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Adolescenza
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| South America/Turismo |
| Argentina | Chile | Falkland Island | Peru |
| Venezuela | Bolivia | Colombia | French Guyana |
| Suriname | Brasile | Ecuador | Paraguay |
| Uruguay |
| Uruguay |
| Montevideo |
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| Uruguay Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see old cars old cars kram123 Uruguay is a small, yet prosperous country sandwiched between Argentina and Brazil in the heart of South America. It is basically a European country, since the majority of its citizens are descended from Spanish and Italian immigrants. Spanish is the official language. Uruguay is more upscale with less poverty and strife than its neighbors. Montevideo seems safer than other South American capitals. The old city, Ciudad Vieja, has many colonial buildings that are now museums, art galleries, antique shops and restaurants. For nature lovers, the Eastern Wetlands contain swamps, lagoons, marshes, and streams with hundreds of bird species. UNESCO has declared the area a biosphere reserve. There are plenty of canoeing and fishing opportunities in both Uruguay and Negro River. The most popular Uruguayan destination is Punta del este, with the Atlantic on one side and the River Plate on the other. It is an expensive jet set center for nightlife, casinos, and discos.Estancias, rural estates that are working ranches, are located throughout the country if you want a gaucho experience. Beef lovers will delight in grilled asado eaten in restaurants known as parrilladas or asados. Italian restaurants are everywhere. Try to rent a car to get to see the sights. Public transport in Uruguay is awful, unlike other countries, which have an extensive public transit system. Be prepared to pay much more than you would in Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, Peru, and Ecuador. White sandy beaches along the Atlantic Ocean east of Montevideo compose Uruguay's version of the Italian and French Rivieras. This coastline stretches to the Brazilian border and holds some of the most impressive seaside resorts in South America. Colonia del sacramento is a coastal town just west of Montevideo and across the Rio de la Plata from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Charming Colonia, a legacy of the Portuguese colony, is an amazing historical site from the 17th century. Its Barrio Historico district is the perfect place for a scenic walking tour to see the colonial houses lining the area's cobblestone streets. Uruguay may be small in size, but the country is big in friendliness. The natives enjoy welcoming visitors from cold climates all over the world who travel to their sunny shores. For further information you can check www.joinuruguay.com ___________The only inhabitants of Uruguay before European colonization of the area were the Charrua Indians a small tribe driven south by the Guarani Indians of Paraguay. The Spanish discovered the territory of present-day Uruguay in 1516 but the Indians' fierce resistance to conquest combined with the absence of gold and silver limited settlement in the region during the 16th and 17th centuries. The Spanish introduced cattle which became a source of wealth in the region. Spanish colonization increased as Spain sought to limit Portugal's expansion of Brazil's frontiers. Montevideo was founded by the Spanish in the early 18th century as a military stronghold; its natural harbor soon developed into a commercial center competing with Argentina's capital Buenos Aires. Uruguay's early-19th century history was shaped by ongoing fights between the British Spanish Portuguese and colonial forces for dominance in the Argentina-Brazil-Uruguay region. In 1811 Jose Gervasio Artigas--who became Uruguay's national hero--launched a revolt against Spain which resulted in the formation of a regional federation with Argentina. In 1821 Uruguay was annexed to Brazil by Portugal but Uruguayan patriots declared independence from Brazil in 1825. With the support of Argentine troops and after three years of fighting they defeated Brazilian forces. The 1828 Treaty of Montevideo brought Uruguay independence and the nation's first constitution was adopted in 1830. The remainder of the 19th century under a series of elected and appointed presidents saw interventions by and conflicts with neighboring states political and economic fluctuations and large inflows of immigrants mostly from Europe. Jose Batlle y Ordoñez president from 1903 to 1907 and again from 1911 to 1915 set the pattern for Uruguay's modern political development. He established widespread political social and economic reforms such as a welfare program government participation in many facets of the economy and a plural executive. Some of these reforms were continued by his successors. By 1966 economic political and social difficulties led to constitutional amendments and a new constitution was adopted in 1967. In 1973 amid increasing economic and political turmoil the armed forces closed the Congress and established a civilian-military regime. A new constitution drafted by the military was rejected in a November 1980 plebiscite. Following the plebiscite the armed forces announced a plan for return to civilian rule. National