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Marrakesh Travel Guide
Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see
ryad dar najat for wonderfull stay in marrakech-owner-olivier behar on www.dar-najat.com

ryad dar najat for wonderfull stay in marrakech-owner-olivier behar on www.dar-najat.com

said
________Sights
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THE TANNERY

THE TANNERY

KATHERINE BOUCHER
Djemaa el Fna square, Now on UNESCO’s World Heritage list, the square hums and pulsates with mystery, magic, and possibility. By day, one feasts eyes and more on succulent dates, the freshest orange juice, alchemists, acrobats, plier-wielding “dentists.” At sunset, the carnival atmosphere comes alive, with food vendors setting up scrumptious specialties, while dancers, fortune-tellers, musicians, and snake charmers and take over the rest of the space.
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Graves and Cemeteries
Hotspots Landmarks
Palaces Parks, Gardens and Zoos
Squares

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[Add Sight]
Medersa Ben Youssef
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Some fine ornamentation here
Some fine ornamentation here
photo by: davidx

North from the Jma-l-Fna, a good walk through the souqs, is the Medersa Ben Youssef. It's not easy to miss, because it's the biggest building in the neighborhood. It is the best example of Merinid architecture in Marrakesh.
type: Landmarks
World66 rating: [rate it]
Bahia Palace
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This was the mansion of Si Ahmed ben Moussa, the vizier of Moulay Hassan. It was built as late as 1894. After his death in 1900 the palace was sacked. You can get guided tours to the palace.

The guided tour is not really worthwhile. The guides tend to talk to long about things which aren't really interesting.

However, if you only have time for one major building to look at cedarwood and stame tracery and mosaics, you might as well some here. Some of the sculpture and ornamentation is simply excellent. And it only costs 10 dirhams - slightly less more..
type: Landmarks
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Jma-l-Fna
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The Jma el Fna is where it all happens: snake charmers, acrobats, story tellers, small restaurants, fresh orange juice. It changes during the day, from a juice and nut selling area with additional entertainment in the morning to a more tourist oriented "side show" in the afternoon. It then becomes full of food stalls and entertainment for the evening and night.

Jma-l-Fna is great for a morning orange juice, an afternoon stroll or a dinner at night. It's a genuine 5* attraction at night & it's not done especially for tourists, most of it is 100% for Moroccans, by more..
type: Squares
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Yves St. Laurent Garden
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Majorelle Gardens are a must. This beautifully layed out garden was designed by The Yves St. Laurent himself. It is decorated with brighrt colors and VERY blue pots and vases.
However by Marrakech standards it's expensive - 30 dirhams entrance and that doesn't include enty to the Museum of islamic art. Of course if the owner needs this to ward off destitution - - -
type: Parks, Gardens and Zoos
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address: Yacoub El Mansour
The tanneries
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THE TANNERY
THE TANNERY
photo by: KATHERINE BOUCHER

I don't recommend this for everyone & I'm not sure I'd especially want to go there again for some time, if ever. But, for an experience of a life so different from our own & to assail your jaded traveller's senses with sights & smells of an intensity (mostly the smells!)which you won't forget in a hurry, just go!

Avoid being shaken down for lots of money by the "guides" & do not enter the kilim & handicraft showrooms unless you can be very assertive or you really do want something. I bought a kilim (well, two actually...it seemed like a good deal at the more..
type: Hotspots
World66 rating: [rate it]
address: Bab Debbagh, a gate in the East side of the city wall
openinghours: All day, give or take
casbah
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casbah


type: Palaces
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Saadian Tombs
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A unique example of Moroccan Saadian architecture. Very elaborately decorated rooms harbour tombs of saadian Sultans. There is a small passage way, in order to get in without setting foot inside of the Mosque. The gardens are lovely and the way the tombs are carved very beautifully.
type: Graves and Cemeteries
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Criee Berbere
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A small square just north of the Jma-l-Fna. Has lots of shops where they sell the stuff magig is done with. dead lizards and the likes. You can also find carpets here, they are sold in a small auction here at the end of the afternoon. It is not a cheap place to get your carpets. In earlier days slaves were sold in a quite identical manner.
type: Squares
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Badii Palace and minbar
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This was once known as 'the incomparable palace' and, although it is now a ruin, it certainly was something very special. It now seems to have a role as the stork centre for Marrakesh as a number were to be seen on the walls in November - and none anywhere else!

