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| Qatar Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Seaview Seaview QR Qatar is a small peninsula in the Persian Gulf. It looks like a big thumb 'way up'. The country is small but offers quite a few interesting things to the visitors. Doha, the capital city of qatar, is a nice town with good beaches nearby and lively markets. The city itself has a beautiful developing skyline: whether you want to go shopping in one of Doha's many huge malls, or whether you want to tan in one of the many different hotels with beautiful beaches, there is always something to do. There are many activites you can pursue in and around Doha such as game fishing, dune bashing, scuba diving, sailing and sand boarding. Access to alcohol is restricted, but can be obtained in hotel bars, clubs and restaurants and at one of the two alcohol shops in the country (if you have an alcohol permit). There are rumours that restrictions will be loosened further with the coming Asian Games. Khor Al Udeid, or the Inland Sea, in the extreme south-east of the country, is of great natural beauty. This is a large area of natural sand dunes, surrounding a calm inlet of the Gulf. The dunes are quite stunning - tall, shapely sand masses formed by the prevailing winds and subject to radical overnight changes of shape. Half the fun of going to the Inland Sea is getting there - there are no roads leading there, and the entire trip is made with 4x4s through the desert and through the sand dunes. This is something which is not to be missed if visiting Qatar, and there are many places where tours can be set up. Al Wakra is only ten minutes from Doha. It did contain a photogenic harbour, but this is currently being dug up. It does, however, have a superb beach, fishing dhows and Mangrove swamps. There are several forts in Qatar, giving a glimpse into the past history of the country. Part or or all of this text stems from the original article at: www.wikipedia.com ________Qatar Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Seaview Seaview QR Qatar is a small peninsula in the Persian Gulf. It looks like a big thumb 'way up'. The country is small but offers quite a few interesting things to the visitors. Doha, the capital city of qatar, is a nice town with good beaches nearby and lively markets. The city itself has a beautiful developing skyline: whether you want to go shopping in one of Doha's many huge malls, or whether you want to tan in one of the many different hotels with beautiful beaches, there is always something to do. There are many activites you can pursue in and around Doha such as game fishing, dune bashing, scuba diving, sailing and sand boarding. Access to alcohol is restricted, but can be obtained in hotel bars, clubs and restaurants and at one of the two alcohol shops in the country (if you have an alcohol permit). There are rumours that restrictions will be loosened further with the coming Asian Games. Khor Al Udeid, or the Inland Sea, in the extreme south-east of the country, is of great natural beauty. This is a large area of natural sand dunes, surrounding a calm inlet of the Gulf. The dunes are quite stunning - tall, shapely sand masses formed by the prevailing winds and subject to radical overnight changes of shape. Half the fun of going to the Inland Sea is getting there - there are no roads leading there, and the entire trip is made with 4x4s through the desert and through the sand dunes. This is something which is not to be missed if visiting Qatar, and there are many places where tours can be set up. Al Wakra is only ten minutes from Doha. It did contain a photogenic harbour, but this is currently being dug up. It does, however, have a superb beach, fishing dhows and Mangrove swamps. There are several forts in Qatar, giving a glimpse into the past history of the country. Part or or all of this text stems from the original article at: www.wikipedia.com _________Getting Around Edit This Taxis The new blue Karwa taxis are good but in short supply at present. Private taxis will stop and offer you lifts - although you are then uninsured, sometimes this is the only way to get around. A more expensive alternative are Limos - these start at around 30 Riyals (having recently increased in price). Buses Buses costs 2 riyals per trip in the city, and 7 riyals outside the city. According to the Gulf Times you should watch out for pickpockets at peak times. Driving Driving licences You can use your national driving licence for one week, after which you will have to change it a Qatari licence. Alternatively, you can use an International licence for 6 months. Qatari Driving Licence You can obtain your Qatari driving licence from Madinat Khalifa Traffic Department. Take three photographs, your own driving licence (if you don’t have one you will need to take a test), your passport with residence permit or identity card, your sponsor’s ID and photocopies of everything. If you require glasses, you must be wearing them in your photo. When you arrive, someone will appear from nowhere and offer to type the necessary form for you in Arabic (in the unlikely event that they do not, you can find people to do this in a row of small open