrange exhibitions, organize different events, thematic evenings, scientific more.. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Saviciaus St. 11 tel: 62 24 51 Lithuanian State Jewish Museum Edit This type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Pamenkalnio St. 12/Pylimo St. 4, tel: 62 07 30, 61 79 17 openings: Mon-Thurs 9-17; Fri 9-16 Antanas Venclova Memorial Cabinet Edit This The exposition has been prepared upon the project of D. Skrebiene and shows the cultural life of Vilnius Lithuanian intelligentsia. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Pamenkalnio St. 34 tel/fax: 62 85 25 openings: Mon.-Fri. 12am-5pm Photographers Society Salon Edit This type: Galleries World66 rating: [rate it] address: Didzioji St. 19 tel: 61 16 65 openings: Tues-Sun 12-19 Lithuanian Museum of the Genocide Victims Edit This i photo by: Andrius Dogelis Lithuanian Museum of the Genocide Victims is one big memento almost for young generations. Museum is devided into two floor. First floor is moustly exposition of guns, torture tools and victims of soviet era, which takes longer than nacism during 2.WW. Underground is just poor cells, with great explanation but there tourists must engage their mind. Whole museum is real great, enjoy it!!! type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Auku St.2a/Gedimino Ave 40 tel: 62 24 49 openings: Tues-Sun 10-16 Vilniaus University Science Museum Edit This type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Sv.Jono St. 12 tel: 61 18 94/61 17 95 openings: Mon-Thurs 10-17, Vilniaus Castle Museum Edit This type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Arsenalo St. 3 tel: 61 74 53 openings: Tues-Sun 11-18, Alexander Pushkin Literature Museum Edit This Alexander Pushkin Literature Museum opened its door for the visitors in 1948. In 1899-1905 here lived Grigorij Pushkin, the younger son of the poet Alexander Pushkin.The Museum shows the living of the Russian landlords and his literary works. The greatest part of it - "Pushkin and Lithuania" shows the spreading of A.Pushkin's creations in Lithuania, and the friendship between A. Pushkin and A. Mickiewicz. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] openings: Wed.-Sat. 11am-6pm. tel./fax: 60 00 80 address: Subaciaus St. 124 Vincas Mykolaitis -Putinas Museum Edit This The museum was opened in 1986 in the flat of V. Mykolaitis - Putinas (1893 - 1967), a writer, literature researcher, academician, public man. There V. Mykolaitis - Putinas spent 20 years of his late creative work (1947 - 1967). The authentic surrounding is restored in three rooms. In the stock of the Museum there are about 5000 exposits. It is a creative-memorial heritage and very different material, related to the writer’s life type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Tauro St. 10-3 tel: 62 44 80 openings: Tue.-Sat.11am-6pm Beatrice Grinceviciute Memorial Flat-Museum "Beatrices namai" Edit This The Museum "Beatrices namai" has been established to keep the memory of the prominent singer B. Grinceviciute (1911-1988), her surrounding, as well as to promote her songs. The museum was opened on the first floor of the semi-flat building, constructed in the period after the war. In this flat the singer lived from 1970 till 1988. The exhibits of the museum contain pictures, records, books and other authentic belongings of the singer. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Vienuolio St. 12-1 tel: 61 74 22 openings: Mon.