One feature that adds a whole 10 dirhams [less than €1!] to the cost is the 12th century minbar from the Koutoubia mosque. Its a sort of pulpit staircase with fabulous decorations in rare woods and ivory.

There is far more walking involved in seeing the whole palace than you would initially think
type: Palaces
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___________History
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Bahia Palace - Stucco Work

Bahia Palace - Stucco Work

Alik Shahaf
Founded in the 11th century, Marrakech was once the capital of an empire that stretched from Spain to Senegal. In days of old, Marrakech’s location on the crossroads of ancient caravan routes from Timbuktu made it a key destination for trade and reprieve for weary sub-Saharan traders carrying gold, salt and slaves bound for Europe. Today, Marrakesh is a reverberating collision of Africa and Europe, west and east, bohemia and high culture, Arab cities and Berber villages. Framed by the snow-capped Atlas mountains, thousand-year-old palm groves, and wrapped in faded red, ochre walls, Marrakech casts a magic spell. One’s senses are stimulated by the brilliantly colored spices, entrancing music, rich folds of carpets, delectable cuisine, whirling dervishes, intertwining tile geometries, perfumed gardens shimmering in still waters of reflecting pools.

________Practical Information
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Tourist information general

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BERBER TOURS
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BERBER TOURS: Berber Tours organizes custom itineraries for both small and large (max. 25 people) camel camping treks into the Sahara. Starting from either Zagora or M’hamid these camel treks can range from just a few, or up to 15 days in length and can encompass all of the Moroccan Sahara. Berber Tours will also organize for your pleasure Mule Treks in the High Atlas Mountains or custom itineraries of 4x4 camping tours into the Sahara. Sightseeing tour itineraries (max. 6 people per 4x4) by 4x4 are organized around Southern Morocco and more..
type: Tourist information
World66 rating: [rate it]
accessibility: VERY...we will pick you up and take you on a great adventure!
tel: (English) 212-42-44-67-92, (French/Spanish) 212-61-43-96-90
url: www.berbertours.net
address: Ave. Mohamed V, 45900 Zagora
email: berbertours24@yahoo.com
Hammam
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Rue Fatima Zohra in the old médina. Until 11 it's open for men after 11 for women.
type: general
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Railway Station
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Avenue Hassan II, Guéliz - Tel: 44.77.68 · Trains pour Casablanca
type: general
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Police
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Tel: 19
type: general
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Royal Air Maroc
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197, av. Mohammed V, Guéliz - Tel: 44.64.44 et 43.62.05
type: general
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Ibn Tofaïl Hospital
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Rue Abdelwahad Derraq, Guéliz - Tel: 43.00.11 Polyclinique Sud Hospital · Rue Ibn Aïcha, Guéliz - Tel: 44.79.99
type: general
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Emergencies
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Tel: 44.37.24
type: general
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Central Post Office
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Place du 16 novembre, Guéliz · Bureau auxiliaire, place Jemaa-el-Fna
type: general
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Fire Brigade
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Tel: 15 ou 43.04.15
type: general
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_________Getting Around
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Marrakesh is Bicycle capital of Morocco. You can rent them on the Jma-l-Fna, the big square. Don't expect the cars to really notice bikers.

The Medina and the souqs are best explored on foot. You now and then see a car or a motorbike trying to pass through the crowded streets, but this doesn't make sense.

If you want to go to the ville nouvelle, taxi's are easily found. There is a taxi stand near the Jma-l-Fna. When a train arrives it is sometimes hard to find a taxi.

Another good option is to take a horse cart (caleche). There is a stop near the Koutoubia tower, not far from the Jma-l-Fna. Bargain hard.

_________Getting There
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Marrakesh

Marrakesh

www.saharasoultravel.com
Marrakesh is the southern transport hub of Morocco. To the north trains are the best option. There are frequent and comfortable trains to Rabat, Casablanca and even all the way to Tangier.

To Essaouira there are frequent buses. To Asni and Ourika your best option is s shared taxi (grand taxi).

To the south the choice is between bus and grand taxi, the latter gives you a little more freedom of movement. To Ouarzazate there's only one route you can take (Tizi-n-Tichka), but to Agadir and Taroudant there are more passes across the atlas. I prefer the Tizi-n-test, but drivers may be unwilling to go this way.