offices along the side of the road.) This normally costs five riyals – you can also have photographs taken. The form then needs to be signed by your sponsor. The same person who types up your form will probably also offer to organise everything for you. He will name a fee – this will be negotiable. In the driving centre itself you will need to take an eye test. Not all nationals are allowed to exchange their licence. Those who can't have to take a driving test. Students are tested on their ability to drive on a main road, to ‘pocket park’ and understand road signs. The test is difficult, and many people fail on their first attempt. Road safety In Qatar there are many different nationalities all, it seems, with their own idea of how to drive. Perhaps this is why Qatar has a huge death rate on the roads. Roundabouts are especially dangerous, and seem to have their own unique set of rules. The government places policeman on roundabouts at busy times, and is slowly replacing these roundabouts with traffic lights. There is currently a huge road improvement programme going on, but some of the smaller roads in and out of the city are badly maintained. Congestion Congestion is bad and getting worse. The situation is exacerbated by the major work being done on the roads prior to the Asian Games. When the work is complete congestion should improve. Traffic is at its worst during the rush hours. There are four of these due to the structure of the working day. Accidents If you have an accident, stop and do not move, even if you are blocking traffic. Call the police and wait for them to arrive. The police will issue with a report, without which you cannot get your car repaired. You may only leave the scene of the accident if everyone agrees on who is to blame. That was the old law. Today in Qatar you can be fined for disrupting traffic flow in case of a minor accident. In the event of death, injuries or involvment of illegal things like alchool leave the cars where they are. If you flee the accident scene without a police report, even if you agreed with your counter part on who's fault it is it could be diffcult to obtain the report you need to get the car fixed. Renting a car There are numerous car rental places. Normally the minimum price is 1500 a month. Bargaining may secure you a better price. Excess on insurance starts at around 1000 riyals. Traffic offences Qatar is strongly committed to improving road safety, and slowly increasing the number of speed and traffic light cameras on the roads. A full list of traffic offences and their penalties can be found on the http://www.moi.gov.qa/English/info_center/Violation_List.html . You can find out if you have committed a traffic offence online at http://www.e.gov.qa/eGovPortal/index.jsp . Drink/driving There is zero tolerance of drink/driving. Any alcohol in your blood will mean a court case in the event of an accident. You may not leave the country with a court case pending. The penalty for Muslims is whipping. Car Rental (A few of many) You don't need to reserve a car (you can get them at the airport) but if you want to check prices here are some contact details. Al Muftah Rent a Car: Tel: 4328100/4442003 Fax: 4414339 www.rentacarqatar.com Email: rac@qatar.net.qa Doha Rent a Car and transport: Tel: 4354577/4316213 Fax: 4328795 PO Box:16055 National Car Rental: Tel: 4871995 Fax: 4881695 PO Box:23005 info@national-qatar.com Contributors October 02, 2006 change by qatar guest January 04, 2007 change by giorgio [Add Local transport mode] ajayan rent a car Edit This one of the best 4 rent a car in qatar World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +974 4582888 url: www.ajayan.net address: doha qatar slwa road email: ajayan_rentacar@hotmail.com ajayan rent acar Edit This one of the best rent a car in qatar World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +974 4582888 url: www.ajayan.net address: doha qatar slwa road email: ajayan_rentacar@hotmail.com __________Getting There Edit This Airport Airport QR [Add Global transport mode] Doha International Airport Edit This Airport Airport photo by: QR For the vast majority of visitors, Doha International Airport is the entry point into Qatar. This recently refurbished airport provides all the modern amenities travellers could need. type: By Air World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.dohainternationalairport.com _________Economy Edit This Economy—overview: Oil is the backbone of the economy and accounts for more than 30% of GDP roughly 70% of export earnings and 66% of government revenues. Proved oil reserves of 3.7 billion barrels should ensure continued output at current levels for 23 years. Oil has given Qatar a per capita GDP comparable to the leading West European industrial countries. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas exceed 7 trillion cubic meters more than 5% of the world total third largest in the world. Production and export of natural gas are becoming increasingly important. Long-term goals feature the development of off-shore petroleum and the diversification of the economy. GDP: purchasing power parity— $22.47 billion (2005 est.) GDP—real growth rate: 8.8% (2005 est.) GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity—$26,000 (200s5 est.) GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 0.2% industry: 81% services: 18.8% (2005 est.) Inflation rate—consumer price index: 7.8% (2005 est.) Labor force: total: 440,000 (2005 est.) Unemployment rate: 2.6% (2001 est.) Budget: revenues: $17.31 billion expenditures: $11.31 billion including capital expenditures of $2.2 billion (2005 est.) Industries: crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship repair Industrial production growth rate: 10% (2003 est.) Electricity—production: 9.735 billion kWh (2003) Electricity—consumption: 9.053 billion kWh (2003) Agriculture—products: fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish Exports: total value: $24.9 billion (f.o.b. 2005 est.) partners: Japan 41.9%, South Korea 15.8%, Singapore 9.1%, India 5.4% (2004) Imports: total value: $6.706 billion (f.o.b. 2005 est.) partners: France 26.6%, US 9.5%, Saudi Arabia 9.4%, UAE 6.3%, Germany 5.2%, Japan 5.2%, UK 5.1% (2004) Debt—external: $20.63 billion (2005 est.) Economic aid: $NA Currency: 1 Qatari Riyal (QR) = 100 Dirhams Exchange rates: Qatari riyals (QR) per US$1—3.6400 riyals (fixed rate) Fiscal year: 1 April—31 March ________People Edit This Population: 697 126 (July 1998 est.) note: includes 516 508 non-nationals (July 1997 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 27% (male 97 317; female 93 532) 15-64 years: 71% (male 353 700; female 138 564) 65 years and over: 2% (male 9 731; female 4 282) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 3.82% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 16.97 births/1 000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 3.53 deaths/1 000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: 24.76 migrant(s)/1 000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 2.55 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 2.27 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 18.09 deaths/1 000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 73.89 years male: 71.38 years female: 76.54 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.5 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Qatari(s) adjective: Qatari Ethnic groups: Arab 40% Pakistani 18% Indian 18% Iranian 10% other 14% Religions: Muslim 95% Languages: Arabic (official) English commonly used as a second language Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79.4% male: 79.2% female: 79.9% (1995 est.) :::::::::Doha Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see City Center - with proposed hotels and frnhd appts attached Doha Qatar City Center - with proposed hotels and frnhd appts attached Doha Qatar Doha is the heart of Qatar, with most of the population living in the city. The beautiful city is filled with plenty of things to do, whether its shopping, clubbing, relaxing, dining, or whatever other activities come to mind. With its beautiful corniche which stretches out for several kilometers, you can take lovely walks by the sea and enjoy the sights of Doha's developing skyline and other sights the city has to offer. The city has a very laid back atmosphere, and any visitor is sure to love it. Accommodation There are plenty of choices to choose from, with all sorts of prices. Currently, hotels in Qatar include the Ritz Carlton, Intercontinental, Four Seasons, Sheraton, Movenpick, Rydges, Grand Regency, and the Marriot. There are many hotels under construction in preperation for the 2006 Asian Games. Things to Do Shopping Shopping is a main attraction in Doha, as there are several large malls with all sorts of worldwide brands being sold; as an added advantage, it is all tax-free. Shopping malls in Doha include the City Center, Landmark, Hyatt Plaza, The Mall, and the Royal Plaza. Swimming/Sea-related activities The many hotels of Doha all offer many sea-based activities, including fishing, paragliding, water-skiing, wakeboarding, jet skiing, and other such activities. Dining There are many great resturants and cafes in Doha, with all sorts of local and worldwide resturants available to dine in. Also, there are many cafes to choose from, including famous world-wide cafes such as Starbucks and the Coffee Beanary. Things of interest Doha has many museums and an old fort for sightseeing, and there are many beautiful mosques to see. An Islamic Musem is under construction, which is going to be a huge project with plenty to see. Furthermore, a Cultural Village will soon open in Doha, which also will have plenty to do and see. The Corniche is a must see, with its many buildings and its famous "curly" mosque (a mosque with a beautiful spinning minaret). The Education City is also of interest, as it contains several world-famous universities such as Weil Cornell Medical School and Georgetown School of Foreign Services, to name a few. Other Activities There are several clubs in Doha which allow guests over the age of 21 to enter, and are great to go to for a nice night out. Large organised parties are also monthly events in Doha, with several worldwide DJs coming to Doha for all sorts of parties through the Global DJs, which tickets can be purchased for. Transportation There is an excellent public transport service in Doha known as