-Fri. 10am-7pm Painter's Union Exibition Hall Edit This type: Galleries World66 rating: [rate it] address: Vokieciu St. 4 tel: 61 19 96 openings: Mon-Thurs 9-17,Fri 9-13 Contemporary Art Centre Edit This type: Galleries World66 rating: [rate it] address: Vokieciu St. 2 tel: 62 98 91 openings: Mon-Sat 11-19, Lower Castle Museum Edit This type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Katedors sq. 3 tel: 62 99 88 openings: Mon-Fri 10-16, Architecture Museum Edit This type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Sv.Mykolo St. 9 tel: 61 64 openings: Mon, Wed-Sat 11-18 Marija and Jurgis Slapeliai House - Museum Edit This The exposition arranged in M. & J. Slapeliai House - Museum reflects the life of Vilnius region from the second half of the XIX century till 1940. The prohibition of the Lithuanian publications, which lasted for many years (1864-1904) forced to choose such method of fight as book spreading. The participants of the National revival, understanding the tragic situation of the Lithuanian Nation, thought, that the fight for the survival of the native language was the main goal. The exposition shows the animation of the publishing of the books, establishment of the Lithuanian more.. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Pilies St. 40 tel. 61 07 71 openings: Wed.-Sun. 11am-4pm Vincas Kreve - Mickevicius Memorial Museum Edit This Vincas Kreve - Mickevicius Memorial Museum re-creates the authentic surrounding, in which Professor Vincas Kreve - Mickevicius, the classic of literature lived with his family since 1940. There are many preserved private things, documents and photos of the writer in the exposition of the museum. These are a part of the manuscript of "The Sons of the Sky and the Earth", a lamp, the type-writer "Corona", taken away from Lithuania in 1944, many publications and smaller memorable things. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Tauro St. 10-1, tel: 62 01 48 openings: Wed.-Sat. 10am-5pm Amatininkai Edit This type: Galleries World66 rating: [rate it] address: Kalinausko St. 10/2 openings: tues-fri 9-18,Sat 11-18 Lithuanian Folk Artists Gallery Edit This type: Galleries World66 rating: [rate it] address: Stikliu St.16 tel: 22 05 64 openings: Mon-Fri 10-19, Sat 11-16 Skliautai Edit This type: Galleries World66 rating: [rate it] openings: tues-fri 11-18,sat 12-15 address: Asmenos St. 10 Russian Culture Centre Gallery Edit This type: Galleries World66 rating: [rate it] address: Boksto St. 4/2 tel: 22 32 36 openings: Mon-Sat 11-18 Dailes Kalba Gallery Edit This type: Galleries World66 rating: [rate it] address: Dominikonu St. 15 tel: 22 31 31 openings: Mon-Fri 16-20,Sat 11-17 Vartai Edit This type: Galleries World66 rating: [rate it] tel: 22 29 49 openings: Tues-Sat 12-19 Polish Gallery "Znad Wilii" Edit This type: Galleries World66 rating: [rate it] address: Isganytojo St. 2/4 tel: 22 30 20 openings: Mon-sun 10-20 Mr Juskus Gallery Edit This type: Galleries World66 rating: [rate it] address: B.Radvilaites St. 6 tel: 22 66 11 openings: Mon 10-16, Tues-Fri 10-18, Sat 10-17 Amber Museum - Gallery Edit This type: Galleries World66 rating: [rate it] address: Sv. Mykolo St. 3 openings: Tues-Sun 10-19 Fine Arts Gallery Edit This type: Galleries World66 rating: [rate it] address: Vokieciu St. 2 tel: 61 95 16 openings: tues-fri 10-14,15-19 "Lietuvos Aidas" Gallery Edit This type: Galleries World66 rating: [rate it] openings: tues-fri 11-18,Sat 11-17 address: Maironio St. 1 Kaire - desine Edit This type: Galleries World66 rating: [rate it] address: Latako St. 3 tel: 61 19 95 openings: tues-fri 11-18,Sat 12-16 Arka Edit This type: Galleries World66 rating: [rate it] address: Ausros vartu St. 7 tel: 22 13 19 openings: Tues-Sun 11-19 ___________Culture Edit This Vilnius is a culture city. Many artists live and work here; many varied culture institutions offer a chance to see traditional art or listen to the music of the local and guest performers. There are a lot of museums in the Old Town with interesting