elections were held in 1984; Colorado Party leader Julio Maria Sanguinetti won the presidency and took office in 1985. The Sanguinetti Administration implemented economic reforms and consolidated democratization following the country's years under military rule. Sanguinetti's economic reforms focusing on the attraction of foreign trade and capital achieved some success and stabilized the economy. In order to promote national reconciliation and facilitate the return of democratic civilian rule Sanguinetti secured popular approval of a controversial plebiscite which granted general amnesty for military leaders accused of committing human rights violations under the military regime and sped the release of former guerrillas. The National Party's Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera won the 1989 presidential election. President Lacalle executed major economic structural reforms and pursued further liberalization of trade regimes including Uruguay's inclusion in the Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR) in 1991. However economic adjustment and privatization efforts provoked political opposition. Thus while the country achieved economic growth under the Lacalle Administration social problems and austerity measures combined to foster increasing popular discontent and further political polarization by 1992. The result was the overturn of some reforms by referendum. In the November 1994 presidential and legislative elections Colorado Party candidate and former President Sanguinetti won a new term of office which he began on March 1 1995. President Sanguinetti has used his second term to consolidate Uruguay's economic reforms and integration into MERCOSUR increasing economic growth and reducing inflation. ___________Getting Around Edit This Domestic flights are absurdly cheap but somewhat limited. PLUNA flies to Punta del Este and the military airline TAMU serves the majority of interior cities. Buses are reasonably priced and there are frequent services to all sizeable destinations. Traveling by car poses few problems once outside hazardous Montevideo although the country's winding roads and hilly terrain require some care. Local transport is predominantly by bus and metered taxi. _________Economy Edit This Uruguay 's economy remains dependent on agriculture . Although agricultural production accounts for only 10% of the gross domestic product (GDP), agricultural-related products make up more than half of the country's sector, which produces 16% of GDP, is largely based on the transformation of agricultural products. Leading economic sectors include meat processing, agribusiness, wool , leather production and apparel, textiles, and chemicals In recent years the government has been confronted with serious economic problems. Devaluation in Brazil in 1999 made Uruguayan goods less competitive, and an outbreak of foot and mouth disease in 2001 curtailed beef exports to North America . Starting in late 2001, an economic crisis in Argentina undermined Uruguay 's economy. Exports to Argentina and tourist revenues fell dramatically. In mid- 2002 Argentine withdrawals from Uruguayan banks started a bank run that was overcome only by massive borrowing from international financial institutions. This, in turn, led to serious debt sustainability problems. In March 2003 , the government started negotiating "voluntary" rescheduling of debt with bondholders , and signed a new agreement with the IMF that promised additional fiscal austerity. In June 2002, the government eliminated its decade-long exchange rate band, allowing the peso to float freely. The US dollar rose 60% against the peso in the second half of the year. While this made exports more competitive, a credit crunch following the banking crisis contributed to preventing economic recovery. The devaluation also lowered consumer purchasing power and increased inflation from about 4% in 2001 to 26% in 2002. The government's strategy to stimulate growth is based on increasing exports, both to traditional partners in MERCOSUR and to the EU and North America . Uruguay enjoys a positive investment climate, with a strong legal system and open financial markets. It grants equal treatment to national and foreign investors and, aside from very few sectors, there is neither de jure nor de facto discrimination toward investment by source or origin. Uruguay has traditionally favored substantial state involvement in the economy, and privatization is still widely opposed. Recent governments have carried out cautious programs of economic liberalization similar to those in many other Latin American countries. They included lowering tariffs, controlling deficit spending, reducing inflation, and cutting the size of government. The Lacalle administration implemented a 1991 state company reform law, though privatization was partially stalled when voters rejected the sale of the state telephone company, ANTEL , in a 1992 referendum . A February 2001 law provides for demonopolization of telecommunications and creates the framework for regulatory offices for telecommunications and electricity . The government has demonopolized oil refining , but oil imports will remain a monopoly until 2006. In 2002, the oil company union and the leftist opposition gathered enough signatures to subject energy market