Mowasalat, with "Karwa" taxis available in all parts of Doha. The taxis are all new, air-conditioned cars and are equipped with a GPS in order to be able to properly find your destination. These have a starting fare of 4 QR. There are also older orange-coloured taxis which are usually cars of much older models, and are not always air-conditioned. These have a starting fare of 2 QR. Bus transportation is also available from Mowasalat, and bus stops can be found in several of Doha's main sections(3.00QR Per Adult). :::::::::Khor Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Old Khor Old Khor Khor Al Udeid, or the Inland Sea, in the extreme south-east of the country is of great natural beauty. This is a large area of natural sand dunes, surrounding a calm inlet of the Gulf. The dunes are quite stunning - tall, shapely sand masses formed by the prevailing winds and subject to radical overnight changes of shape To visit the Inland Sea you need a four-wheel drive. If you don't have one, they can be rented for the weekend from major car companies (but book well in advance, as they get snapped up very quickly) or you can go as part of an organised tour through the hotels. Visits can be made for as little as a couple of hours through to three days (which entails camping out). During the winter season, while the weather is comfortably warm, the Inland Sea is a very popular weekend and holiday destination, and it is worth going early to ensure a good camping spot. Remember that you will need to take absolutely everything with you, as there are no shops for miles around, and that you should take warm bedding, as it gets quite cold at night. A tent is also a very good idea. ______Day Trips Edit This It may be a good idea to visit the region as part of an organized tour. [Add Day Trip] Arabian Adventures Edit This Arabian Adventures offers adventurous tours to the desert. Tel : 361461 type: general World66 rating: [rate it] email: arabvent@qatar.net.qa tel: +974 4361461 address: P.O. 4476 Qatar Holidays Edit This Qatar Holidays offers tours to the inland sea. Tel : 495585 :::::::: Waqra Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see It is the residential area of Qatar where most of the houses belong to the Arabs. Part or or all of this text stems from the original article at: Personal Experience ::::::Zubara Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see After entering at right After entering at right Ravi Wagh AL ZUBARA FORT, on the north-west coast of Qatar, about 60 kms from Doha, is housed in what looks like an ancient building, but was actually constructed in the 1930's as a police border post. There is a major archaelogical site nearby that can also be visited. The museum houses various local artefacts, but is principally interesting for the building itself, the archaelogical site and the fishing villages nearby, many of which are now deserted. |
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GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar Cronologia/Autori: http://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qatar&action=history QatarDa Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.
Lo Stato del Qatar ( قطر ) è un emirato del Medio Oriente. Situato in una piccola penisola facente parte della ben più grande penisola arabica, confina a sud con l'Arabia Saudita ed è per il resto circondato dal golfo Persico.
[modifica] StoriaIl Qatar è uno dei vari emirati sorti nel XX secolo nella penisola arabica. Dopo essere stato dominato per migliaia di anni dai persiani e, più recentemente, dal Bahrain, dagli ottomani e dai britannici, diventò indipendente il 3 settembre 1971. Diversamente dalla maggior parte dei vicini emirati, il Qatar ha rifiutato di diventare parte dell'Arabia Saudita o degli Emirati Arabi Uniti. Il Qatar, che durante gli anni Ottanta aveva sostenuto lo sforzo bellico dell'Iraq nella guerra Iran-Iraq, nel 1991 si oppose all'invasione irachena del Kuwait e si schierò al fianco delle forze che combatterono l'Iraq nella guerra del Golfo. Le dispute territoriali con l'Arabia Saudita del settembre 1992 misero in crisi le tradizionalmente buone relazioni tra i due paesi, che raggiunsero un accordo nel maggio 1993. Il 27 giugno 1995 l'erede al trono, Hamad ibn Khalifa al-Thani, depose suo padre Khalifa ibn Hamad al-Thani, e avviò una politica di apertura verso l'Iran, l'Iraq e Israele. Nel marzo 2001 la Corte Internazionale di Giustizia delle Nazioni Unite ha riconosciuto allo stato del Bahrein la sovranità sulle isole Hawar, reclamate dal Qatar, risolvendo una disputa che si protraeva da decenni.
[modifica] GeografiaIl Qatar è una regione brulla e rocciosa con ricchi giacimenti di petrolio e di gas naturale. Per quanto riguarda le derrate alimentari deve fare affidamento, quasi completamente, sulle importazioni, in quanto la superficie messa a coltura è ridottissima, e l'acqua molto scarsa poiché le falde freatiche sono inutilizzabili a causa dell'alto contenuto di minerali. La desalinizzazione dell’acqua marina costituisce l’unico rimedio alla mancanza di risorse idriche. Il governo ha ratificato accordi internazionali sull’ambiente in materia di biodiversità, desertificazione e protezione dell’ozonosfera.