original and quality displays. Vilnius history and culture dates from the Stone Age to the present, which you will meet in the Lithuanian National Museum. The remains of a portion of the 16th century fortification is also a museum - Artillery Bastion, which tells about the colorful history of the town and about the city's defense system. The branches of the Lithuanian Art Museum have been established in former nobles' palaces, so they are always attractive and interesting. Some of the museums in Vilnius display exhibit not only from Lithuania but foreign countries as well. After the opening of the large Baroque applied art and paintings exhibitions, Vilnius Picture Gallery of the Lithuanian Art Museum feature Baroque music concerts that totally restore old time's atmosphere. What could be more pleasant than a visit to the Vilnius Opera and Ballet Theatre? With a well-known international repertoire the theatre performs interesting productions featuring famous international and local artists. Excellent for its acoustics, the National Philharmonic invites you to enjoy a wide variety of the classics. This is the home of the Lithuanian Chamber Orchestra, which frequently stars world famous soloists, like Menuhin, Rostropovich and international orchestras. The Lithuanian State Symphony orchestra and the Lithuanian National Symphonic Orchestra are not only famous in Lithuania but also abroad.Don't miss the traditional organ concerts in many churches, which fill the air with a rich sound for the heart. Many drama theatres are venues for excitement in the town. Our Youth Theatre performs a repertoire of modern productions by the world famous director Eimuntas Nekrosius. Other countries experimental groups perform regularly in Vilnius, too. If you are interested in modern art, you'll find more than 20 galleries in the Old Town. Galleries offer a rich selection of traditional and Avant-garde painting, sculpture and mixed media. You'll find many fine pieces of unique jewelry and local art forms as well. Young artists love to make installations in courtyards of the Old Town. If you would like to feel a shiver of the recent past you must visit the KGB museum. In the basement cells thousands of Lithuanians were interrogated and tortured before being killed or deported to Siberia. The on-location visual walkabout story will be truthful and chilling, because the guides are former inmates. [Add New] University Chamber Theatre "Minimum" Edit This Free entrance for performances. type: Theatre World66 rating: [rate it] address: Universiteto St. 5 tel: 61 06 17. url: minimum.puslapiai.lt Vilnius opera and Ballet Theatre Edit This Ticket Office Open: Tues-Sun:10:00-19:00 The Vilnius Opera And Ballet Theatre includes a well-known international repertoire and gives interesting productions featuring famous international and local artists. type: Theatre World66 rating: [rate it] address: A. Vienulio St.1 url: www.opera.lt tel: 62 06 36 Sale 88 (In the cellar of Lietuva) Edit This Ticket Office Open: 11:00-21:00. type: Cinema World66 rating: [rate it] address: Pylimo St. 17 tel: 31 45 87, Skalvija Edit This Ticket Office Open: 11:00-21:00. type: Cinema World66 rating: [rate it] address: Gostauto St. 2/15 tel: 61 14 03 Kino sale Edit This Ticket Office Open: 17:00-18:00. type: Cinema World66 rating: [rate it] address: Ozo St. 4 tel: 77 09 87, Vaidilos Ainiai Theatre & Vaidila Theatre Edit This Ticket Office Open:Mon-Sun 10:00-19:00. type: Theatre World66 rating: [rate it] address: Jaksto St. 9 tel/fax: 62 96 63 Youth Theatre Edit This Ticket Office Open: Tues-Sun 11:00-14:00, 14:30-18:00. type: Theatre World66 rating: [rate it] address: Arkliu St. 5 tel: 261 61 26 url: www.jaunimoteatras.lt email: info@jaunimoteatras.lt