liberalization to a public referendum. Other former state sectors have been partially liberalized, including insurance , mortgages , road construction and repair, piped-gas distribution, energy generation, water sanitation and distribution, cellular telephones , and airline transportation. [ edit ] Raw Data GDP: purchasing power parity - $54.58 billion (2005 est.) GDP - real growth rate: 6.1% (2005 est.) GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $16,000 (2005 est.) GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 7.1% industry: 27.7% services: 65.2% (2005) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4,9% (2005 est.) Labor force: 1.52 million (2005 est.) Unemployment rate: 12.5% (2005 est.) Budget: revenues: $4.468 billion expenditures: $4.845 billion; including capital expenditures of $193 million (2005 est.) Industries: food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages Industrial production growth rate: 5.1% (2005 est.) Electricity - production: 9,474 GWh (1998) Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel : 3.91% hydro: 95.62% nuclear: 0% other: 0.47% (1998) Electricity - consumption: 6,526 GWh (1998) Electricity - exports: 2,363 GWh (1998) Electricity - imports: 78 GWh (1998) Agriculture - products: wheat , rice , barley , maize , sorghum ; livestock ; fish Exports: $2.1 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.) Exports - commodities: meat, rice, leather products, vehicles, dairy products, wool, electricity Exports - partners: Mercosur partners 45%, EU 20%, US 7% (1999 est.) Imports: $3.4 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.) Imports - commodities: road vehicles, electrical machinery, metal manufactures, heavy industrial machinery, crude petroleum Imports - partners: MERCOSUR partners 43%, EU 20%, US 11% (1999 est.) Debt - external: $8 billion (1999 est.) Currency: 1 Uruguayan peso ($ Ur ) = 100 centesimos Exchange rates: Uruguayan pesos ($ Ur ) per US$1 - 29,50 (2002), 11.3393 (1999), 10.4719 (1998), 9.4418 (1997), 7.9718 (1996), 6.3490 (1995), 5.0439 (1994) Fiscal year: calendar year ____________People Edit This i Population: 3 284 841 (July 1998 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 24% (male 405 894; female 386 479) 15-64 years: 63% (male 1 019 682; female 1 048 844) 65 years and over: 13% (male 176 467; female 247 475) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 0.71% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 16.92 births/1 000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 8.89 deaths/1 000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: -0.91 migrant(s)/1 000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 14.11 deaths/1 000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.53 years male: 72.39 years female: 78.84 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.29 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Uruguayan(s) adjective: Uruguayan Ethnic groups: white 88% mestizo 8% black 4% Amerindian practically nonexistent Religions: Roman Catholic 66% (less than one-half of the adult population attends church regularly) Protestant 2% Jewish 2% nonprofessing or other 30% Languages: Spanish Portunol or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier) Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97.3% male: 96.9% female: 97.7% (1995 est.) ::::::::::::Colonia del sacramento Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see street scene street scene kram123 Founded by the Portuguese in 1680 on the Río de la Plata, the city was of strategic importance in resisting the Spanish. After being disputed for a century, it was finally lost by its founders. The well-preserved urban landscape illustrates the successful fusion of the Portuguese, Spanish and post-colonial styles. In 1995 the Historic Quarter of the City of Colonia del Sacramento was added to the Unesco World Heritage list. Colonia is charming and lively, there are some nice old colonial buildings and there are some good beaches nearby. Although you shouldn't expect nightlife like in Punta del Este there is enough to be done at night as well. There are many nice restaurants in the old city. From Colonia you can take the ferry to Buenos Aires in Argentina. There are about 10 crossings daily. This takes 50 minutes or 2 hours depending on what 'Buquebus' you take. ::::::::::Parque santa teresa Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see The Parque Nacional Santa Teresa is a very well kept national park with palm lined avenues and plantation of exotic trees. There are also botanical gardens, a zoo, some fresh water pools for bathing and good beaches - note that the surf is very rough here. On the site you also find an old Portuguese fort (also called Santa Teresa) which is well worth a visit. There are different campsites on the premises where you can spend the night. There are also a few bungalows. :::::::::Punta del este Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Beach...the reason people go to PDE Beach...the reason people go to PDE ovenking The tiny peninsula of Punta del Este, with its yacht harbor and expensive hotels, is Uruguay's most spectacular beach resort. There are two kind of beaches, one at the ocean side and one at the bay side. Each summer, this glamorous Atlantic town draws rich and famous