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| Letteratura Africana | Islam | Cristianesimo | Arabic Literature |
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| Libia |
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| Libia, Africa La Libia, conosciuta anche come Repubblica Araba Libia Popolare e Socialista, é un Paese del Nord Africa, situato nella regione del Maghreb, che conta con sei milioni di abitanti circa, la cui maggiornaza vive nella capitale Tripoli. Geograficamente la Libia confina con il Mar Mediterraneo a nord, con il Niger a sud-ovest, con il Chad al sud, con la Tunisia e l' Algeria ad ovest e con l' Egitto ad est. |
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| La Libia é un paese musulmano, islamico, e proprio per questa ragione sappia
che se decide passare le sue vacanze in Libia, non si trovera di fronte la
tipica destinazione turistica a cui siamo abituati: vivrá un viaggio diverso
e stimolante, con molte cose da fare e da vedere, un'avventura da vivere. In Libia non é permesso consumare bevande alcoliche ed anche se le restrizioni nel modo di vestire della donna non sono cosí eccessive come in altri paesi arabi, la forma di vestire occidentale non é del tutto ben vista. La Libia é un paese con piú di 100 km di costa dove poter godere delle belle acque del Mediteraneo e con varie atrazioni come il Deserto del Sahara o le famose spiagge di Bengasi, paradiso degli sport acquatici. |
| La Libia é anche un paese che vuole fare del turismo una importante fonte di
guadagno per la sua economia ed é proprio per questa ragione che negli
ultimi anni si sono messi in moto vari progetti per la costruzione di Hotel
ed appartamenti dove poter ospitare i visitanti ed i turisti di goni dove. Caricando dati... Sport 1 Offerte in lista di un totale di 1 » vedere tutto Club de Vela de Benghazi Club de Vela de Benghazi [Piú informazioni] Caricando dati... Spiagge 4 Offerte in lista di un totale di 5 » vedere tutto Farwa Island - Tripoli Farwa Island - Tripoli [Piú informazioni] Telil beaches - Tabratha Telil beaches - Tabratha [Piú informazioni] Eljabel Elakhdar - Tripoli Eljabel Elakhdar - Tripoli [Piú informazioni] Elkhoms - Zliten - Misurata Elkhoms - Zliten - Misurata [Piú informazioni] Libia ______Ghadames, Libia, África Ghadames, Ghadamés o Ghadamis es una ciudad dividida en dos partes, la antigua y la moderna, es una ciudad libia de poco más de 15,000 habitantes cuya ciudad más cercana, Der., se encuentra a más de 100 kilómetros. La mayor atracción de Ghadamés se encuentra en un lago de agua salada que se ubica a unos 20 kilómetros de esta ciudad en el oeste de Libia. ___________Libia, África Libia, también conocida como la República Árabe Libia Popular y Socialista, es un país del norte de África, del Magreb, que cuenta con unos seis millones de habitantes de los que dos viven en su capital, Trípoli. Geográficamente limita con el Mar mediterráneo al norte, con Níger al suroeste, con Chad al sur, con Túnes y Argelia al oeste y con Egipto al este. Libia es un país musulmán, islámico, es por ello que si decide pasar sus vacaciones en Libia, sepa que no está en un destino turístico tradicional, es un viaje distinto, donde encontrará numerosas cosas que hacer, cientos de cosas que ver, y una aventura para vivir. En Libia no está permitido el consumo de alcohol, y aunque las vestimentas en relación a la mujer no son tan radicales como en otros países musulmanes, la ropa occidental no está del todo bien vista, aunque los propios libios, los jóvenes, visten de forma más occidental, si bien no dejan mucho a la vista. Libia es un país con más de 1000 kilómetros de costa, donde poder disfrutar de las aguas del Mediterráneo, y con varios atractivos como el Desierto del Sáhara o las playas de Bengasi, donde se pueden practicar numerosos deportes acuáticos. Libia también es un país que quiere que el turismo sea una importante fuente de ingresos, es por ello que cerca de Trípoli, o en su frontera con Egipto están en marcha importantes proyectos para la construcción de hoteles y de apartamentos donde poder alojarse. _______Cosas que hacer y cosas que ver en Libia, África Libia es un país del Norte de África donde encontramos cientos de cosas que ver, y muchas cosas que hacer. Para empezar, Libia es un país donde encontramos parte del Desierto más grande del Mundo, el Desierto del Sáhara, donde podemos ver dunas como los Erg o visitar zonas rocosas como las Hamada. Además, Libia cuenta con kilométricas playas vírgenes, de arena dorada, bañadas por el Mediterráneo, de bolos, de grava, recorriendo su litoral, además de sus playas vírgenes podemos visitar pequeñas aldeas pesqueras del norte del continente africano. Además, Libia es Naturaleza, con seis parques nacionales, cada cual de ellos más interesante, ciudades como Tripoli, como Benghazi, como Ghaldames muestran sus encantos al turista, tanto culturales como ociosos. ***Festival folklórico internacional de Ghadames, Libia El festival folklórico internacional de Ghadames es una de las citas que no puede perderse en Libia, se trata de una semana de fiesta en la que el arte y la artesanía local se dan cita en esta ciudad del interior de Libia. Este festival folklórico en Libia es un festival de carácter anual. ****Ir a la Playa, Libia Sepa que ir a la playa en Libia es ir a la playa en ciudades como Tripoli o Benghazi, las dos grandes ciudades del país, y las dos grandes ciudades donde se concentran las mejores playas. Antes de ir a la playa en Libia, informese sobre las costumbres de la playa, recuerde que en Libia está en un país musulmán. ****Recorrer Leptis Magna, Libia Leptis Magna es sin duda alguna el sello, la impronta, la obra maestra de la cultura cartaginesa en Libia, y que más tarde se convirtió en