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Adolescenza
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Discoteche/ |
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| Mediterraneo |
| Letteratura Africana | Islam | Cristianesimo | Arabic Literature |
| Letteratura Araba | Letteratura Sudafricana | Musica Africana |
| Oasi | Sahara | Maghreb |
| Africa | ||
| Niger |
| Agadez | Zinder |
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| Niger Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see photo Niger is a landlocked country in the heart of Africa, at the south end of the Sahara. It borders on Chad, Nigeria, Algeria, Burkina Faso, Libya, Benin and Mali. Most people of Niger are muslims, although there are quite some differences in their practice depending on the region where they are from. People of Arab descent tend to be a bit stricter than the Haussa from the south.However, these differences seem to be slowly disappearing. Niger was one of the last places in Africa to fall under colonial rule and in the case of Niger, it were the French that left their mark on the country and its inhabitants. French is still widely spoken and if you don't speak Haussa, Pulaar or any of the other languages spoken in Niger, you will probably (have to) get by with your French. The capital city of Niamey is a nice and easy going town with colourful markets. More importantly, Niger has stunning natural beauty, especially in the Mountain ranges in the north of the country, but also houses a few old trading centers in the Sahara, such as Agadez and Zinder, that have a distinct mixture of arab/touareg and black african culture. The Hausa architecture in those towns is also worth a detour. Speaking of detours: it is not always easy to travel in Niger. The roads themselves are not the biggest problems; actually they are not as bad as you might expect. But banditism and political strife between different factions can make certain areas unsafe. The trans-Saharan routes to Algeria and Libya can be closed due to these circumstances. Try to check recent reports, under the section Trans-Sahara. ___________Economy Edit This Economy—overview: Niger is a poor landlocked Sub-Saharan nation whose economy centers on subsistence agriculture animal husbandry reexport trade and increasingly less on uranium its major export since the 1970s. Terms of trade with Nigeria Niger's largest regional trade partner have improved dramatically since the 50% devaluation of the West African franc in January 1994; this devaluation boosted exports of livestock cowpeas onions and the products of Niger's small cotton industry. The government relies on bilateral and multilateral aid for operating expenses and public investment and is strongly induced to adhere to structural adjustment programs designed by the IMF and the World Bank. The US terminated bilateral assistance to Niger after the coup of 1996. Other donors have reduced their aid. GDP: purchasing power parity—$6.3 billion (1997 est.) GDP—real growth rate: 4.5% (1997 est.) GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity—$670 (1997 est.) GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 41% industry: 18% services: 41% (1996) Inflation rate—consumer price index: 5.3% (1996) Labor force: total: 70 000 receive regular wages or salaries by occupation: agriculture 90% industry and commerce 6% government 4% Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $370 million (including $160 million from foreign sources) expenditures: $370 million including capital expenditures of $186 million (1998 est.) Industries: cement brick textiles food processing chemicals slaughterhouses and a few other small light industries; uranium mining Industrial production growth rate: 0.5% (1994 est.) Electricity—capacity: 63 000 kW (1995) Electricity—production: 170 million kWh (1995) note: imports about 200 million kWh of electricity from Nigeria Electricity—consumption per capita: 40 kWh (1995) Agriculture—products: cowpeas cotton peanuts millet sorghum cassava (tapioca) rice; cattle sheep goats camels donkeys horses poultry Exports: total value: $188 million (f.o.b. 1996) commodities: uranium ore 67% livestock products 20% cowpeas onions partners: France 41% Nigeria 22% Burkina Faso Cote d'Ivoire Japan 18% Imports: total value: $374 million (c.i.f. 1996) commodities: consumer goods primary materials machinery vehicles and parts petroleum cereals partners: France 24% Nigeria 19% Cote d'Ivoire China Belgium-Luxembourg Debt—external: $1.3 billion (1996 est.) Economic aid: recipient: ODA; bilateral donors: France Germany EU Japan Currency: 1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1—608.36 (January 1998) 583.67 (1997) 511.55 (1996) 499.15 (1995) 555.20 (1994) 283.16 (1993) note: beginning 12 January 1994 the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948 Fiscal year: calendar year ___________Trans Sahara Edit This To cross the biggest desert of them all is a dream many people have. Going through Niger is an option. Here I will try to gather recent reports of travelers who've done it. Basically there are two routes. One to Algeria and one to Libya, I will try to deal with both of them seperately. [Add New] Algeria Edit This The route to Algeria passes via Arlit. This is the last major stop before the border. Recent reports about this route are to be found on the following web pages: Sahara Overland. Other options include hoing to Mali and from there to Algeria, or on to Mauritania and then to Morocco. For this last option see the Dakhla section. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] __________People Edit This Population: 9 671 848 (July 1998 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 48% (male 2 374 482; female 2 277 176) 15-64 years: 50% (male 2 345 773; female 2 447 951) 65 years and over: 2% (male 119 644; female 106 822) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 2.96% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 53.01 births/1 000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 23.38 deaths/1 000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1 000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.12 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 114.39 deaths/1 000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 41.52 years male: 41.83 years female: 41.21 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 7.3 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Nigerien(s) adjective: Nigerien Ethnic groups: Hausa 56% Djerma 22% Fula 8.5% Tuareg 8% Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3% Arab Toubou and Gourmantche 1.2% about 1 200 French expatriates Religions: Muslim 80% remainder indigenous beliefs and Christians Languages: French (official) Hausa Djerma Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 13.6% male: 20.9% female: 6.6% (1995 est.) :::::::::Agadez Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see i Agadez is the Nigerien sister of Timbuktu in Mali. Their histories are alike, their structures are alike, and the fascination they have on travelers is alike as well. If you approach overland you’ll see it rise right out of the desert. The town has only 20.000 inhabitants who live in sand-brick houses that blend in with the countryside. Three tribes walk the streets: the Fulani (aka Fulbe, Peluh or Halpulaar) who wear large hats that look like the hats worn by the Chinese; the Hausa merchants dressed in long robes; and the nomadic Tuaregs who give chilling looks from beneath massive turbans. If you go to the outskirts of town to the goat and mutton market, you will catch a glimpse of the nomadic housing creatively constructed from desert twigs and fly away plastic bags. The main sights are the central market, the 16th-century mosque, the Sultan's Palace, the camel market and some interesting silver shops; the Croix d'Agadez is famous in all of the Sahel, here you can get the real thing. The Artisan Center is an amazing place to observe the metal work that is done by a couple dozen artists, all sitting cross legged on the floor, tapping away at their peices. If the political situation permits excursions can be arranged to go by camel or other conveyance into the nearby Air Mountains, where the Tuaregs live. That will be an unforgettable trip. Also schedule for a one to seven day trip in a four by four out to the sand dunes and oasises. :::::::::Air Mountains Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Oasis at Timia Oasis at Timia Nigel Crawhall The Air Mountains are north of Agadez. They are a very impressive natural wonder and absolutely worth a visit. North of the Air mountains start the Tenere desert, and further northeast you can find the Djado Plateau. The mountain massif covers an area about the size of Switzerland. One of the more surprising aspects of the Mountains is that there is some really interesting flora anf fauna, not just camels. The highest peaks reach 2000 meters, Mt Bagzane some 150 km north of Agadez is just above that. Timia Timia is a small oasis in the middle of the Air Mountains, about a days drive to the East of Agadez. It features a rehabilitated French Foreign Legion fort on the hill top that can provide meals and a place to sleep. The town itself is unspoiled and easy to visit. The Tuareg in Timia are very friendly and very gracious. It's one of the finest places to visit in Niger. ::::::::::Arlit Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Arlit is a Saharan version of a boomtown: Uranium mines in the desert have given it a recently-thrown-together look and feel. Since Arlit is on the main road to Algeria, the town is quite a busy place (when the road is open at least, when it is closed you don't need to be here). There are many things to be bought and sold, there are banks here, there are some bars. There is also a real tourist office here! On the other hand, the banks do not always have money, the bars do not always have beer. The hustlers who buy and sell are always there and you will not have trouble spotting them. When you arrive you have to go to the police and leave them your passport. You can get it back when you are ready to