[Add Global transport mode]
Sahara Soul Travel
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Marrakesh
Marrakesh
photo by: www.saharasoultravel.com

From the U.S., Royal Air Maroc offers direct flights from New York-JFK to Casablanca-CMN, with connection to major cities (Marrakech-RAK, etc.). Other airlines offer connecting flights through Europe. You might also try a consolidator.

From Europe and beyond, there are direct flights from major European cities to Casablanca, Marrakech, and other cities.

Within Morocco, Royal Air Maroc offers flights between major cities for approximately $100 each way.
type: By Air
World66 rating: [rate it]
tel: 1-800-799-3080 OR 1-646-643-1420
url: www.saharasoultravel.com
address: 157 West 79th Street, Suite 12C, New York, NY 10024 USA
email: info@saharasoultravel.com

___________A perfect day in
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Your first destination on your perfect day is the Jma'l Fna. You can have breakfast with croissants and coffee in one of the restaurants on all sides of the square, but be sure to buy your orange juice from one of the hundred stalls.

Now that your tummy is filled, you are ready for a journey into the Medina. The best way to explore is to just walk and not worry about getting lost. You will anyway, probably. But the major attraction of the whole thing is the walking around, seeing people work on their handicrafts and haggling with shopkeepers. Even if you get really lost, you will not miss those things.

You can walk for an hour or two through the winding streets, but then it is time to sit down and have tea. A good way to do this is go to a carpet shop and let them show you all the nice coloured carpets they have for Sale. The tea is on the house.

Now is the hard part. You have to try and go back to where you came from. the Jma'l Fna. You can do this in two ways. Either by trying to walk on and on, until you reach the end of the old city and then take a taxi, or by trying to go to the south with a compass. The square is at the south end of the Medina.

It's time for lunch. I suggest you just buy some bread & cheese and some juice or yoghurt and you have your lunch. If it is a hot perfect day, you might want to go and have a small siesta. If it isn't, we suggest you take a caleche (horse-drawn cart) to the Tombes Saadiens. In the garden you can relax. The architecture is stunning.

For the rest of the afternoon we suggest you go to the Rahba al Kedima and sit down in one of the stalls where they sell herbal medicine. Listen to all the nice stories the sellers tell you about the different spices.

It is getting late and you are heading back to the Jma'l Fna. More and more people are coming here. Eating stalls are put up, snake charmers, dancers and sooth-sayers are surrounded by interested spectators. Walk around at ease.

When you start feeling hungry, try one of the restaurants on the north side of the Jma with a terrace facing south. You have a beautiful view of the mountains, and on my perfect days a very nice sunset that makes the snowcapped mountians of the High Atlas turn a warm pink.

You must be exhausted by now! Have a coffee on the terrace and some Moroccan sweets and then take a cab back to your hotel.

___________Day Trips
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Day trip to Essaouira

Day trip to Essaouira

www.Morocco-Travel-Agency.com
Marrakesh is an ideal starting point to make daytrips to the Atlas mountains. Then best way to arrange for such a trip is to find a grand taxi. If you are a group of people it may even be affordable to have the grand taxi all to yourself and have it wait for you, while you explore the valleys of the Atlas.
On the other hand, if you are travelling alone a grand taxi may be a lot more expensive than a tour with something like Sahara Expeditions.

Contributors
November 17, 2007 change by davidx (1 point)

[Add Day Trip]
Excursions to Berber Villages
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The High Atlas mountains near Marrakesh are home to hundreds of small villages inhabited by the Berber people, the indigenous population of Morocco. Berber Adventures offers single and multi-day trips from Marrakesh to small villages in the High Atlas region. Travelers can experience Berber life and culture firsthand, visiting Berber homes and encountering the people face-to-face. To understand Moroccan culture in its entirety, these cultural excursions are a must.
World66 rating: [rate it]
tel: +212-72-37-26-68
url: berberadventures.com
address: BP ? 9653, Marrakech Medina, 40008
email: info@berberadventures.com
Day trip to Ourika Valley
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i_1