Odd Men Theatre Edit This Ticket Office Open: Mon-Fri 8:30-17:30. type: Theatre World66 rating: [rate it] tel./fax: 42 45 85. address: Laisves al. 60 Puppet Theatre Edit This Ticket Office Open: Tues-Sun 10:00-16:00. type: Theatre World66 rating: [rate it] address: Arkliu St. 5 tel: +370 5 2628678 url: www.teatraslele.lt email: lele@teatraslele.lt Vilnius Small Theatre (Mazasis Teatras) Edit This Ticket Office Open: II-VII 12:00-19:30. type: Theatre World66 rating: [rate it] address: Gedimino pr. 22 tel/fax: 261 3195 tel: 261 3195 url: www.vmt.lt email: info@vmt.lt Vilnius Old Town Theatre Edit This type: Theatre World66 rating: [rate it] address: V.Mykolaicio-Putino St.5 tel/fax: 23 40 64 North AtheneTheatre ( S iaures Atenai ) Edit This Ticket Office Open: Tues-Sun 13:00-14:00, 17:00-19:00. type: Theatre World66 rating: [rate it] address: Arkliu St. 5 tel: 61 61 26 Lituanian Academic State Drama Theatre Edit This Ticket Office Open: Mon-Fri 11:00-19:00, Sat-Sun 11:00-13:00 & 13:45-18:00 type: Theatre World66 rating: [rate it] address: Gedimino pr. 4 tel: +370 5 262 15 93 url: www.teatras.lt email: info@teatras.lt Russian Drama Theatre Edit This Ticket Office Open: Tues-Sun 14:00-20:00. type: Theatre World66 rating: [rate it] address: Basanaviciaus St. 13 tel: 62 05 52 Lithuanian National Philarmonic Edit This Ticket Office Open: Tues-Sat 10:00-19:00, Sun 10:00-12:00. Known for its excellent acoustics, the National Philharmonic invites you to listen to a wide variety of classics. This is the home of Saulius Sondeckis' Lithuanian Chamber Orchestra, which frequently features world famous soloists, like Menuhin, Rostropovich and international orchestras. Gintaras Rinkevicius' Lithuanian State Symphony orchestra and Juozas Domarkas Lithuanian National Symphonic Orchestra play here too. Orchestras and soloists perform at home and abroad. type: Concerts World66 rating: [rate it] address: Aušros Vartu st. 5 tel: (8~5) 266 52 16 url: www.filharmonija.lt email: info@filharmonija.lt Lietuva Edit This Ticket Office Open: 11:00-21:30. type: Cinema World66 rating: [rate it] address: Pylimo St. 17 url: ktlietuva@takas.lt tel: 62 34 22, Vilnius Edit This Ticket Office Open: 11:00-20:00. type: Cinema World66 rating: [rate it] address: Gedimino St. 5a tel: 61 26 76 Vingis/Sale 3 Edit This Ticket Office Open: 10:30-22:00. type: Cinema World66 rating: [rate it] address: Savanoriu St. 7 tel: 65 16 25 Helios Edit This Ticket Office Open: 11:00-20:30. type: Cinema World66 rating: [rate it] address: Didzioji St.28 tel: 61 43 48 _____________Festivals Edit This Vilnius COngress Concert Hall 2006-06-02 7.00 p.m. Symphonic concert East – West: “The Ode to Joy” Ludwig van Beethoven Symphony No. 9 d-moll Sigute Stonyte, soprano Ieva Prudnikovaite, mezzo-soprano Algirdas Janutas, tenor Takasaki Daiku Gasshodan choir ( Japan ) Gintaras Rinkevicius, conductor “The Ode to Joy”, the fourth and final movement of the ninth symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven, is not only a masterpiece of music. At present, being a common anthem, it unites the nations of the European Union. A meeting of cultures representing the East and the West will take place at the Congress Concert Hall. You will listen to the joyful piece of music, where the outstanding composer used the human voice as an equivalent symphonic instrument, performed by an uncommon assembly of the Lithuanian and Japanese musicians. Season ticket A Ticket prices: 15Lt, 20Lt, 25Lt, 30Lt, 70Lt www.lvso.lt |
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Vilnius (talvolta italianizzato in Vilna; Wilno, Вільня in bielorusso, Вильнюс in russo) è la capitale della Lituania e la città più popolata del paese. È il capoluogo della Contea di Vilnius.