tourists from Europe and South America. Apart form its fantastic beaches, the lively, chic resort of Punta del Este has superb food and scenery. The area is clean and not too pricey: a weekend would cost a couple about $200 (U.S.) for lodging and meals. All the Argentinean and Brazilian jet sets spend their summers ( Dec. to March )there. The nightlife is amazing. There are three casinos with the most beautiful women in the world. but be careful, there are drugs, too. ddd The areas around Punta del Este are also spectacular and feature great beaches. La Barra, immediately east of PDE, has good food and ice-cream, and beautiful beaches. A lot of the young people drive out here at night for the nightlife as well. Jose Ignacio, which is about a 30 minute drive from PDE, is a small town with great scenery. This is where many of the rich and famous have their summer places to be away from the common people. Not much here service-wise though. There's a lighthouse you can pay to climb to get a great view of the Atlantic. :::::::::Salto Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Hotel and Apart Hotel Hotel and Apart Hotel Salto is a pretty town of about 80,000 people in the centre of an Orange growing area. The main attraction is the Salto Dam, some 20 km from town. Tours to the dam can be arranged through the tourist office. The Parque Solari is northeast of the centre of town and although it is a bit run down it is still well worth a visit. Salto is close to the border with Brazil and most travelers will probably either be going or coming that way. Close to town are a number of hot springs. Fuente Salto is 6 km north of town, Termas del Dayman are 10 km south. :::::::Villa Serrana Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see paisaje serrano paisaje serrano E.Gil Located in the Lavalleja Departemnt, 145 km far from Montevideo. You can access by Ruta 8, just 20 km ahead Minas, the capital of the Department. Here you can enjoy nature as oyu can found natives animals and forest. Accomodation is perfect if you enjoy camping. it's a nice place to experience. |
| Questo articolo è rilasciato sotto i termini della
GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay Cronologia/Autori: http://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguay&action=history UruguayDa Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.
L'Uruguay è una repubblica (176.220 km², 3.399.237 abitanti, capitale Montevideo) dell'America meridionale. Confina: a nord-est e nord col Brasile, a ovest con l'Argentina, a sud col Rio de La Plata, a est con l'Oceano Atlantico.
[modifica] StoriaEsplorata nel 1516 dallo spagnolo Juan Dìaz de Solìs, primo europeo a navigare il Rìo della Plata; la storia dell'Uruguay nel periodo coloniale si iscrive nelle lotte tra Spagna e Portogallo. Nel 1618 la Banda Oriental de l'Uruguay, la regione est del fiume Uruguay, diviene parte del governatorato, poi vicereame, spagnolo del Rio de La Plata. Nel 1726 i coloni spagnoli fondano Montevideo. Nel 1810 José Gervasio Artigas forma un esercito per la guerra d'indipendenza, ma i portoghesi approfittano della situazione sconfiggendo sia Artigas che gli spagnoli ed annettendo l'Uruguay al Brasile. Furono i "Treinta y Tres Orientales", capeggiati da Lavalleja, a portare l'Uruguay all'indipendenza (1825). L'Argentina si unì all'Uruguay per combattere il Brasile, quindi intervenne anche la Gran Bretagna, in quanto venivano bloccati i suoi commerci con i porti di Montevideo e Uruguay. Nel 1828, Brasile e Argentina, riconoscono l'Uruguay come stato indipendente, che si darà la prima costituzione nel 1830 e viene eletto a presidente Fructuoso Rivera. Ma il paese fu subito scena delle contese di potere tra colorados (liberali di Rivera) e blancos (conservatori di Manuel Oribe). Vincitori della guerra civile furono i colorados dopo 16 anni di combattimenti (1852). La guerra vide anche la partecipazione di Giuseppe Garibaldi, accorso in difesa di Montevideo nel 1843. Fra il 1865 e il 1870 l'Uruguay è in guerra con il Paraguay. Nel 1903 viene eletto a presidente José Battle y Ordòñez, che incoraggia l'economia, Battle lavora anche ad una nuova costituzione che verrà adottata nel 1917. Nel 1945 l'Uruguay dichiara guerra alla Germania nazista e all'Impero giapponese, ma nessuna delle sue forze entrerà mai in combattimento. Tra gli anni 1960 e 1970 si sviluppò il movimento guerrigliero di sinistra dei Tupamaros, stroncato duramente dall'azione congiunta del governo ed esercito con un colpo di stato il 27 Giugno del 1973; continuò ad essere presidente della Repubblica (con l'appoggio dei militari) il dott. Juan Maria Bordaberry. Nel 1985 si ritorna ad un governo presidenziale con una nuova costituzione, viene eletto a presidente Julio Maria Sanguinetti del partito progressista colorado. Ricoprirono quindi la carica di presidente Luis Alberto Lacalle, del partito blanco e Jorge Batlle, del partito colorado che hanno consolidato il ritorno alla democrazia. Nel 1994 viene rieletto Sanguinetti, l'Uruguay aderisce al Mercosur. Nel 1999 viene eletto a presidente Jorge Battle. Nel Marzo del 2005 viene eletto presidente Tabaré Vazquez, a 175 anni dalla nascita della Republica Oriental del Uruguay come stato indipendente, arriva al potere una coalizione di sinistra (Encuentro Progresista – Frente Amplio).