leave. ::::::::Baleyara Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see While some areas have a seamy roadstop appearance most of the town and surrounding bush is framed majestically by towering acacia trees. Although Baleyara is primarily a Djerma-speaking area there are many villages of Bella Tuaregs to be found and it is located near the transition zone to the Hausa-speaking areas to the north. :::::::::::Birnin-konni Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Birnin Konni is an important market centre in the south of Niger. It is very close to the border with Nigeria. The town is located on the crossroads of the road that leads from Agadez to Sokoto and the one going from Zinder to Niamey The town does not have many actual sights but it is an easy going place and it's a good place to buy a few things that may be harder to find in the desert. Petrol is readily available in Birnin Konni. it is smuggled accross the border from Nigeria and prices here are among the lowest in Niger. ::::::::::Fachi Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see x Bilma is the end of the world. When you're done with your 500+ km of desert from Agadez this not the reward you were looking for. If you want to cross the desert to Libya this is your last stop. There seem to be people who have made this trip in 1999. I've read two reports both by Belgian, who came from Libya and got thier Nigerien visa in Sebha . They spend the night in the old Italian fort in al Qatrun , 200 km north of the border. For more info see this travel report. ::::::::::Iferouane Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see As you head into the mountains of the Aïr, be sure to go through the village of Iferouane. It is on the Aïr and Ténéré circuit. There is a great campsite at the back with traditional Tuareg mat houses. There are also some of the best silver smiths in the region. There is a friendly artisans co-operative in the town. Iferouane is a magical place. Plans are afoot to create a cyber cafe there as well. ::::::::Ingal Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see x Ingal is not far from Agadez and mainly famous for the Cure Salee event, that takes place in Spetember. When you are here any other time of the year it is just a beautiful oasis, where you can meet Tuaregs, and enjoy slow paced life (at least when there is no civil strife). :::::::Kawar Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see The Kawar is the string of oases stretching from Bilma north toward the Libyan border. An ancient salt producing center and western edge of Toubou territory, these towns are about as remote as it gets. The scenery is stunning. The red and black Kawar escarpment forms a jagged wall to the east, while the dunes of the Tenere melt into the horizon to the west. In beautifully sharp contrast to the endless sand and rock are the lush natural springs in Bilma. Wandering among the palm shaded pools is like stepping into another world, and an unbelievable experience after making a long desert crossing. Accomodation is limitted if you don't come with your own car or an organized tour. Bilma has one campemant, Camping AKFO. Dirkou (the transportation hub of the region) has a couple of dodgy flophouses catering to migrant workers. Perhaps the best option is to ask around for a family to put you up for a few nights. If all else fails you can stay at the police station. I've never done this, but I've been told it works, and the gendarmes in Dirkou were pretty cool when I was there. It's easiest to get here from Agadez if you don't have a car. You can find lots of tour companies there if you want a hassle-free and comfortable, albeit highly expensive, way to see the desert. Or you can find a ride with a truck heading to the Kawar there. For more information on travelling by truck to the Kawar see the Tenere Desert section. ::::::::: Koure Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Girafs Girafs Although it’s not found on many maps Koure is important as the center of an area roamed by a herd of giraffes—the last remaining free-range herd in West Africa. The area is not controlled in any way but there are trained guides in Koure who know the trails the movement patterns of the giraffes and the local ecology (beware of false guides on the road to Koure!). They command a flat fee and willingly accept tips but do not have their own vehicles. The best way to see the giraffes is by four-wheel-drive vehicle and the dry season (November-February) is the best time to see them. Koure is located just south of the paved road heading east out of Niamey toward Dosso. :::::::::Maradi Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Maradi is located in the south of Niger on the main road from Niamey to Zinder . It's the third largest city of the country with over 150000 inhabitants. It's mainly an agricutural centre. The market is the closest thing to a real tourist attraction. It's a good place for buying cheap Nigerian stuff smuggeld in. The Maison des Chefs is a good example of Hausa architecure, but if that's waht you are looking