[modifica] Toponomastica e araldica civicaLo stemma cittadino di Vilnius raffigura San Cristoforo (Kristupas) nell'atto di attraversare il fiume tenendo sulle spalle il Bambin Gesù. Fu concesso alla città nel 1330, settimo anno dalla sua fondazione. In precedenza, lo stemma di Vilnius raffigurava Titan Alkis, eroe delle antiche leggende lituane, mentre trasportava dall'altra parte di un fiume la moglie Janteryte, tenendola sulle proprie spalle. Proprio in questo modo, secondo la tradizione, San Cristoforo (il "portatore del Cristo") aiutò Gesù Bambino ad attraversare un fiume. Lo stemma anteriore, che traeva le sue origini da un periodo storico in cui il paganesimo era ancora profondamente radicato tra le popolazioni baltiche, è stato quindi probabilmente rielaborato al momento della conversione alla nuova fede, sostituendo il simbolo cristiano a quello pagano. Si ritiene che Vilnius, analogamente a molte altre città, debba l'origine del suo nome al fiume su cui sorge: la Vilnia.
[modifica] Geografia e popolazione
La porta orientale
Vilnius si trova nel sud est della Lituania, alla confluenza dei fiumi Vilnia (conosciuto anche come Vilnele) e Neris. La posizione periferica rispetto al resto del paese è conseguenza della storia e del cambiamento dei confini lituani nel corso dei secoli. Un tempo era al centro non solo culturale, ma pure geografico del Granducato di Lituania. In origine, occupava anche una posizione centrale nell'area occupata dagli insediamenti lituani, anche se la popolazione della città è stata multietnica per la maggior parte della sua storia. Vilnius è a 312 km dal Baltico e da Klaipeda, il principale porto lituano. Le altre grandi città lituane, si possono raggiungere con facilità dalla capitale: Kaunas è a 102 km di distanza, Šiauliai a 214 km e Panevežys a 135 km. L'area attuale di Vilnius è di 402 chilometri quadrati. Secondo statistiche ufficiali del 2001 gli abitanti erano circa 574.000 (553.232 nel 2003), di cui il 52,8% di etnia lituana, il 19,8% polacchi, il 19,2% russi, il 4,8% bielorussi, il 3,3% di altre nazionalità. La Contea di Vilnius, estesa per 9.650 km², comprende la Municipalità cittadina di Vilnius, il Distretto di Vilnius, il Distretto di Šalcininkai, il Distretto di Širvintos, il Distretto di Švencionys, il Distretto di Trakai, il Distretto di Ukmerge ed il Distretto di Elektrenai.
[modifica] ClimaIl clima di Vilnius è intermedio tra il clima continentale e quello oceanico. La temperatura media annuale è di 6,1° C (a gennaio la media è di - 4,9° C, a luglio 17° C). La media delle precipitazioni è, all'incirca, di 661 mm all'anno. Le estati possono essere calde, con temperature, durante il giorno, anche di 30° C. Durante l'estate, Vilnius assume un aspetto quasi mediterraneo, con una vita notturna movimentata, mentre i bar ed i caffè all'aperto molto frequentati durante il giorno. Gli inverni, d'altronde, possono essere molto freddi, con il termometro che raramente riesce a superare lo zero. In gennaio ed in febbraio, possono registrarsi anche temperature inferiori ai - 25° C. Negli inverni più freddi, i fiumi di Vilnius ghiacciano, come i laghi che circondano la città. Un tipico passatempo invernale è quello della pesca, con i pescatori che immergono gli ami attraverso buchi praticati nel ghiaccio, solitamente ingurgitando considerevoli quantità di alcool per "tenersi caldi"
[modifica] StoriaVedi anche: Storia di Vilnius
La Cattedrale di Vilnius nel
1912
Il monumento delle Tre Croci a Vilnius
Nata come insediamento di tribù baltiche, fu ben presto abitata dagli Slavi e, almeno dall'XI secolo, dagli Ebrei. Diversi storici identificano la città con Voruta, la capitale di Re Mindaugas. La città fu menzionata per la prima volta in fonti scritte nel 1323. L'allora centro cittadino era un forte di legno, costruito sulla sommità di una collina dal duca di Lituania Gediminas. Il re di Polonia e gran duca di Lituania Wladyslaw II di Polonia (in lituano Jogaila; in polacco, Wladyslaw Jagiello), concesse a Vilnius i diritti di città nel 1387. La popolazione cittadina era inizialmente composta da lituani, ma presto crebbe, includendo mercanti ed artigiani di diverse nazionalità. Tra il 1503 ed il 1522 la città fu circondata da mura, con nove porte e tre torri.