[modifica] EconomiaLa principale risorsa economica è rappresentata dal petrolio su cui si basa la ricchezza del paese. I primi giacimenti furono scoperti negli anni Quaranta e la commercializzazione del greggio ebbe inizio dieci anni dopo. Nel 1974 il governo fondò la Qatar General Petroleum Corporation, ente deputato al controllo delle risorse petrolifere, precedentemente gestite da compagnie occidentali. Il Qatar è membro dell'Organizzazione dei paesi esportatori di petrolio (OPEC). Un'ulteriore risorsa è costituita inoltre dai giacimenti di gas naturale; infatti, a North West Dome si trovano i più grandi depositi del mondo di gas naturale non associato al petrolio. Nel 1998 il prodotto interno lordo del paese è stato di 9.243 milioni di dollari USA, corrispondente a un PIL di 12.830 dollari USA pro capite. Il settore agricolo ha rilevanza solo a livello locale e impiega circa il 3% della forza lavoro. Sono allo studio progetti volti a migliorare i sistemi irrigui e ad aumentare la produzione agricola per garantire l'autosufficienza alimentare, raggiunta alla fine degli anni Novanta solo per frutta e ortaggi. Il settore più importante resta comunque quello della pastorizia (si allevano perlopiù capre, pecore, cammelli e bovini). Di rilievo è inoltre la pesca che riesce a soddisfare completamente il fabbisogno interno, garantendo anche eccedenze per l'esportazione. Il governo utilizza le entrate valutarie ottenute dalle concessioni petrolifere per finanziare lo sviluppo industriale del paese. Oltre a effettuare la raffinazione del petrolio, le industrie manifatturiere più importanti producono cemento, fertilizzanti e acciaio. L'unità monetaria è il riyal del Qatar, suddiviso in 100 dirham. L'istituto centrale di emissione è la Qatar Monetary Agency. Il commercio estero si svolge principalmente con Giappone, Regno Unito, Stati Uniti e Germania e per circa il 90% riguarda petrolio e prodotti da esso derivati.
[modifica] TrasportiIl paese non ha alcuna rete ferroviaria, ma le comunicazioni interne sono assicurate da circa 1.230 km di strade, al 79% asfaltate. I programmi governativi prevedono lo sviluppo della rete stradale attraverso investimenti delle entrate petrolifere. Le comunicazioni aeree sono assicurate dall'aeroporto internazionale di Doha. La compagnia aerea di bandiera, Quatar Airways, è stata insignita del prestigioso status di "Five Star Airline" dalla Skytrax, una compagnia di ricerca e statistica per le aerolinee commerciali.
[modifica] PoliticaIl Qatar è una monarchia assoluta, retta dalla famiglia reale al-Thani, alla quale appartiene circa il 40% della popolazione autoctona. Secondo la costituzione del 1970, il potere esecutivo viene esercitato dal Consiglio dei ministri (Shura), i cui membri vengono nominati dal capo di stato, l'emiro, che svolge anche le funzioni di capo del governo. Il sistema giudiziario è composto da corti civili e penali; le corti, amministrate secondo la legge islamica della Shari'ah, sono dotate di giurisdizione limitata. Per le spese militari viene stanziato circa un quarto del bilancio dello stato.
[modifica] SportIl Qatar si è qualificato ai Mondiali di basket 2006.