for head for Zinder straight away. ::::::::Nguigmi Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Located in the farthest reaches of eastern Niger N’Guigmi is the last town on the dirt road to Chad. It’s a gray dusty frontier outpost that feels very much like the end of the road. The market to the south does a big trade in camels because the area is primarily populated by nomadic people the Canori and Toubou. The Toubou who are particularly imposing produce interesting leather and metal work including sharp knives in colorful red scabbards that the men wear strapped on their arms. The greatest attraction of N’Guigmi is its proximity to the Tal Desert which lies three hours by camel to the northwest. It’s fairly easy to rent camels and a guide for a fascinating journey out to a pristine area of endless tall dunes and majestic silence. This excursion however is definitely for the seasoned traveler. 575 mi/925 km east of Niamey. :::::::Niamey Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see i Niger’s capita facility with state-of-the-art information systems a well-endowed library a nice bar and cafe and an amphitheater used for French and African film screenings performance art and dramatic productions. Just across town on the Rue des Ambassades the U.S. recreation center has a softball field a pool a basketball court and a diner. For more adventurous outings it’s possible to take a ride in a pirogue (dugout canoe) on the Niger to see hippos in pools. __________Getting There Edit This x For onward travel to Gao in Mali you cannot take a boat, since the river is not navigable all the way. There are buses three times a week. The bus stops overnight at the border and arrives the following day. The fare is about 8000 CFA. Take water with you. ___________Day Trips Edit This For an interesting day trip go to the market town of Baleyara about 60 mi/100 km northeast of Niamey on a good paved road. Another interesting side trip is to Koure a small town about 30 mi/50 km southeast of Niamey. Although it’s not found on many maps it is important as the center of an area roamed by a herd of giraffes. ____________Nightlife and Entertainment Edit This There are numerous bars and restaurants in Niamey and even the odd nightclub the most popular being Les Tropiques along the Niger River. [Add Entertainment place] Les Tropiques Edit This Cool place on the Corniche. Next door is Le Diamangou. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Corniche de Gamkalle tel: 733204 Hotel Rivoli Edit This Good place for meeting other foreigners. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Rue Nasser / Ave Luebke Zanzibar Edit This Zanzibar - a bar/restauarant located in the main street with a chilled out/air conditioned, latest music - real cool type: Wine bars World66 rating: [rate it] ClosingTime: 6am tel: 22796598319 accessibility: Ring Bill address: bp13777 email: zanzi67@yahoo.fr :::::::::::Park w Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see The Park W is located in three countries: Niger, Burkina Faso and Benin . It is most easily accesed form Niger and tours can be arranged in Niamey. It's an easy drive to do on your own, three hours from the sleepy capitol. Park du Double Vé is one of the best wildlife parks of West Africa. All the major animal groups are here: cats, primates, elephants and many interesting bird species. March through May, at the end of the dry season, is a good time to come, when the animals have to look around for watering holes. But December and January offer the best weather and the grasses have been burned off, affording the best views. ::::::::::Tenere Desert Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Desert Desert The Tenere desert is 500 km north of Agadez and about 300 north of the Air Mountains . It has incredible beautiful sand dune areas, and those disappointed bytheir first desert experiences should absolutely come here to see this one. This is quite a remote area, so you need at least about a week to see the desert, starting from Agadez . The best thing to do is to travel in a group of cars and you would probably be wise to hire at least one guide as well. The road to Bilma (not always a road in the western sense of the word) crosses the Tenere desert from west to east, and offers the best possibilities for exploration of this beautiful region. If you don't have you own 4x4 and you can't afford a guided tour, you can travel by freight truck through the Tenere to Bilma. You will see these heavily loaded Mercedes trucks departing from various autogares around Agadez. Drivers always take passengers - many of whom are on their way to Libya to work - so there's no reason they won't take you. You could try asking around at the autogares, but it's best to get a recomendation for a driver from a friend in Agadez. While most drivers are fine, the trip can be dangerous so it's best to be in a truck with someone you can trust. Be prepared for three to five days of travel, sleeping on the sand at night and very basic food. Buy a 20 liter water jug and a heavy synthetic blanket