Vilnius. La Chiesa di Sant'Anna e la chiesa del
monastero di San Bernardino
Stefan Batory
Vilnius raggiunse il massimo dello sviluppo sotto il regno di Sigismondo II di Polonia (in lituano: Žygimantas Augustas, in polacco : Zygmunt II August), che vi stabilì la sua corte nel 1544. Nei secoli successivi, Vilnius crebbe e si sviluppò sempre di più. Questa crescita è stata favorita dall'Università di Vilnius, fondata da Stefan Batory (in Lituano: Steponas Batoras, in polacco: Stefan Batory) nel 1579. L'università presto divenne uno dei maggiori centri scientifici e culturali della regione baltica, il più importante nel Granducato di Lituania. Anche la vita politica, economica e sociale della città conobbero un vero fermento. Nel 1769 fu fondato il Cimitero di Rasos: oggi (conosciuto col nome lituano di Rasu kapines) rimane uno dei più antichi cimiteri del mondo. Sviluppandosi velocemente, la città accoglieva immigrati dall'ovest e dall'est. In città si stabilirono, tra le altre, comunità di Polacchi, Lituani, Bielorussi, Ebrei, Russi, Tedeschi, Ruteni. Ogni etnia diede il suo contributo alla vita cittadina: a quel tempo prosperavano l'artigianato, il commercio e la scienza. Nel 1655 Vilnius venne conquistata dai Russi, che la saccheggiarono e la diedero alle fiamme, massacrando la popolazione. La crescita cittadina s'arrestò per molti anni, anche se il numero di abitanti tornò ad aumentare abbastanza presto e, agli inizi del XIX secolo, era la terza città dell'Europa Orientale. Dopo la Terza spartizione della Polonia, nel 1795, Vilnius fu annessa alla Russia e divenne la capitale di una Guberniya. I russi distrussero le mura cittadine e, trascorso il periodo tra il 1799 ed il 1805, rimase in piedi solo la Porta Orientale (Aušros Vartai, oppure Medininku Vartai in lituano, Ostra Brama in polacco). Nel 1812, la città fu presa da Napoleone durante la sua avanzata verso Mosca. Dopo il fallimento della sua campagna, la Grande Armée si ritirò nell'area, dove migliaia di soldati francesi vennero seppelliti nelle trincee che avevano costruito mesi prima. Dopo la Rivoluzione di Novembre, nel 1831, l'Università venne chiusa e le repressioni bloccarono la successiva crescita della città. Durante la Rivoluzione di Gennaio nel 1863, in città si combatté aspramente, ma la rivolta venne soffocata brutalmente da Mikhail Muravyov (soprannominato dai cittadini "Impiccatore" per il gran numero di esecuzioni che ordinò). Dopo il fallimento della rivolta, le libertà dei cittadini furono seriamente limitate e l'uso di Lituano, Polacco e Bielorusso fu bandito, a vantaggio del russo.