[modifica] Geografia
[modifica] Geografia fisica
[modifica] MorfologiaL'Uruguay ha una morfologia molto
semplice essendo costituito da piane costiere e da aeree intensamente
spianate dall'erosione,
che ha loro conferito un aspetto dolcemente ondulato; l'altitudine media
si aggira infatti intorno ai 100 m, mentre i modesti rilievi, che superano
a malapena i 500 m (501 m al sud del paese), interessano appena il 3%
della superficie complessiva.
[modifica] IdrografiaIdrograficamente la maggior parte del
territorio appartiene al bacino del fiume
Uruguay, il cui corso si è impostato proprio al contatto tra penepiano
e depressione platense. L'Uruguay è qui per grande parte navigabile, ma
ostacolato dalle rapide di
Salto Grande e di
Salto Chico; vi si gettano il
Cuareim, il cui corso segna parte del confine col
Brasile,
dove è detto
Quaraì, l'Arapey
Grande e il
Queguay Grande, la cui lunghezza oscilla tra i 200 e i 300 km, tutti
provenienti dalla
Cuchilla de Haedo, e soprattutto il
Rio Negro (750 km), che drena oltre un terzo del territorio
uruguayano. Il
Rio Negro nasce poco oltre il confine brasiliano e attraversa
diagonalmente la fascia mediana del paese, ricevendo numerosi affluenti; è
stato sbarrato nel tratto medio del suo corso, dando origine a un vasto
(1100 km²)
lago artificiale
omonimo.
[modifica] ClimaIl clima è temperato, con forti
influssi oceanici. La piovosità media è di 1000-1200 mm annui, con aumento
graduale da sud a nord; i periodi più piovosi cadono nei mesi di
marzo e
aprile e
di
settembre, quando è più sensibile l'influsso dell'anticiclone
dell'Atlantico meridionale; le differenze stagionali sono pero molto
contenute.
[modifica] Temperatura e precipitazioni
[modifica] Geografia umana
[modifica] PopolamentoI più antichi abitanti furono gruppi di
cacciatori di estrazione pampide e altri di raccoglitori e coltivatori
propri dell'ambiente amazzonico.
[modifica] Sviluppo demograficoNel
1778 la
popolazione dell'Uruguay, indios esclusi, assommava a circa 20.000
abitanti (di cui oltre un quinto a
Montevideo), saliti a circa 75.000 al momento della conquista
dell'indipendenza e a 132.000 al censimento del
1852.
[modifica] PopolazioneDensità: 18 per km²
[modifica] InsediamentiLa densità media della popolazione (17,6) pone l'Uruguay tra i paesi più densamente popolati dell'America latina; il valore medio non rispecchia minimamente la reale distribuzione della popolazione, che per metà è concentrata nella capitale e in genere diffusa soprattutto nella parte meridionale del paese, lungo il Rio de La Plata. Montevideo (1,2 milioni di abitanti) ospita tutte le principali attività culturali, economiche e finanziarie dell'Uruguay ed è un porto attivissimo. Le altre città hanno ruoli nettamente inferiori: le principali sono Salto e Paysandú, porti fluviali sull' Uruguay, Rivera e Melo, nella fascia a ridosso del confine brasiliano. Numerosi sono i centri balneari sulla costa atlantica, come l'elegante Punta del Este. Nell'interno si hanno solo cittadine con funzioni commerciali, cui fanno capo le estancias, l'elemento insediativo più caratteristico dell'Uruguay, con al centro la residenza dell'estanciero e attorno, ad una certa distanza, gli steccati per la raccolta del bestiame, i magazzini per la lana e le abitazioni dei dipendenti.
[modifica] EtnieIn conseguenza delle vicende del
popolamento la composizione della popolazione nazionale è molto
eterogenea: conservano la loro nazionalità circa 400.000 persone; i
maggiori gruppi etnici sono quelli italiano e spagnolo, seguiti da quelli
brasiliano, argentino, francese, tedesco, ecc.