Welcome to ourika valley
we start a day at 9:am driving toward the atlas Mountains.
first stop is to visit the berber house and enjoy the the tea by the berbers way .
after the tea we visit of the Argan Oil corporation to let you know more information about the famous Argana tree ( Unique and exclusive in Morocco ) then we go for around 15 min camel ride .
after we go for hiking in the mountains to discover the more..
World66 rating: [rate it]
tel: 00212 67 53 45 08
url: www.bridge2morocco.net
address: Marrakech
email: contact@bridge2morocco.net
Mindy Prefling
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____________Nightlife and Entertainment
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Marrakech & Night Life

Marrakech & Night Life

www.Morocco-Travel-Agency.com
Traditional nightlife is centered around the Jma el Fna. For more modern nightlife head to Gueliz, the new part of town.

[Add Entertainment place]
Palais des Congrès
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Several bars and discotheques in one. But be prepared to pay the same as you would in France.
type: Discos & Clubs
World66 rating: [rate it]
address: Avenue de France
Mamounia Casino
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The Hôtel La Mamounia, has a Grand Casino, with roulette, craps and blackjack. Jacket is required. Entrance is free.
type: Casinos
World66 rating: [rate it]
address: Avenue Bab Jedid
tel: (04) 448 981
Es Saadi Hôtel
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It's no match for the Maimounia Casino if you are looking for style, but the drinks are cheaper here. Entrance free, jacket and tie required.
type: Casinos
World66 rating: [rate it]
address: Avenue Kadissa, Hivernage
tel: (04) 448 811
Le Churchill
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The bar of the Mamounia is named after one of the most famous guests of the hotel. The bar has a sumptuous Moorish and Art Deco interior.
type: Bars & Pubs
World66 rating: [rate it]
address: Av. Bab Jedid
Iceberg
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Iceberg is a popular place in Gueliz and one of the few bars which is not part of a hotel. cory: David Tapp: I can't really give Iceberg 4* overall. It's a small dark bar serving almost exclusively locals, with mint tea etc. It isn't in Gueliz but it is on Ave el Mouahadine, just south of the square Djemaa el Fna, in the medina area of the city. Ave el Mouahadine is a main street which runs into Ave Mohammed V & off West towards the Gueliz & Ville Nouvelle areas. The bar Iceberg is more or less opposite Hotel de Foucauld (which has a rooftop more..
type: Bars & Pubs
World66 rating: [rate it]
address: Avenue el Mouahadine
Hôtel de Foucauld
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Great rooftop bar. with really hot chefs that were charming!
type: Casinos
World66 rating: [rate it]
address: Av. El Mouahidine
Le Byblos
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i

Le Byblos is a discotheque. It is located in in Hotel N'fis on Avenue de France. LEANNE: VERY VERY VERY NICE + U CAN GET DRUNK QUICK CUZ THE MUSIC MAKES YOU HIGH***** LEANNE
type: Discos & Clubs
World66 rating: [rate it]
Pacha
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And what about Pacha? Pacha is amazing! What can I tell?

I lived in Morocco for about four months... and one of the top class entertainment was Pacha in Marrakesh! AMAZING!

It is big, with an amazing dance floor, good DJs, good sound system, wonderful bars, I could get my beer and other drinks really fast, although quite expense... One beer was like 10 euros... yes, expensive, compared for the rest of the lifestyle in Morocco... and yes, beer is expensive everywhere... but they are really good...

but back to Pacha.... Pacha has an amazing place... with two or more..
type: Clubs and dancing
World66 rating: [rate it]
ClosingTime: 5am
url: www.pacha.com
address: Marrakesh

__________Festivals
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Camel Festival

Camel Festival

www.Morocco-Travel-Agency.com

Here are a few festivals held in Marrakesh during the year.