el enclave romano más importante de la zona. Fue una Urbe romana de más de 100,000 habitantes. El emperador Septimo Severo nació en esta ciudad romana en Libia, y ese fue uno de los motivos por el cual Leptis Magna creció tanto durante los siglos II y III, época del mandato de Severo. ***Subir a una Duna Erg, Libia Los Erg son dunas que se forman en el desierto de Libia por la abrasión de las rocas provenientes de la zona calificada como Hamada, o zona más pedregosa. Las dunas Erg son impresionantes, y el resultado de siglos y siglos de erosión de agua y viento, así como de los contrastes de temperaturas típicos del clima de Libia. No se pierda la oportunidad de subir a una duna Erg durante su estancia en Libia. ***Visitar el Parque Nacional de Kouf, Libia El Parque Nacional de Kouf se encuentra en la zona de Wadi Kouf, un área de Libia con numerosos hoteles donde alojarse. Es un Parque Natural con categoría de Parque Nacional desde 1979. Este paraje protegida en Libia se extiende por 1000 kilómetros cuadrados y en el Parque Nacional de Kouf podemos encontrar serpientes, aves, tortugas, lagartos.... ***Visitar las ruinas de Sabratha, Libia Las Ruinas de Sabratha, Libia, son Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO, se trata de unas ruínas de origen fenicio, aunque con posterioridad fue ocupada por griegos y romanos. Sabratha se ubica al oeste de Libia, cerca de Tripoli. Desde 1982 las ruinas de Sabratha cuentan con la distinción de ser Patrimonio de la Humanidad. ***Visitar el Sáhara, Libia El Desierto del Sáhara se extiende por más de media docena de países del Magreb y del norte de África, es por ello que visitar el Sáhara, el Desierto más grande del mundo puede ser una interesante actividad durante sus vacaciones en Libia. Visite el Sáhara con más de 10 kilómetros cuadrados de dunas, de Erg o de Hamada, con zonas de densa arena, zonas de oasis, de piedras... el desierto de Libia le ofrece todo para su espíritu aventurero. ****Visite Tripoli, Libia Tripoli es la capital de Libia, ciudad comercial, financiera y centro político administrativo del país. Pero además, Tripoli tiene encanto... Recorrer Tripoli durante sus vacaciones en la capital libia es un consejo y una excelente sugerencia, puede iniciar su recorrido cultural por Tripoli en el Castillo Rojo Assai al-Haura, después visitar el Museo Jamahiriya y la por último la Medina, estas nombradas son visitas imprescindibles. ___________Deportes, Libia, África Las playas de Bengasi son las más destacadas a la hora de practicar deportes acuáticos o náuticos, si bien alrededor de esta ciudad, al igual que alrededor de la ciudad de Trípoli, la capital de Libia, se pueden desarrollar otras actividades como el golf, montar a caballo o el tenis. Deportes al aire libre en Libia ______Desierto del Sáhara, Libia, Norte de África Desierto del Sahara o Sáhara, es el nombre que recibe el Desierto más grande del mundo, con casi 10 millones de kilómetros cuadrados y que se ubica en el norte de África, concretamente en la delimitación que marcan países como Marruecos, Argelia, Libia, Mauritania, Sahara Occidental, Egipto y Chad. Este desierto también limita con el Mediterráneo, el Atlántico y el Mar Rojo. El Desierto del Sahara es un símbolo de Libia y del mundo árabe, sus dunas se adentran en un continente en muchas zonas inexplorado, con zonas secas y zonas algo más tropicales, no en vano son 10 millones de kilómetros cuadrados los que posee, así como unos 5 millones de oasis. Arena, dunas, grava… son los componentes del Desierto del Sáhara, que ofrece una forma de turismo para los amantes de la aventura. Es un desierto que puede recorrerse en dromedario o todo terreno y un paisaje natural en el que se han filmado cientos de películas. ***Dunas del Erg, Libia, Desierto del Sahara Dentro del Desierto del Sáhara debemos destacar las dunas del Erg, una zona de dunas del desierto que se contrapone a Hamada, que es la zona empedrada del Sáhara. El Erg no es sino la Duna que se forma tras la erosión siglo tras siglo que los elementos arrastrados por las corrientes desde las montañas. La abrasión de las rocas, el viento, son los fenómenos que forman las grandes dunas del Erg, dunas de arena que se concentran en los paralelos 20 y 40 de los hemisferios sur y norte, en nuestro caso en Libia. ***Hamada, Desierto del Sáhara, Libia Una Hamada es la zona pedregosa de un desierto, es el contrapunto de los erg, que son de arena y sistemas dunares que se mueve en función del viento por el Sáhara. La Hamada está hecha de roca y grava, y en el Desierto de Libia conforma la antítesis de los erg _________Historia, Libia, África La historia de Libia se remonta prácticamente a los tiempos del Antiguo Egipto, cuando mercenarios libios eran contratados por el país de las pirámides, varios siglos antes de Cristo. Después siglos de guerras con bizantinos, árabes y otomanos, y ya en el Siglo XX la ocupación italiana, culminada en 1951 con la independencia de Libia de Italia. Antes de Cristo Antes de Cristo Libia era un país con una alta población de mercenarios que eran contratados por Egipto para sus guerras, una situación que se repitió con Anibal Barca y su imperio cartaginés, quien también contó con los libios como mercenarios para su ejército. Estos soldados libios fueron un talón de Aquiles en el ejercito cartaginés que se adentró en la actual Europa por los Alpes. Poco más tarde, los griegos y los fenicios ocuparon la costa Libia, más tarde fueron los romanos. Libye fue el nombre con el que los griegos bautizaron este país. Imperio Romano, Bizantino, árabes y otomanos Los vándalos, los Gensericos, los bizantinos, los árabes y los otomanos pasaron por Libia, si bien los que ocuparon la zona con más fuerza y los que tuvieron un verdadero asentamiento