[modifica] ReligioneCattolici 66%, protestanti 2%, ebrei 2%, atei e agnostici 30%.
[modifica] Geografia politica
[modifica] Geografia economicaProdotto Nazionale Lordo: 6.130$ pro
capite (63° posto della classifica mondiale).
[modifica] RisorseProduzione di energia elettrica:
2.100.000 kw.
[modifica] Monete dell'UruguayIl segno monetario attuale dell'Uruguay è il Peso Uruguayo, con divizione di 50 Centésimos, 1 Peso, 2 Pesos, 5 Pesos e 10 Pesos.
[modifica] TrasportiBen sviluppate sono le vie di comunicazioni, che si avvantaggiano di una morfologia ovunque pianeggiante e collegano agevolmente l'Uruguay e sia con l'Argentina sia con il Brasile. Le comunicazioni si diramano a ventaglio da Montevideo, che è anche il porto più attrezzato ed attivo del paese. La rete stradale ha uno sviluppo di 52.000 km; 2.484 km appartengono alla Carretera Panamericana. La rete ferroviaria è complessivamente limitata (circa 3.000 km), ma ben collegata con quella brasiliana e, dal 1981, anche con quella argentina. Svolgono un considerevole ruolo per il trasporto sia merci che passeggeri il Rio de La Plata e l'Uruguay, quest'ultimo è navigabile per circa 500 km, su questo ci sono i porti di Fray Bentos, Paysandú e Salto. I servizi aerei raccordano le maggiori città (compagnia aerea è la Primera Lineas Uruguayas de Navegaciòn Aérea PLUNA); aeroporto internazionale è quello di Carrasco, presso Montevideo.
[modifica] TurismoUn considerevole apporto di valuta è dato dal turismo, in particolar modo dall'Argentina: 1 visitatore l'anno per ogni 1,4 abitanti.
[modifica] EsportazioniBrasile 34%, Argentina 13%, USA 6%, Cina 5%, Germania 4%, altri 38%.
[modifica] ImportazioniBrasile 22%, Argentina 21%, USA 12%, Italia 5%, Francia 3%, altri 37%.
[modifica] Cultura
[modifica] AlfabetizzazioneTasso di alfabetizzazione: 98%.
[modifica] IstruzioneL'obbligo scolastico varia fra le zone rurali e urbane (6 o 8 anni). L'istruzione elementare si divide in urbana e primaria, suddivisa in due cicli, di quattro e due anni; suburbana, quadriennale; rurale triennale; "scuole itineranti" per i figli di lavoratori costretti a continui spostamenti, "scuole ausiliarie" di alfabetizzazione. I licei, gli istituti magistrali e le scuole tecniche-professionali forniscono l'istruzione secondaria. L'Universidad del Trabajo è un ente autonomo creato nel 1942 per impartire l'istruzione tecnico-professionale soprattutto nei settori industriali. L'istruzione superiore viene impartita nell'Universidad de la Republica (Montevideo, 1849).
[modifica] Lingua e letteraturaGli scrittori uruguaiani più famosi sono Juan Zorrilla de San Martín, José Enrique Rodó (1871-1917) e Florencio Sánchez (1875-1910). Per quanto riguarda la poesia, degni di nota sono Juana de Ibarbourou (1895-1979) e Delmira Agustini (1866-1914). Tra i maggiori esponenti della narrativa nel XX secolo sono: Horacio Quiroga, Idea Vilariño, Juan Carlos Onetti, Mario Benedetti, Eduardo Galeano e Jorge Majfud.
[modifica] SanitàSistema sanitario pubblico.
[modifica] AmbienteLo 1% del territorio è protetto, lo
0,1% è parzialmente protetto.
[modifica] FloraQuanto alla vegetazione, il paesaggio
dominante è quello della
prateria,
regno delle
graminacee, presenti in un gran numero di varietà (oltre 500 sono le
specie
note), il che giustifica il notevole sviluppo dell'allevamento
bovino.
[modifica] Fauna
[modifica] PoliticaRepubblica unitaria, potere esecutivo del presidente della repubblica, eletto direttamente e in carica per 5 anni, lo stesso per il vicepresidente; potere legislativo all'Assemblea generale composta da due camere (Senato di 30 membri, Camera dei Deputati di 99 membri) elette per 5 anni.
[modifica] Politica estera
[modifica] Bibliografia
[modifica] Collegamenti esterni
[modifica] Altre voci
[modifica] Città
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