Contributors
February 25, 2006 change by giorgio

[Add Festival]
The Marrakech Film Festival
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Having just wrapped its fifth year, the festival still lacks a solid identity. For one thing, it still hasn't settled on a date. It began in September 2001, each year it has hopscotched across the fall calendar, settling this year in November, just after Ramadan. But more importantly, it still doesn't know what it wants to be when it grows up. And yet it seems to want to be all things at once. Marrakech longs to generate the hype and glamour of Cannes, to support emerging talent like Sundance, to be taken as seriously by Hollywood as Toronto and to provide as unique and more..
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Date Festival
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Sugary dates play an important role in the Moroccan culture, and the annual Date Feast in Erfoud demonstrates exactly how highly they are regarded. Their sweetness makes them an ideal token of good luck, which is why they are a traditional gift at important ceremonies and an offering to friends or strangers. Erfoud is the centre of the date-producing area boasting more than one million date palms and is therefore the centre of festivities after the October harvest. Traditional processions, music, and folk dance form the bulk of the events, with plenty of opportunity to sample more..
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date: October
National Festival of Popular Arts
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The Festival of Popular Arts takes place in June and lasts for two weeks. It mainly takes place amid the ruins of the El Badi Palace. Traditionally, the festival is a showcase for the Moroccan arts and folk culture, with performances of Moroccan dance, Berber music and interpretations of Moroccan plays. Groups of musicians and dancers gather in the city from all regions of Morocco to show off their skills.
type: general
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Camel Festival Jul 2006/Tan Tan Road, Goulimine
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Camel Festival
Camel Festival
photo by: www.Morocco-Travel-Agency.com

The people of Goulimine hold the Camel Festival once a year on top of their weekly Camel Fair that takes place every Saturday....The festival also offers the opportunity to witness the ritual dance of the Guedra music.
World66 rating: [rate it]
tel: 212-925-6151
url: www.Morocco-Travel-Agency.com
address: 373 Broadway, B2
email: onlymorocco@yahoo.com
Tourist Fantasia
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A fantasia is a traditional Moroccan celebration with armed horsmen in full combat dress showing off their agility. Real fantasias are held when there is a Moulou or an occasion like the Fete du Throne. If you are not so luck as to be on the right spot at the right time, you can go and see a tourist fantasia.

From every tourist office or hotel you can arrange a complete package including the trip, a dinner, a (belly) dancing performance and a Fantasia. Prices are pretty flexible...
type: general
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Fete du Throne
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On the 3 of march the Fete du throne is celebrated. Often big Fantasias are held just outside of the city guides -better than the tourist ones- and bands perform on the Jma-l-Fna.
type: general
World66 rating: [rate it]

___________Things to do
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i
Every town, village, or imperial City in Morocco has its own claim to fame – its own past, fables, folklore, and people that made their unique contributions to what the country is today.
The high Atlas with it's snow-capped peaks, hidden valleys, and ancient Berber villages, have enticed hikers from all over the world. Now you can experience this extraordinary country in the best way possible - up close and personal.
Be prepared for an extraordinary journey!

In Morocco, two mountain chains Called The Rif and The Atlas, moving to the South where the desert lays with its golden clothes, the Wadi Dadès and Ziz form the heart of life, orchard, field, palm plantations, beastly remark their bank unroll a long Ruben fertile where the men make miracles. The desert always restarts where sand, wind and sun are linked to hug only the infinite.

www.moroccanviews.com



[Add Activity]
Hot Air Balloon in Morocco.
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Ciel d'Afrique's Balloon
Ciel d'Afrique's Balloon
photo by: Maurice Otin

Travel in a hot air balloon over the glorius heights of Morocco. To find out more visit www.cieldafrique.info.

Take a relaxing flight up in the sky in a hot air balloon, looking over the breath taking views of Morocco. Fly over the wide open tranquil deserts and the small local villages while travelling through the sky in a realxed and peaceful manner. This fantastic activity is available to any one with a sense of adventure and an interest in the magnificient culture that Morocco has to offer. An opportunity not to be missed.


type: Ballooning
World66 rating: [rate it]
tel: +212 24 43 28 43
url: www.cieldafrique.info
address: P.O Box 7333 Sidi Abbad-Marrakesh.
email: contact@cieldafrique.info
:::::::::::Amizmiz Travel Guide
Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see

Amizmiz (?????? AMZ-meez) is a small town in Morocco approximately 55 kilometers south of Marrakech. It lies at the foot of the High Atlas mountain range.

Its population consists mainly of Berbers of Chleuh origin who speak the Tashelhiyt dialect. Its weekly souk every Tuesday is well-known in the area.

Part or or all of this text stems from the original article at: http://wikitravel.org/en/Amizmiz
__________Things to do
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As a travel destination, Amizmiz is most important because of its connection to the Berber culture of the High Atlas mountains. Therefore, the most important things you'll see and do around Amizmiz involve the Berber people, the indigenous inhabitants of Morocco. Their unique culture, history, and language make them an essential element of Morocco.