fueron los romanos en los primeros siglos de nuestra era. Historia Siglo XX Ya en el Siglo XX, concretamente en los años previos a la I Guerra Mundial, en 1912, Libia fue invadida por Italia, una vez que otras potencias europeas, como Inglaterra o Alemania habían pasado de largo. Este dominio italiano duró hasta la caída de Mussolini y el fin de la II Guerra Mundial, concretamente en 1951. El 24 de diciembre del citado año Libia consiguió su independencia de Italia tras 39 años de colonización. La Segunda Guerra Mundial en Libia tuvo su máximo apogeo con las batallas entre alemanes e ingleses. El Rey Isdris fue el primer monarca libio, y el país fue el primero en independizarse de toda la África colonial. Libia es un país que se rige por la Democracia directa, y Muammar El Gaddafi es el actual presidente del país, quien implantó el sistema de democracia directa, política de masas, o soberanía popular, que consiste en dar el poder y la toma de decisiones al pueblo. No obstante, la presunta ayuda del país a grupos radicales fue motivo para que Estados Unidos, con el fallecido Ronald Reagan de presidente, bombardeara Trípoli y Bengasi, las dos ciudades más importantes y pobladas del país. A finales del Siglo XX, unos atentados ocurridos en dos aviones, uno en el Reino unido y otro en África, son relacionados con Gaddafi, por lo que EEUU, Gran Bretaña y Francia adoptan la medida de aislar el país. Actualidad En Marzo de 2001, durante una ceremonia que tuvo lugar en la ciudad de Syrte, se funda la Unión Africana, o UA. En 2003, Libia se responsabiliza de los ataques terroristas a los aviones y se llegan a acuerdos de indemnización. Se levanta el bloqueo. _____________Información de Interés, Libia, África En esta sección le facilitaremos alguna información que puede ser de su interés durante sus vacaciones en Libia. Información útil como teléfonos de interés que pueden servirle antes, durante y después de las vacaciones en Libia; como llegar hasta Tripoli, la capital del país, y como moverse por el mismo; datos de interés del país; información sobre el clima de Libia... También en esta sección le hablaremos de cuestiones tan interesantes como las fiestas y costumbres de Libia, así como de su economía, basada en el petróleo pero con un claro interés por impulsar el turismo. _________Como llegar a Libia, África Antes de plantearse como llegar a Libia, tenga en cuenta algunas cosas básicas, como la documentación necesaria para entrar en el país, el visado necesario para su estancia, la moneda que va a usar… a partir de ahí, sepa que desde Europa puede llegar a Libia bien en barco o bien en avión. La ciudad más importante de Libia es su capital, Trípoli. Las tasas para entrar en el país oscilan entre los 50 y los 150 dólares. Trípoli cuenta con un Aeropuerto Internacional, el más grande del país, con vuelos diarios a las principales ciudades europeas. También se puede llegar a Libia conduciendo desde Túnez, sobretodo si su destino es Trípoli o algún otro punto del oeste libio. En Barco puede llegar desde Malta. _________Datos de Interés, Libia, África Bajo estas líneas le facilitamos algunos datos para su interés e información sobre Libia… Nombre Libia o República Arabe Libia Popular y Socialista Población 6 millones de habitantes. El 33% viven en Trípoli, capital del país. Ubicación Zona del Magreb. Norte de África. Gentilicio libio/a Capital Tripoli Moneda Dinar Libio Documentación necesaria Pasaporte. Visado vigente. Idioma Árabe, Italiano. Costas 1,700 kilómetros de playa. Religión Islám Economía Petróleo. El turismo está en proceso creciente. Ciudades más importantes Trípoli Ghadames Tobruk Bengasi Syrte _________Fiestas y Costumbres, Libia, África Libia es un país que vive con gran intensidad sus fiestas populares, sus tradiciones, sobretodo dirigidas a la música y a la danza. Música árabe, con ritmos de tambores y flautas. No obstante, tiene sus costumbres que no debemos olvidar si decidimos pasar nuestras vacaciones en Libia. Las mujeres en Libia se visten con el llamado barracano, un traje largo de la cabeza a los pies, que sólo deja entrever un ojo, si bien la gente joven viste con ropa más occidentalizada, no obstante, la cultura predominante es la musulmana, por lo que aconsejamos que se informen bien sobre los costumbres de Libia antes de viajar. Las fiestas de Libia son las del Islam, si bien debemos destacar fiestas locales como el 2 de marzo se celebra el día de Jamahiriya, el 11 de junio la evacuación de las bases militares extranjeras, el 1 de septiembre el día de la Revolución, el día del Duelo que se celebra el 26 de octubre y que constituye un homenaje a los libios asesinados por Italia. Pero sin duda alguna, si hay algo que no puede perderse, es el Festival de Ghaldames, un festival folklórico internacional que se celebra año tras año y que es una de las citas turísticas más importantes de Libia. Es una explosión de arte en la ciudad. ________Teléfonos de Interés, Libia, África A continuación le facilitamos algunos teléfonos que podrían ser de su interés durante su estancia en Libia... Cargando datos ... Teléfonos de Interés 1 - 1 de 1 Oficina de Información Turística de Libia Oficina de Información Turística de Libia ((21) 333 6452/7576/8062) Información turística. Cosas que hacer. Donde ir. Ciudades que visitar. [Ver más] _________Playas, Libia, África Las playas de Libia son playas mediterráneas, desérticas, playas en su mayoría aisladas del mundanal ruido, desde la frontera con Túnez al oeste hasta la frontera este con Egipto. Las playas de Libia están consideradas como las más amplias, bonitas, y espectaculares playas de todo el Magreb. Benghazi, Trípoli, Homs, Tobruk… son ciudades perfectas para la práctica de actividades náuticas, si bien la playa más recomendable