[modifica] Il XX secolo
La Chiesa Ortodossa della Santa Madre di Dio, con
la torre di Gediminas' sullo sfondo
Durante la Prima Guerra Mondiale Vilnius fu occupata dai tedeschi dal 1915 al 1918. Il 16 febbraio 1918, venne proclamata l'Indipendenza Lituana. Dopo il ritiro delle truppe tedesche, per un breve periodo la città fu controllata da unità d'autodifesa, reclutata tra la locale popolazione polacca. Presto, però, i Bolscevichi la occuparono, eleggendola capitale dell'effimera Repubblica Socialista Sovietica Lituano Bielorussa. Il 19 aprile 1919, la città fu conquistata dall'Esercito polacco, ma, il 14 luglio successivo, venne ripresa dai sovietici. Poco dopo, il ritiro dell'Armata Rossa, sconfitta nella Battaglia di Varsavia, consegnò la città alla restaurata Lituania. Il 12 luglio 1920, il trattato di pace tra Lituania e Russia bolscevica riconobbe Vilnius come capitale della Repubblica di Lituania. Il 9 ottobre 1920, la divisione lituano bielorussa dell'esercito polacco, al comando del generale Lucjan Zeligowski, conquistò la città, dopo aver messo in scena un ammutinamento. Si proclamò un nuovo stato, la Lituania Centrale (Litwa Srodkowa), costituito dalla città e dai territori circostanti. Il parlamento del nuovo stato, eletto con libere elezioni, il 20 febbraio 1922 proclamò l'annessione alla Polonia. Vilnius divenne così il capoluogo del Voivodato di Wilno. Le autorità lituane, dalla nuova capitale, Kaunas, rifiutarono di riconoscere l'annessione di Vilnius alla Polonia e le relazioni diplomatiche tra i due paesi vennero interrotte fino al 1938. Nel frattempo, la città conobbe un nuovo periodo di veloce sviluppo. L'Università fu riaperta con il nome di Università Stefan Batory e le infrastrutture urbane furono significativamente migliorate. Nel 1931, Vilnius aveva 195.000 abitanti, che ne facevano la quinta città polacca. D'altro canto, diversi lituani contestano quest'immagine di crescita economica e fanno notare che il livello di vita nella Vilnius di allora era considerevolmente inferiore a quello goduto dalle regioni rimaste a far parte dello stato lituano. A seguito del protocollo segreto allegato al Patto Molotov-Ribbentrop, che divideva l'Europa Orientale tra una sfera d'influenza sovietica ed una tedesca, l'Armata Rossa invase la Polonia Orientale. Vilnius fu conquistata il 19 settembre 1939. Inizialmente i sovietici intendevano farne la capitale della Repubblica Socialista Sovietica Bielorussa, ma in seguito, poiché la Lituania continuava a reclamare la città, trovarono più opportuno offrirla al governo lituano, in cambio del permesso a stanziare truppe sovietiche all'interno del paese baltico. Questa offerta, presentata come la proposta di un patto d'amicizia tra i due paesi, aveva anche il fine di aiutare i comunisti lituani a guadagnare una maggiore popolarità. La Lituania, sorprendendo i sovietici, rifiutò l'accordo, dal momento che le guarnigioni sovietiche sarebbero state una minaccia per l'indipendenza lituana. I sovietici allora presentarono l'accordo come un ultimatum, affermando che l'Armata Rossa sarebbe entrata comunque in Lituania, che quest'ultima fosse stata d'accordo o meno. I lituani allora cedettero, riuscendo ad ottenere che entrasse nel loro paese un numero di militari sovietici inferiore a quello inizialmente programmato da Mosca. Il 10 ottobre 1939, Vilnius e le aree circostanti (circa un quinto delle terre reclamate dai lituani) furono annesse alla Lituania, mentre le truppe sovietiche prendevano possesso delle loro nuove basi, in varie parti del paese. Le autorità lituane entrarono a Vilnius poco dopo e le strutture governative cominciarono ad esservi spostate da Kaunas. I lituani non gradivano di avere una capitale così vicina al confine sovietico. Cercarono così, pare, di rallentare il più possibile il trasferimento a Vilnius dei corpi centrali dello stato. Nel giugno del 1940, quando il trasferimento della capitale non era stato ancora completato, la Lituania fu occupata dall'Unione Sovietica, che instaurò un governo comunista. L'operazione fu condotta sia dalle truppe stanziate nel paese a seguito dell'accordo sopra menzionato, che da ulteriori reparti, fatti affluire al confine lituano. Vilnius divenne la capitale dell'appena proclamata Repubblica Socialista Sovietica Lituana. Tra i 35.000 ed i 40.000 abitanti della città furono arrestati dall'NKVD ed inviati nei gulag. Nel giugno 1941, la città fu conquistata dai tedeschi. Nella città vecchia, vennero creati due ghetti per la numerosa popolazione ebraica. Gli abitanti del più piccolo furono assassinanti o deportati già nell'ottobre del 1941. Il secondo ghetto sopravvisse fino al 1943, anche se la sua popolazione venne regolarmente decimata per mezzo delle cosiddette Aktionen. Una rivolta degli abitanti del ghetto, fallita il 1° settembre 1943, fu seguita dalla definitiva distruzione dello stesso. Nel complesso, circa il 95% della locale popolazione ebraica fu assassinata. Molti di loro figurarono tra le 100.000 vittime delle esecuzioni di massa a Paneriai, circa 10 km ad ovest del centro della Città Vecchia. La gran parte delle altre 30.000 vittime dei massacri erano polacchi: prigionieri di guerra, intellettuali e membri della resistenza polacca.