[modifica] Collegamenti esterni
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| Qatar Travel Guide Qatar Travel Guide and Qatar Travel Information - TravelPuppy.com Travel warning Due to the ongoing military action in Iraq, there is an enlarged risk of terrorism throughout the world and particularly in the Middle East. Potential travellers are advised to contact their local embassy for the latest travel advice prior to travel. Qatar is an oil rich peninsula jutting out into the Gulf between the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain. Most of the country consists of sand dunes and salt flats. The city of Doha combines a prosperous mixture of traditional Arabic and modern architecture. The Grand Mosque with several domes and the Abu Bakir al-Siddiq Mosque are particularly interesting. The north contains most of the historic sites, including Umm Salal Mohammed, a moderately large village dominated by the ruins of a 19 th century fort. Al Khor is the 2nd largest city, situated around a natural shallow harbour. On the west coast there are stunning beaches at Umm Bab (‘The Palm Tree Beach’) Dukhan and Salwah near the Saudi border. The south is a region of sand dunes and beaches, offering opportunities to go pearl hunting, or to practise numerous watersports. Public entertainment can be rather limited in Qatar, live entertainment is infrequent, however some international artists do perform in Qatar. ___________Qatar Business Qatar Business Overview - TravelPuppy.com Economy Oil and gas reserves have transformed Qatar from an poor outcrop on the Arabian Peninsula into 1 of the richest countries in the world. The oil deposits located and exploited from the 1970's onwards were of oddly high quality and generated a substantial income for the country. In addition, 1 of the world’s largest natural gas fields, known as the North Field, was discovered in Qatari waters in the late 1980's. Measured by revenue, gas production has now outstripped oil and is set to remain Qatar’s main source of income for the foreseeable future. Agriculture is essentially limited by climate and water resources. Some indigenous industry exists, mainly based on petrochemicals and refining but also including concrete, steel and cement, plastics, paint and flour. The Qatari government has allocated US $5 billion for further industrialisation projects over the coming years. Present economic performance is good with an annual growth of 8.5 % and inflation of 2.3 %. Qatar is a member of OPEC, the Islamic Development Bank and the Arab Monetary Fund. It also belongs to the World Trade Organisation, and hosted the organisation’s 2001 round of negotiations. Currently, most of Qatar’s oil and gas is sold to Italy and Japan. EU countries, Japan and the United States of America are the country’s main trading partners. Business Politeness and patience in business dealings are essential. General office hours are Saturday to Thursday from 8.00 am to 12.00 pm and 4.00 pm to 7.00 pm. General government office hours are Saturday to Wednesday 7.00 am to 2.00 pm. Commercial Information The following associations can offer advice: Qatar Chamber of Commerce and Industry Address PO Box 402, Doha Telephone: 462 2538 Facsimile: 462 1905 Email address: qcci@qatar.net.qa Website address: www.arab.net/qatar/qr_commerce.htm ______________ Qatar Festivals - Events Qatar Festivals and Events Guide - TravelPuppy.com For a complete list of special events please contact the Ministry Of Tourism (see Contacts section). The following is a selection of special events happening in Qatar in 2005: January: Eid al-Adha (Feast of the Sacrifice). March: Qatar Masters (golf), Doha. June to August: Qatar Summer Wonders Festival of Fun. November: Eid al-Fitr (End of Ramadan). _____________Qatar General Info Qatar General Information - TravelPuppy.com Area 11,437 square kilometres (4,416 square miles). Population 618,000 people (the official estimate for 2002). Population Density 54 people per square kilometre. Capital Doha. Population of Doha 264,009 people (the official estimate for 1997). Geography Some key geographical facts: Qatar is an oil rich peninsula extending out into the Gulf between Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates. There are hills in the north west, but the rest of Qatar consists of sand dunes and salt flats, with scattered vegetation towards the north. Government The government has been Emirate since 1971. Qatar gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1971. The Head of State has been Crown Prince Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani since 1995. The Head of Government has been Prime Minister Sheikh Abdallah bin Khalifa al-Thani since 1996. Language Arabic is the official language, and some English is spoken. Religion Islam is the main religion in Qatar. Time Zone Greenich Mean Time (GMT) + 3. Electricity 220 to 240 volts AC, 50Hz. ________________ Qatar Getting Around - Internal Travel Qatar Internal Travel - Getting Around Qatar - TravelPuppy.com Road The road system is fair, however conditions are poor during the wet season. Driving is on the right in Qatar. Bus There are no organised public bus services. Taxi Taxis in Qatar have black and yellow number plates, are painted orange and white, and are metered. They can be hired on an hourly basis. Car hire Car rental is available from local companies at the airport and hotels. Documentation An International Driving Permit is required, but a temporary licence can be obtained on presentation of a valid United Kingdom licence. ____________Qatar History Qatar History - TravelPuppy.com The families