de Libia, o las playas más recomendables, son las de Benghazi y alrededores. Sus playas entierran un aroma de tranquilidad, de relax, aún no han sido explotadas turísticamente hablando, tal vez porque de momento, en Libia, las mujeres musulmanas tienen que ir a la playa con todos sus atuendos, y porque las occidentales tienen que ir con bañadores largos, sin que esté permitido el bikini o mucho menos el topless. Libia está cambiando, pero es un proceso lento. Hoy en día por ejemplo, Libia es un país que no mira mal a la mujer occidental cuando esta va por la calle vestida de forma occidental, si bien hay que tener cuidado, ya que puede sentar mal unos atuendos que dejen ver mucho cuerpo. En la playa estamos ante el mismo caso. Si hablamos de las playas de Libia, debemos destacar, sobretodo, las playas de Benghazi. Destacar que las playas urbanas, tanto de Trípoli como de Bengazi son las más populares y concurridas durante el verano. Bajo estas líneas algunas playas más destacadas de la costa de Libia... Playas 1 - 5 de 5 Telil beaches - Tabratha Telil beaches - Tabratha Una de las playas más importantes de Libia. [Ver más] Farwa Island - Tripoli Farwa Island - Tripoli [Ver más] Elkhoms - Zliten - Misurata Elkhoms - Zliten - Misurata Están consideradas las mejores playas de Tripoli y de la costa mediterránea de Libia. [Ver más] Eljabel Elakhdar - Tripoli Eljabel Elakhdar - Tripoli Zona de extensas playas de arena dorada y rocas cercana a la ciudad de Tripoli. [Ver más] Playa de Ras Alteen Playa de Ras Alteen Playa de arena blanca y de aguas cristalinas. Se puede practicar submarinismo o snorkell. [Ver más] __________Principales ciudades de Libia, África Dos son las ciudades más importantes de Libia, Tripoli, la capital del país y Bengasi, la segunda mayor ciudad. Ambas poseen más del 50% de la población total del país, que se divide en 25 municipalidades. Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Bengasi, Darnah, Ghadames, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Syrte, Trípoli, Tarhunah, Tobruk, Nafran y Zlitan. Debemos distinguir aquí que de estas ciudades, independientemente de si están en el exterior o en el interior de Libia, encontramos reclamos turísticos, como Ghadames, localidad de interior, o como Trípoli o Bengasi. De ellos, además de Trípoli, la capital, hay que destacar a Bengasi, ciudad que sufrió el bombardeo americano de Libia en 1986; Galdamés, donde se encuentra el lago de agua salada, Syrte, donde se han firmado importantes acuerdos… y el puerto de Tobruk. |
| Thanks to
http://www.world66.com/ *********************The content is published under a creative commons licence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0 / ). |
| Libya Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Qaser El Haj Qaser El Haj Sami Zaptia Until recently Libya was very hard to get to due to political restictions, but now the country is slowly opening up to tourism. Libya has quite some potential. It is just a few hours south from mass tourist destinations in Tunisia. It has some great Roman sights in Leptis magna, Sabratha, Shahhat etc. It also has lots of desert with unique old desert cities such as Ghat Ghadhames and numerous castles. Also numerous mountains and desert lakes off Sebha down the Wadi al Haya valley (Valley of Life) such as Umm Al Maa, Mandara and Gaber Oun lake lakes etc. Germa is about halfway between Sebha and Ubari |
| __________Sights Edit This Qaser El Haj Qaser El Haj Sami Zaptia Fortified Granaries at Qaser el/al Haj, in the Jabal Al Gharbee (Western mountains) region of Libya are about 150 km south of the capital Tripoli and are set at 221 metres (728 feet) high. The Qaser (Qasr/Gaser/Gasser) or FORT has about 114 rooms for the storage of grain and about 30 for storing olive oil, each belonging to one family. ______Getting There Edit This Libya does not sound like an every day tourist destination, and it's not. That, however, does not mean that that you shouldn't go! Quite the contrary, Libya has marvellous monuments dating back to Roman and Greek times, good souqs and lots of great desert for you to explore. The capital Tripoli is well worth a visit as well. The people are very friendly and curious. You might want to avoid discussing sensitive political topics. One warning however, it is not always easy to get visa for Libya. See Libya/Visa. ________Economy Edit This Economy—overview: The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector which contributes practically all export earnings and about one-third of GDP. Per capita GDP is the highest in Africa at $6 700 but disproportionately little of national income flows down to the lower orders of society. GDP growth fluctuates sharply in response to changes in the world oil market; GDP has either contracted or grown very sluggishly since 1992. Import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to periodic shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors which account for about 20% of GDP have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals iron steel and aluminum. Although agriculture accounts for only 5% of GDP it employs 18% of the labor force. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit farm output and Libya imports about 75% of its food requirements. The UN sanctions imposed in April 1992 do not have a major impact on the economy although they have increased transaction and transportation costs. GDP: purchasing power parity—$38 billion (1997 est.) GDP—real growth rate: 0.5% (1997 est.) GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity—$6 700 (1997 est.) GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 5% industry: 55% services: 40% (1996 est.) Inflation rate—consumer price index: 30% (1997 est.) Labor force: total: 1 million by occupation: industry 31% services 27% government 24% agriculture 18% note: 3% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.) Unemployment rate: 25% (1997 est.) Budget: revenues: $10.4 billion expenditures: $10.3 billion including capital expenditures of $2.5 billion (1995 est.) Industries: petroleum food processing textiles handicrafts cement Industrial production growth rate: NA% Electricity—capacity: 4.6 million kW (1995) Electricity—production: 17 billion kWh (1995) Electricity—consumption per capita: 3 239 kWh (1995) Agriculture—products: wheat barley olives dates citrus vegetables peanuts; meat eggs Exports: total value: $9 billion (f.o.b. 1995) commodities: crude oil refined petroleum products natural gas partners: Italy Germany Spain France Turkey Greece Egypt Imports: total value: $6.2 billion (f.o.b. 1995) commodities: machinery transport equipment food manufactured goods partners: Italy Germany UK France Spain Turkey Tunisia Eastern Europe Debt—external: $2.6 billion excluding military debt (1995 est.) Economic aid: $NA Currency: 1 Libyan dinar (LD) = 1 000 dirhams Exchange rates: Libyan dinars (LD) per US$1—0.3902 (January 1998) 0.3891 (1997) 0.3651 (1996) 0.3532 (1995) 0.3596 (1994) 0.3250 (1993) Fiscal year: calendar year __________People Edit This Population: 5 690 727 (July 1998 est.) note: includes 144 363 non-nationals (July 1998 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 48% (male 1 399 354; female 1 351 442) 15-64 years: 49% (male 1 412 067; female 1 361 372) 65 years and over: 3% (male 81 711; female 84 781) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 3.68% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 43.95 births/1 000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 7.15 deaths/1 000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1 000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 55.81 deaths/1 000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 65.44 years male: 63.21 years female: 67.78 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.18 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Libyan(s) adjective: Libyan Ethnic groups: Berber and Arab 97% Greeks Maltese Italians Egyptians Pakistanis Turks Indians Tunisians Religions: Sunni Muslim 97% Languages: Arabic Italian English all are widely understood in the major cities Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 76.2% male: 87.9% female: 63% (1995 est.) _________Beaches Edit This Tileel beach, Sabrata Tileel beach, Sabrata Sami Zaptia Tileel public beach is about 11 km west of Sabrata. You turn right off the main coastal road after the petrol station and bus shelter onto an asphalt road. There is a sign up at the beach for a major holiday complex by a foreign company. And once you are on the beach you can see why. The poweder-fine sand and pristine clean water with its beautiful shades of blue could be on any international holiday hotspot - not Libya. The sand is so fine and compact that we were able to drive on it right upto the water - as the locals often do. If you are visiting the ruins os Sabrata as your agent to take you there for a quick dip. :::::::::Al Qatrun Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see photo Al Gatrun, little more than a desert village with one filling station and a Niger consulate is your last stop on your way to Niger or to Chad. Mohammed Tager of the Wadi Alhikma Travel & Tourism Agency (Tel/Fax: 0735-2901) runs a camping ground in the old Italian Fort which is very nice. Mohammed organisea guides for Chad ($600) or Niger ($400). It is possible to do it yourself however. Go to Tajarhi, 80km south of Gatrun to wait there for the convoys. One warning: conoys are not very regular. Most of the traffic consists of Niger-bound smugglers passing through at night. ::::::::Apollonia Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see The Eastern Church The Eastern Church Jan Mahieu The city of Apollonia(now Susa)was 1000 years long the harbour of Cyrene and also one of the 5 cities of the Pentapolis.The city was build by the Greek.What you can see today remains mostly from the Byzantine era(5th-6th century AD) Part or or all of this text stems from the original article at: Jan Mahieu :::::::::Awjila Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Inside the masjed (mosque ) Inside the masjed (mosque ) CEE MKA Awjila also written as Awjilah, Aujila, Augila, Aoudjila is an historic oasis deep in the Libyan desert about 260 kilometers south of Agedabia . From Awjila the the road leads to Jalo and Kufra. Not so long ago Awjila was the capital of the large surrounding region because of its unique location of being at the crossroads of caravans moving along the east west north africa route and the north south coast to africa route. It has the oldest masjed (mosque) in the western north african region with its unique style of architecture with rooms that are naturally conditioned . In the scorching heat of the summer days the rooms are cool and at night they are warm. The building materials are made from the soil and the palm tree branches which make up an excellent heat insulator. Awjila is a unique ethnic community as the people are of Berber ( Amazigh ) origions. They have their own distinct Berber language but Arabic is the dominant language and Islam is the only religion. The main activities of the people in Awjila are agriculture and working for the oil sector companies as this area is the cradle of Libyan wealth. The main crops are dates from the many verities of palm trees, tomatoes, and cereals. Recently Awjila aquired an extra importance as it will be the best and most convenient site for viewing the sun eclipse on march 29 2006. More about Awjila will be added later on including