[Add Activity]
Weekly Market (Souk)
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Weekly Market: Without doubt, if you can manage to get to Amizmiz on a Tuesday, you'll have the chance to see the weekly market ("souk" in Arabic). Here you'll a wide variety of people selling their goods: Berbers from the mountain villages and also local vendors as well. Nothing has a set price (except fresh food and produce), so be prepared to argue over prices.
type: Other
World66 rating: [rate it]
url: berberadventures.com
email: info@berberadventures.com
Visit Berber Villages
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Up into the hills, there are numerous small Berber villages that are worth visiting if you have the chance. Many of these still do not have running water or electricity, and you make see small children hauling huge plastic containers of water to their homes on donkeys. The people are incredibly hospitable and generous. There are different outfits that will help you get to some of these villages. Berber Adventures offers day trips or more extended hikes into the mountains. You'll be able to stay in Berber homes and experience Berber village life.
type: Other
World66 rating: [rate it]
url: berberadventures.com
email: info@berberadventures.com
http://www.paesionline.it/hotel_alberghi_marrakesh.asp
*****ES SAADI Marrakesh - AVENUE QUADISSIA
212 (4) 448811
*****IMPERIAL BORJ Marrakesh - QUARTIER HIVERNAGE
212 (4) 447322
*****SAFIR Marrakesh - AVENUE DU PRESIDENT KENNEDY 212 (4) 447400
****ATLAS ASNI Marrakesh - AVENUE DE FRANCE 212 (4) 447051
****CHEMS Marrakesh - AVENUE HOMANE EL FETOUAKI 212 (4) 444813
***OUDAYA Marrakesh - MOHAMED BEQUAL 212 (4) 447109
***SMARA Marrakesh - BOULEVARD MOHAMED ZERKTOUNI 212 (4) 434150
***SAHARA INN Marrakesh - ROUTE DE CASABLANCA, SEMLALIA 212 (4) 434388
**GALLIA Marrakesh - 30 RUE DE LA RECETTE, MEDINA
212 (4) 445913

http://www.paesionline.it/villaggi_residence_marrakesh.asp
******PALMERAIE GOLF PALACE Marrakesh - LE JARDINS DE LA PALMERAIE 212 (4) 301010
******LA MAMOUNIA Marrakesh - AVENUE BAB DJEDID
Questo articolo è rilasciato sotto i termini della GNU Free Documentation License
Esso utilizza materiale tratto da  http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marrakech
Cronologia/Autori:  http://it.wikipedia.org/=Marrakech&action=history Marrakech

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Geografia

Marrakech (in arabo Marrākūsh) è situata al centro-sud del Marocco, considerato escludendo l'area del Sahara occidentale, a circa 150 km dalla costa dell'oceano atlantico.
Abbastanza vicina alle montagne dell'Alto e del Medio Atlante, in linea d'aria dista circa 50 km dal massiccio del Djebel Toubkal (4165 m), la cima più elevata del Marocco.

È praticamente la tappa obbligata per accedere alla Valle del Dades

 

Storia

Si ritiene che Marrakech venne fondata all'inizio della dinastia almoravide, fra il 1062 ed il 1070, da Yūsuf ibn Tāshfīn; un importante capo militare che, dopo aver conquistato il nord del Marocco, occupò al-Andalus dopo aver sconfitto i re cristiani in Spagna.

Agli Almoravidi seguì la dinastia almohade e, nel 1184 salì al trono Ya‘qūb al-Mansūr, il terzo discendente della dinastia, che arricchì la città di opere importanti, facendo erigere la nuova Kasbah e l'imponente moschea detta Kutubiyya. La sua corte fu frequentata da poeti e filosofi fra i quali Ibn Rushd (più noto come Averroè).

I regni almoravide e almohade durarono circa 2 secoli ed attorno al 1220 la città fu saccheggiata, distrutta e quindi ricostruita finché, all'inizio del XVI secolo passò alla dinastia dei Sa‘didi i quali ridettero impulso alla città. Risale a questo periodo la costruzione del palazzo al-Badi come pure i mausolei delle tombe Sa‘didi.