that rule the northern Arabian Gulf states are, almost without exclusion, descended from migrants from the central region of the Arabian peninsula in the 18 th and early 19 th centuries. The Al-Khalifas, who today govern Bahrain, also established a community on the small peninsula directly opposite the island, modern day Qatar. The Al-Khalifas were powerless to hold on to their mainland possession, however, and were displaced by the Al-Thani clan. The Al-Thanis were part of the original wave of migration, but little else is known about their backgrounds. Although the Al-Khalifas had agreed a treaty with the British in 1868, this did not prevent Qatar being absorbed into the Turkish Ottoman empire, then undergoing a brief resurgence during a period of otherwise chronic decline in 1872. After the Ottoman collapse during World War I, Qatar once again came under British suzerainty. The British recognised the Al-Thanis as rulers, providing military protection in trade for control of Qatar’s external affairs under treaties signed in 1916 and 1934. British troops were moved out of the Gulf in 1968 as part of the ‘East of Suez’ extractions. Plans to enhance Qatar’s security through federations with Bahrain and the Trucial States (now the United Arab Emirates) failed and in 1971 Qatar gained full independence under the rule of Sheikh Ahmad. Rivalries within the Al-Thani family immediately started after independence culminated in a coup by the chief minister, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Hamad Al-Thani. Under Khalifa’s regime, Qatar has used its considerable oil revenues to develop a modern infrastructure, health and education services. It has allied itself closely with Saudi Arabia on regional and international issues (see below). Qatar was also 1 of the instigators of the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC), inaugurated in 1981, which has become the principal regional trade and security bloc. The security aspect of the Council’s work has received the greater attention throughout the last 15 years. Qatar played a low key role in the Iran - Iraq war, usually on the side of Iraq, and was an active participant in the multinational alliance assembled to liberate Kuwait in 1990. During the early 1990's, the Emir adopted many independent initiatives in his conduct of foreign policy, there were burgeoning commercial relations with Israel and welcome support for American strategic objectives in the region, yet Qatar was 1 of the few governments to preserve relations of any kind with the Taleban regime in Afghanistan. Around the same time, Qatar became involved in several of territorial disputes with both Bahrain (over the oil rich Hawar islands) and Saudi Arabia, over the position of the border between the 2 countries. The Emir’s conduct of Qatari foreign policy during this period undoubtedly aggravated the divisions within the ruling family. These came to a head in 1995 when the Emir was removed by his son, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, in a bloodless palace coup. Sheikh Hamad has consequently embarked on a very gradual process of democratisation, a woman was appointed to a ministerial post, and municipal elections were held for the 1st time in 1999. In 2003, a national referendum supported the Emir’s plan for a national parliament. However, his announcement of his son, Prince Jassem, as his anointed successor, illustrates that the Emir has no intention of surrendering the al-Thanis’ control over the Qatar (Jassem has since been supplanted in his father’s favours by his brother, Prince Tamim.) The territorial disputes with Saudi Arabia and Bahrain were both settled, with international mediation, in 2001. These were relatively minor matters compared to the Emir’s decision in late 2002 to allow the Americans to establish their major regional command centre at Sayliyah and expand the airbase at al-Udeid. The American request was prompted by rising unease on the part of the Saudis who had hosted the centre during the 1991 Iraq war. Qatar has duly played a vital role in the American campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan. |
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Lo Stato del Qatar ( قطر ) è un emirato del Medio Oriente. Situato in una piccola penisola facente parte della ben più grande penisola arabica, confina a sud con l'Arabia Saudita ed è per il resto circondato dal golfo Persico.
[modifica] StoriaIl Qatar è uno dei vari emirati sorti nel XX secolo nella penisola arabica. Dopo essere stato dominato per migliaia di anni dai persiani e, più recentemente, dal Bahrain, dagli ottomani e dai britannici, diventò indipendente il 3 settembre 1971. Diversamente dalla maggior parte dei vicini emirati, il Qatar ha rifiutato di diventare parte dell'Arabia Saudita o degli Emirati Arabi Uniti. Il Qatar, che durante gli anni Ottanta aveva sostenuto lo sforzo bellico dell'Iraq nella guerra Iran-Iraq, nel 1991 si oppose all'invasione irachena del Kuwait e si schierò al fianco delle forze che combatterono l'Iraq nella guerra del Golfo. Le dispute territoriali con l'Arabia Saudita del settembre 1992 misero in crisi le tradizionalmente buone relazioni tra i due paesi, che raggiunsero un accordo nel maggio 1993. Il 27 giugno 1995 l'erede al trono, Hamad ibn Khalifa al-Thani, depose suo padre Khalifa ibn Hamad al-Thani, e avviò una politica di apertura verso l'Iran, l'Iraq e Israele. Nel marzo 2001 la Corte Internazionale di Giustizia delle Nazioni Unite ha riconosciuto allo stato del Bahrein la sovranità sulle isole Hawar, reclamate dal Qatar, risolvendo una disputa che si protraeva da decenni.