La Via Aušros Vartai
Nel luglio 1944, l'Armia Krajowa polacca ed in seguito l'Armata Rossa conquistarono Vilnius, che fu subito riannessa all'Unione Sovietica come capitale della restaurata Repubblica Socialista Sovietica Lituana. Immediatamente dopo la Seconda Guerra Mondiale, il governo sovietico deliberò di espellere l'etnia polacca da Lituania e Bielorussia. La decisione venne presa durante il cosiddetto rimpatrio, concordato dai sovietici con il governo comunista polacco, e contribuì a modificare profondamente la situazione demografica di Vilnius. Lo sterminio degli ebrei durante la guerra e, nel dopoguerra, l'espulsione dei polacchi, il trasferimento in città di molti contadini lituani, l'immigrazione dalle altre repubbliche sovietiche diedero luogo ad un vero e proprio cambiamento di popolazione, cultura e tradizioni. Solo dopo il 1960, comunque, la popolazione della città crebbe rapidamente, per le immigrazioni dalle campagne.
Vilnius. Il nuovo Centro Direzionale
L'11 marzo 1990, il Soviet supremo della RSS Lituana proclamò l'indipendenza dall'URSS, restaurando la Repubblica di Lituania. Il governo sovietico, il 9 gennaio 1991, inviò truppe ed il 13 gennaio successivo, durante l'attacco dell'Armata Rossa all'edificio della radiotelevisione lituana, vennero uccise quattordici persone e più di 700 rimasero gravemente ferite. Solo nell'agosto del 1991 l'Unione Sovietica riconobbe l'indipendenza della Lituania. Da allora Vilnius ha sempre più preso i caratteri di una città dell'Europa Occidentale. Molti palazzi antichi sono stati restaurati. Si è anche costruito un nuovo centro direzionale, il cui edificio più alto, l'Europa Tower, tocca i 150 metri.
[modifica] EconomiaVilnius è il principale centro economico della Lituania ed uno dei maggiori centri finanziari degli stati baltici. Anche se comprende solo il 15% della popolazione lituana, produce circa il 35% del PIL [1]. Sulla base di queste cifre, il suo PIL pro capite, basato sulla parità del potere d'acquisto, nel 2005 ammonta a circa 33.100 dollari, superiore alla media dell'Unione Europea
[modifica] Trasporti
Vilnius: filobus Škoda 14Tr n. 1612 sulla linea 11
Vilnius è il punto di partenza delle autostrade Vilnius - Kaunas - Klaipeda e Vilnius-Panevežys. Anche se il fiume Neris sarebbe navigabile, non esistono regolari trasporti via acqua. All'Aeroporto Internazionale di Vilnius fanno capo i principali collegamenti aerei tra la Lituania e le maggiori città d'Europa. Anche la stazione ferroviaria di Vilnius è un importante nodo di comunicazioni. Un complesso di linee, esercitate con autobus e filobus, permette di collegare i vari punti della città. È in programma la costruzione di una metropolitana.
[modifica] ReferenzeO. Niglio, Restauri in Lituania. Vilnius Capitale della Cultura Europea 2009, in "Web Journal on Cultural Patrimony", anno 1, vol. 1, 2006 [2]
[modifica] Altri progetti
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