for sleeping at night. (both sold all over Agadez). Be prepared as well for break-downs, delays, and inexplicable stops (all of which you will be used to if you've travelled around Africa for a while). Although traveling by truck isn't exactly the height of luxury, it's by far the best way to see the desert. You take a leisurely pace, you ride up top in the open air, and you get to experience a vital part of desert life today. :::::::Tillaberi Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Tillaberi is located on the road from Niamey to Gao. Most travelers stopping here are probably hurrying from one to the other. There are not many reasons to stay longer than necessary here. The main attraction of the town is porbably the fact that on the river banks south of town you may find the last herd of giraffes living wild in the world. You will have to ask around to find out if they have been spotted recently at a short distance, they do roam quite a bit. Tillaberi is also one of Nigers biggest rice growing areas. Sunday is the market day and if you happen to pass by on that day it is worthwhile to stay and have a look. :::::::Zinder Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see photo Zinder was founded in the beginning of the 17-th century by Hausa tradesmen from Kano. In the 19-th century the city reached its peak. Situated on the trading route from Kano to Agadez , the city was a big trading center of the Hausa empire. When the French arrived, Zinder was their administrative center until 1926, when the capital was moved to Niamey . Zinder still is the second largest city of the country and has the best market of Niger - it is a very nice place to spend a few days. Highlights of the the city include the Birnin Quarter, the Zengou Quarter - where you can find some od the best examples of Hausa architecture anywhere in the world - the Grande Mosquee and the Sultan's Palace. With a bit of luck you can arrange a visit to the Sultan and even admire his Rolls Royce - the only one in Niger - or any of the other seven cars he owns. A nice place to relax in town is the Centre Cultural Franco-Nigerien (CCFN). Even if you don't speak French you can still enjoy the newly opened art gallery and the garden cafe. If you do speak French you can find lots of interesting reading in the spacious library. Zinder is a good stop on the way to or from Nigeria, the main road leads you directly to Kano (the nicest city in Nigeria). The road to Agadez is not completely finished. See the Getting There section for more details. |
| Questo articolo è rilasciato sotto i termini della
GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger Cronologia/Autori: http://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niger&action=history NigerDa Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.
Il Niger è uno Stato dell'Africa Occidentale, a sud dell'Algeria e della Libia, e a nord della Nigeria. Prende il suo nome dal fiume Niger. La sua capitale è Niamey. Non ha accesso al mare.
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DemografiaGli Hausa e i Djerma-Songhai rappresentano i due gruppi etnici più diffusi nel paese: i primi sono presenti anche nella Nigeria settentrionale, i secondi in alcune aree del Mali. Entrambe le etnie, insieme al popolo dei Gourmantche, sono stanziali, dedite all'agricoltura e vivono nelle regioni meridionali, le più fertili del Niger. La restante parte della popolazione è composta da tribù di allevatori nomadi o semi-nomadi: Fulani, Tuareg, Kanuri, Arabi, e Toubou. A causa della vorticosa crescita demografica e della conseguente competizione per le scarse risorse naturali disponibili, negli anni recenti si sono registrati alcuni scontri fra le tribù di agricoltori e quelle di allevatori. La mortalità infantile si mantiene su alti livelli, simili a quelli dei paesi confinanti. Inoltre, la mortalità dei bambini di età compresa fra uno e quattro anni di età è eccezionalmente elevata (248 su 1000) ed è dovuta all'alimentazione povera e alle precarie condizioni di salute. Ciononostante, il tasso di fertilità molto alto (7,2%) fa sì che quasi la metà (49%) degli abitanti del Niger abbia meno di 15 anni di età. Il tasso di scolarizzazione è del 50% (38% uomini, 27% donne). Un'ulteriore mezzo di diffusione della cultura è rappresentato dalle scuole coraniche.
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PoliticaInsieme a vari altri Stati, il Niger e' membro dell'Unione Monetaria dell'Africa Occidentale (UMOA-Union Monetaire Ouest Africaine) e con essi condivide una banca centrale (BCEAO) e una moneta, il Franco CFA (Communauté Financière Africaine).
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Suddivisione amministrativaIl Niger è suddiviso in 8 distretti, compreso quello della città capitale, Niamey, piuttosto differenziati per condizioni climatiche e di vita della popolazione. Questa è la lista (il numero degli abitanti è quello rilevato nel censimento del 2001):
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Collegamenti esterni
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