some photos. :::::::::::Benghazi Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see new cornish new cornish Benghazi is the capital of the east of Libya, a part of the country that has more Middle-East atmosphere, whereas the West is a real Maghreb-country. Located on the Gulf of Sidra Benghazi (pop. 650 000) is a pretty city filled with parks lakes and fewer ’70s-era concrete buildings than you’ll find in Tripoli. The main sights in the city include the Al Muntazah Park, the Zoo, the Al Funduq Market and the large archaeological area. The city also has nice beaches and an old-city section housing banks, government buildings, hotels and other commercial enterprises.The nearby Jebel Akhdar region is a good region for hikes but has been off limits for tourists, due to security problems. :::::::::::Cyrene Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see The Sanctuary of Apollo The Sanctuary of Apollo Jan Mahieu The ancient city of cyrene is situated in the eastern part of Libya . The city was named in honour of the mythological Greek nymph Kurana. The city was founded in the 7 th century BC by Geek settlers from Thera. They were led by Battus chosen for the task by the oracle of Apollo at Delphi . Cyrene is one of the 5 cities of the Pentapolis (5 cities). Part or or all of this text stems from the original article at: Jan Mahieu ::::::::Germa Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see The Roman Theatre, Sabrata Libya The Roman Theatre, Sabrata Libya Sami Zaptia Germa is the place to come to for a visit to the ruins of Garama, the ancient city of the Garamantians, built around the 1st century AD. It is one of the most important archaeological sites in all of Libya. The city floursihed between 900 BC to 500 AD was the dominate culture of the region and Ancient Garama was the capital. There is a good museum, burial sites in the hils of Zinchecra. __________Beaches Edit This Tileel beach is about 11 km west of Sabratha. Its beautiful powder-fine white sand and clear water is equal to any beach on the world's bathing hotspots. :::::::::Ghadhames Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see ghadhames ghadhames ghadhames Ghadhames is one of the nicest places to visit. The traditional desert architecture make it an interesting stop. The beauty of the nearby region make it an ideal trip form Triploi either just for getting some taste of the desert or on the way further south, to Sebha and then on to Niger. This traditional oasis village was once the southernmost outpost of the Roman Empire. In some ways Ghadhames still marks the southern limit of civilization before the terrain is taken over by the sands of the Sahara. 230 mi/370 km southwest of Tripoli. Our activities are; typically, based on complying with the basic principles of tourism. We endeavour to be included within its goals. However, the most important matter is to satisfy the tourist's or customer's need at the present time. To that effect, we have been concerned with having the competent staff to meet any body's need with ambition of obtaining the recognized service, due to the fleet of desert cars, land transport means, camping equipment it owns. Also we have representatives at the airports and hotels for booking and reservation at the airlines companies, visas and hotel reservations. Our service is characterized with organizing on camel trip across the desert as customer's request as well as heritage folkloric artistic concerts and tourists' festivals. Also, as we know, there are several festivals made in Libya such as " Ghat festival for Tourism, Murzuq Festival for Tourism and Daraj Tourism … etc". We are interested to have the tourist present at such events. We are fully ready to deliver the tourist to the sites of tourists' attraction featuring with non-paralleled importance for the tourist which include natural milestones, deserts lakes and heritage villages. Also, it meets the adventurer's and athlete's needs for traveling through desert crossing paths as well as the explorer having curiosity in scientific and cultural research such as camera people and explorers Part or or all of this text stems from the original article at: www.desertakakus.com ____________Sights Edit This [Add Sight] Big Mosque Edit This D'jmaa al-Kabir, or in plain english big mosque is one of the sights in the old town. The minaret can be climbed and offers an excellent view over the town. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] The House Museums Edit This Near the western entrance to the old town, the House Museum is an old merchant's house with its original furnishings and decorations kept intact. It's a nice place to look around, although the word museum in the traditional sense does not actually apply to this house. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] Slave Market Edit This The square of the Mulberry is the old slave market, it is near the Big Mosque. Ghadhames was an important town on the trade route from black Africa to the Maghreb. Gold, salt and slaves traded hands in the desert. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] _______Guides Edit This Here are a few addresses of guides. If you have any experience with them (good / bad) or know other reliable ones, please let us know. [Add New] Inezwa Tourism and Services Edit This mahamoud aka mahamoud aka photo by: desert libya Mr. HASHEM HAMOUDA MANAGER - GHADAMES - LIBYA fax: 00218-484-2962 00218-21-605027 office: 00218-21-8484 - 2962 type: general World66 rating: [rate it] ::::::::::Ghirian Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Inside a Troglodyte room, Ghirian Inside a Troglodyte room, Ghirian Sami Zaptia Ghirian is a town set in the Jabal Al Gharbi (Western Mountains) about 100 km south of the capital Tripoli. It is famous for its pottery-making and Troglodyte homes (homes dug about 10 metres deep into the rocky ground). ::::::::: Idehan Murzuq (Murzuq Sand Sea) Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Dunes of the Idehan Murzuq Dunes of the Idehan Murzuq Howard Banwell The astonishing Saharan sand sea of Idehan Murzuq rises dramatically from the plateau of Wadi Berjuj. This is a place of astounding, glorious, breathtaking natural beauty; picture the most spectacular landscape of sand dunes you can imagine – this is it, and yet so much more! The Murzuq consists of wave upon wave of extravagantly shaped dunes, some as high as 200-300 meters, which span 35,000 square kilometers, or roughly the size of Switzerland. With the sun low in the sky the twilight bathes each angled dune face with its own soft, subtle hue, playing tricks of distance and perspective on your eyes. If you see nothing else of interest during a visit to Libya, these few moments would make the whole trip worthwhile. Idehan Murzuq is about 250km south-west of Sebha, and perhaps 1,000km south of Tripoli. It can be reached only with a reliable 4WD vehicle. ::::::::: Idehan Ubari (Ubari Sand Sea) Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Lake Gebraoun, before dusk Lake Gebraoun, before dusk Howard Banwell Idehan Ubari (the Ubari Sand Sea) is another enormous expanse of sand that is similar in size to Idehan Murzuq – it stretches almost to Ghadhames, 500km to the northwest. It seems to have a different topology to Murzuq, with vast panoramas of smaller dunes rolling like the waves in a Hokusai print, but it is every bit as breathtaking. In the late afternoon sun, the shades of colour change constantly depending on the angle of the light and the shape of the dunes. Some 50km up Wadi Gebraoun is the area of the Ubari Lakes, their beautiful stretches of water surrounded by reeds, date palms and tamarisk trees nestling under high ridges of sand. Sunrise in Gebraoun is stunning – cool, with translucent blue dawn skies, and nothing in motion except perhaps a lone brown crow flapping along the top of a dune as you wait for the sun to rise over the distant water lying amidst its palm trees in the valley below. The most usual start point for exploring the Ubari desert area and the lakes is Tekerkiba, a couple of hours drive along the Wadi Al-Hayat from Sebha which is 800km south of Tripoli. There are daily flights to Sebha from the capital, or it is a full day's drive. Part or or all of this text stems from the original article at: http://www.pbase.com/howardbanwell/ubari :::::::: Jalu Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Jalu or Jalo is a small oasis inhibited by around 14500 people, it is about 400 Km to the south of Benghazi in the way to Kufra. Jalu is one of the most important oases in Libya , it is surrounded by oil fields and it is well known of producing High quality dates and tomato It used to be the distention of the caravans coming north from Kufra. Ivory and ostrich feathers from Wadai and Darfur come to Jalu to be forwarded either eastward to Egypt or northward to Benghazi this was during 19 century and the beginning to 20 century. ::::::::: Jebel Akhdar Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see jabal akhthar jabal akhthar barghathi The Jebel Akhdar, or "Green Mountain" is the hilly region near Benghazi. For the last couple of years the region has been somehwat unsafe due to small groups of people trying to fight the regime. Thier attempts have not really posed a threat so far, but did make this region of limits. :::::::Kufra Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see From Airplane From Airplane ???????? Kufra is as far away as you can get in Libya. It's reported that nothing has been done to meet the tourist's needs. With reservations: There are no hotels here. Kufra is an oasis based on enormous underground water reservoirs. While it once was started large expansion schemes for the region, the economy in it has made the Libyan governments turn to the unique Great Man-Made River. Great Man-Made River is going to bring water through pipelines from Kufra to the coastal areas. Only a strong economy as the Libyan could afford a plan like this, but the whole thing seems to become far more expensive than once planned. Kufr is also the starting point for a Sahara crossing to Chad to Ounianga. This is not an easy trip, and I have not heard of anyone doing it recently, but it is supposed to be possible. ::::::::::::Leptis magna Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see The Theatre The Theatre Jan Mahieu Even those who have no interest in ruins will be impressed by the Roman remians you can find at Leptis Magna. The setting is impressive as well: overlooking the Mediterranean. The city was the birthplace of Emperor Septimius Severus. Leptis first gained importance 2000 years ago during the reign of the Roman emperors Augustus and Tiberius. Be sure to visit at least the Baths of Hadrian, the Basilica of Septimius Severus, the Forum and the Arch of Triumph. It is best to do Leptis as a daytrip from Tripoli.Otherwise try to find accommodation in Homs nearby, where there is not much of interets, but where there are some hotels. :::::::Misurata Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see misurata_goz-elteek-hotel misurata_goz-elteek-hotel Osama Misurata City is situated on the location of an old trade centers that the Phoenicians founded in the tenth century BC . It is some 200 km East of Tripoli and 825 km west of Benghazi. Misurata city is the third largest of the Libyan cities with a population of 300,000. ::::::::Nalut Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see libia libia Nalut sity The old town of Nalut is situated at the