A questo periodo seguì la dinastia alawita il secondo discendente della quale, Mulay Ismā‘īl, in seguito ad un conflitto fra le dinastie, ebbe il sopravvento e rase al suolo la città ad eccezione delle tombe sa‘didi, quindi scelse Meknes come capitale. Da quel periodo ai giorni nostri non vi furono grossi avvenimenti nella storia della città e Marrakech rimase una città imperiale, importante come base meridionale per controllare le tribù berbere.

Tra il XVII ed il XIX secolo la città perse molta della sua importanza commerciale che riacquistò alla fine dell'800 e che durò fin oltre l'arrivo dei Francesi. A partire dall'indipendenza da questi, Marrakech si è ingrandita notevolmente anche a causa della consistente migrazione di Marocchini provenienti dall'Atlante.

Al giorno d'oggi Marrakech conta circa 1.460.000 abitanti ed è senz'altro la città più nota del Marocco e seconda a Casablanca per le attività commerciali.

 

La città

A Marrakech si individua la città vecchia, la medina, racchiusa entro le mura, ad ovest della quale è sorta la città nuova.

 
 

la piazza Djemaa el Fnaa di giorno

 

Jama‘a el-Fnaa

È la piazza attorno alla quale si sviluppa la città vecchia e potrebbe essere considerata il centro vitale (e assolutamente caratteristico) di Marrakech. Al centro della medina, confina a nord con il quartiere dei suq e ad est con la Kasbah, mentre da sud-ovest è dominata dalla moschea della Kutubiyya.

Non è nota l'origine di questa piazza né, con certezza, l'origine del nome che potrebbe significare l'assemblea del defunto'" come pure la "'moschea del nulla (jama‘a significa sia moschea sia assemblea). In realtà entrambe queste differenti etimologie sono plausibili: se da un lato la piazza faceva parte di un progetto sa‘dide (mai concluso) relativo all'edificazione di una moschea, dall'altro nei secoli passati la piazza fu sede di esecuzioni capitali.

L'aspetto della piazza cambia durante la giornata: di mattina e pomeriggio è sede di un vasto mercato all'aperto, con bancarelle che vendono le merci più svariate (dalle stoffe ai datteri, alle spremute d'arancia, alle uova di struzzo etc.) e da "professionisti" dediti alle attività più svariate: le decorazioni con l'henne, i cavadenti, suonatori, incantatori di serpenti etc.
Verso sera le bancarelle si ritirano e subentrano banchetti con tavole e panche per mangiare cibi preparati al momento e, più tardi, arrivano musicanti e cantastorie.

Solo poche di queste attività sono indirizzate ai turisti (più che altro gli incantatori di serpenti, i saltimbanchi ed i venditori d'acqua): la piazza è molto vissuta soprattutto dai Marocchini stessi mentre i venditori di souvenir per turisti sono allineati lungo il lato nord, dove iniziano i suq (mercati coperti, sempre ad uso dei marocchini più che per i turisti).

 
 

Marrakech: La Koutoubia

 

La Kutubiyya

La moschea della Kutubiyya è sovrastata dal ben più appariscente omonimo minareto: alto quasi settanta metri, è il minareto più antico (e completo) delle tre torri almohadi che ci sono giunte, insuieme alla Giralda di Siviglia e la torre Hassan a Rabat.

Probabilmente i lavori iniziarono attorno al 1150, poco dopo che fu subentrata la dinastia almohade, e vennero completati dal sultano Ya‘qūb al-Mansūr (1184-1199).
L'architettura è tipica marocchina, del periodo almohade: con decorazioni e fregi di maiolica bianca, turchese e blu ed arabeschi scolpiti, differenti sui quattro lati. Un tempo l'intonaco dipinto e le decorazioni a zellij coprivano tutta la superficie del minareto mentre oggi le piastrelle sono quasi scomparse.

 

I suq e la medina alta

 
 

Medersa (madrasa) Ben Youssef (Ibn Yūsuf)
Decorazioni, viste da una celletta

La zona a nord della piazza Jema‘a al-Fnaa è occupata dai suq: mercati coperti che si articolano su numerose viuzze e piazzette, ciascuna delle quali è dedicata ad attività specifiche: venditori di pelli, lana, calderai, gioiellieri, tintori etc. I souk si stendono fino alla Moschea di Ben Youssef ed alla vicina medersa omonima.