[modifica] GeografiaIl Qatar è una regione brulla e rocciosa con ricchi giacimenti di petrolio e di gas naturale. Per quanto riguarda le derrate alimentari deve fare affidamento, quasi completamente, sulle importazioni, in quanto la superficie messa a coltura è ridottissima, e l'acqua molto scarsa poiché le falde freatiche sono inutilizzabili a causa dell'alto contenuto di minerali. La desalinizzazione dell’acqua marina costituisce l’unico rimedio alla mancanza di risorse idriche. Il governo ha ratificato accordi internazionali sull’ambiente in materia di biodiversità, desertificazione e protezione dell’ozonosfera.
[modifica] EconomiaLa principale risorsa economica è rappresentata dal petrolio su cui si basa la ricchezza del paese. I primi giacimenti furono scoperti negli anni Quaranta e la commercializzazione del greggio ebbe inizio dieci anni dopo. Nel 1974 il governo fondò la Qatar General Petroleum Corporation, ente deputato al controllo delle risorse petrolifere, precedentemente gestite da compagnie occidentali. Il Qatar è membro dell'Organizzazione dei paesi esportatori di petrolio (OPEC). Un'ulteriore risorsa è costituita inoltre dai giacimenti di gas naturale; infatti, a North West Dome si trovano i più grandi depositi del mondo di gas naturale non associato al petrolio. Nel 1998 il prodotto interno lordo del paese è stato di 9.243 milioni di dollari USA, corrispondente a un PIL di 12.830 dollari USA pro capite. Il settore agricolo ha rilevanza solo a livello locale e impiega circa il 3% della forza lavoro. Sono allo studio progetti volti a migliorare i sistemi irrigui e ad aumentare la produzione agricola per garantire l'autosufficienza alimentare, raggiunta alla fine degli anni Novanta solo per frutta e ortaggi. Il settore più importante resta comunque quello della pastorizia (si allevano perlopiù capre, pecore, cammelli e bovini). Di rilievo è inoltre la pesca che riesce a soddisfare completamente il fabbisogno interno, garantendo anche eccedenze per l'esportazione. Il governo utilizza le entrate valutarie ottenute dalle concessioni petrolifere per finanziare lo sviluppo industriale del paese. Oltre a effettuare la raffinazione del petrolio, le industrie manifatturiere più importanti producono cemento, fertilizzanti e acciaio. L'unità monetaria è il riyal del Qatar, suddiviso in 100 dirham. L'istituto centrale di emissione è la Qatar Monetary Agency. Il commercio estero si svolge principalmente con Giappone, Regno Unito, Stati Uniti e Germania e per circa il 90% riguarda petrolio e prodotti da esso derivati.
[modifica] TrasportiIl paese non ha alcuna rete ferroviaria, ma le comunicazioni interne sono assicurate da circa 1.230 km di strade, al 79% asfaltate. I programmi governativi prevedono lo sviluppo della rete stradale attraverso investimenti delle entrate petrolifere. Le comunicazioni aeree sono assicurate dall'aeroporto internazionale di Doha. La compagnia aerea di bandiera, Quatar Airways, è stata insignita del prestigioso status di "Five Star Airline" dalla Skytrax, una compagnia di ricerca e statistica per le aerolinee commerciali.
[modifica] PoliticaIl Qatar è una monarchia assoluta, retta dalla famiglia reale al-Thani, alla quale appartiene circa il 40% della popolazione autoctona. Secondo la costituzione del 1970, il potere esecutivo viene esercitato dal Consiglio dei ministri (Shura), i cui membri vengono nominati dal capo di stato, l'emiro, che svolge anche le funzioni di capo del governo. Il sistema giudiziario è composto da corti civili e penali; le corti, amministrate secondo la legge islamica della Shari'ah, sono dotate di giurisdizione limitata. Per le spese militari viene stanziato circa un quarto del bilancio dello stato.
[modifica] SportIl Qatar si è qualificato ai Mondiali di basket 2006.
[modifica] Collegamenti esterni
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