La medersa di Ben Youssef (madrasa Ibn Yūsuf) è aperta al pubblico ed è particolarmente interessante: si svolge attorno ad una corte centrale e la costruzione comprende numerose stanzette per gli studenti che vi abitavano e vi studiavano il Corano. La costruzione risale al XIV secolo e venne fondata dal sultano Abū al-Hasan, della dinastia dei Merinidi, e venne quasi completamente ricostruita durante il periodo sa‘dide.

Il cortile centrale è contornato su due lati da gallerie, sopra le quali si aprono le finestre delle cellette degli studenti. Sul lato di fondo si trova la sala della preghiera, riccamente decorata da stucchi ed intagli. Artistiche decorazioni ed intagli su pannelli di legno di cedro sono visibili tutto attorno al cortile e sopra le gallerie.

Alcuni dettagli della medersa ricordano l'Alhambra di Granada e pare che architetti spagnoli, musulmani, parteciparono alla costruzione.

 

Le Tombe Sa‘didi e la medina bassa

Questa zona comprende l'area a sud di Jema‘a al-Fnaa, delimitata ad est dalle mura ed estendendosi ad ovest fino a comprendere il Mella (un tempo il ghetto ebreo), ad ovest della Dār al-Makhzen (il Palazzo Reale).

Entrando dalla porta detta Bāb Agnau, l'unica rimasta risalente alla dinastia almohade, si incontra la moschea della Kasbah, risalente al medesimo periodo della Kutubiyya. Il minareto di questa moschea è stato restaurato negli anni '60 sulla base del minareto originale e presso la moschea si apre uno stretto passaggio che conduce alle Tombe Sa‘didi.

 
 

Decorazione di stucco ad arabeschi

 

 

Mausoleo

Le Tombe Sa‘didi formano un complesso funerario le cui strutture furono fatte costruire dal Sultano Ahmad al-Mansūr. Eccettuati alcuni sepolcri antecedenti il periodo sa‘dide, la maggior parte di essi risale al 1557 e, pertanto, le tombe sono pressoché contemporanee alla Medersa Ben Youssef. Questo complesso venne "riscoperto" solo nel 1917, in condizioni di totale abbandono. Restaurate, sono divenute uno dei (pochi) monumenti veramente notevoli di Marrakech, sovraccariche di decorazioni in stucco e piastrelle zellij.

Probabilmente le tombe si salvarono dalle distruzioni e dai saccheggi di Mulay Ismā‘īl poiché erano accessibili unicamente dalla moschea della Kasbah attraverso un passaggio nascosto.

Le Tombe comprendono essenzialmente due grandiosi mausolei, dove si trovano le tombe di al-Mansūr e dei suoi figli, di sua madre Lalla Messaūda e di Mohammed al-Shaykh, il fondatore della dinastia sa‘dide. Nell'oratorio si trovano invece numerosi sepolcri di altri principi sa‘didi e la tomba di Mulay Yazīd.

In questo complesso furono inoltre tumulate diverse autorità di Marrakech fino al 1792, terminando con la sepoltura del sultano Mulay Yazīd, per un totale di oltre cento sepolture (66 delle quali all'interno dei mausolei).

A sud della moschea e delle Tombe Sa‘didi si estende la Kasbah: l'antica cittadella, costituita da un caratteristico intrico di stradine e di abitazioni private.

Ad ovest delle Tombe Sa‘didi si trova il complesso del Palazzo Reale, che termina a nord con i resti del Palazzo al-Badi. Del Palazzo al-Badi non rimangono altro che rovine che, tuttavia, danno un'idea della grandiosità del palazzo: con cortili lunghi 130 m (e larghi quasi altrettanto) ed una piscina di circa 90 m, un tempo ricco di decorazioni zellij delle quali rimangono solo tracce.

Alle spalle del Palazzo reale si stende il Mellah, l'antico ghetto ebreo risalente al 1558. Questo quartiere nel XVI secolo era letteralmente una città nella città, con suq, giardini e sinagoghe. Al giorno d'oggi è popolato quasi esclusivamente da musulmani, essendo la maggior parte degli ebrei trasferitasi a Casablanca od in Francia od Israele.

Collegamenti esterni