western end of the Jebel Nafusa close to the Tunisian border. The city is very famous for its Berber granary. From the top of the qasr you have a marvellous sight over the mountains and plains of the Jebel Nafusa. Part or or all of this text stems from the original article at: Jan Mahieu :::::::::::Ptolemais Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see The city of Ptolemais was founded in the 4th century BC and was one of the 5 cities of the Pentapolis. Only a small part of the city has been excavated. Part or or all of this text stems from the original article at: Jan Mahieu :::::::Qaser El Haj Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Qaser El Haj Qaser El Haj Sami Zaptia The fortified Granary at Qaser el Haj, in the Jabal Al Gharbee (Western mountains) region of Libya is about 150 km south of Tripoli and 222 metres (728 feet) high. It has 114 (based on the number of Surahs or chapters in the Koran) store rooms for grain and about 30 rooms for storing olive oil. Part or or all of this text stems from the original article at: Sami Zaptia's personal visit ::::::::::Qasr Libya Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Qasr Libya is a small place about 45 km west of Al Bayda and 59 km east of Al-Marj. Part or or all of this text stems from the original article at: Jan Mahieu ::::::Sabratha Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see photo Abduladim Settled in the late 5th/early 6th century BC by the Phoenicians, Sabrata's development as a Roman city began in the latter half of the 1st century AD. It reached its zenith in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, particularly during the reign of Septimus Severus, who was born in nearby Leptis Magna . Much of the city was destroyed by earthquakes during the 4th century, particularly that which took place in 365 AD. A rebuilding programme followed but the city was now to occupy a much smaller area. The Vandals ruled in the 5th century but they were expelled under the Emperor Justinian and further building projects took place in the Byzantine era. Sabrata was to survive for a hundred years following the Arab invasion of the mid 7th century AD. The most spectacular site in Sabrata is the Theatre, probably built during the reign of the Emperor Commodus (161-192 AD), with its three-storey backdrop of columns. Other monuments and areas of interest include the Temple of Liber Pater , the Basilica of Justinian, the Mosaics of the House of Jason Magnus, the Capitolium, the Temple of Serapis, the Temple of Hercules and the Temple of Isis. :::::::::Sebha Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Desert outside Sebha Desert outside Sebha Howard Banwell Sebha is the largest settlement in the whole of Libya not on the Mediterranean coastal strip. It is a hell-hole of a place of some 100,000 souls, many of whom are immigrants from all over northern Africa. It has a 'frontier-town' feel to it and is said to run along tribal lines with each ethnic or tribal community controlling its own area. It has a large army garrison, but neither the army nor the police intervene in most areas of town, allowing tribal leaders or gang bosses to mete out their own form of rough justice. Garbage and sand pile up in the wind-blown, pot-holed streets which are lined with decaying tenement blocks and small, depressing shopping malls plastered with peeling advertising signs. Ugliness permeates the whole place: this is about as bad as it gets. The Funduq al-Mehari, supposedly the most expensive in town, is almost as bad as its sad, sorry surroundings. You are quite likely to be served rotten chicken for dinner, and do battle in your room with a leaking seat-less lavatory, an ancient rattling air-conditioner, and electric wiring that will have you convinced the hotel will be burned to the ground before morning. If you have no other option (to be strongly recommended), Sebha does offer a base to explore the Fezzan region and serves a stop on your way to Chad and Niger. If you have not organised your desert trip before arriving here (again, strongly recommended), you will be able to arrange some formalities. Ask around. Sebha is 800km south of Tripoli, and a good day's drive from Ghadhames. There are daily flights from the capital. The town's main attraction must be its connection to Gadhafi. Here you find the school he attended. It's said that it's here his political awakening started. Even if the school now is in normal use, looking in from outside, will give you the glimpses you need. Eating is not as much of a problem as sometimes reported. There are enough places to eat here for you to change your place every day through a weeks stay. Within reach of Sebha you can (with a 4WD) access the Ramlat Dawada (Idehan Ubari), Idehan Murzuq, and Acacus Desert areas. ____________Tours and Excursions Edit This tours in sabha [Add New] Sea & Sesert tours Edit This please visit our web site World66 rating: [rate it] tel: 002 010 1380612 url: www.sea-desert.com address: Tripoli email: yasser@sea-desert.com :::::::::Taghmah Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Part of Taghmah this photo was taken from the new Masjed Looking South Part of Taghmah this photo was taken from the new Masjed Looking South Hakeem Taghmah is locating at 2221 feet above sea level and 70 miles south of Tripoli. Taghmah is beautiful small Berber town part of Yafran County (Baladiyat Yafran) ::::::::::Tobruk Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Tobruk WWII cemetry Tobruk WWII cemetry Abu Samiha Tobruk also written as Tubruk is located further east along the libyan coastline near the egyptian border. The city is located on a peninsula with a stratigical harbor and a port for exporting oil. The stratical location of the city gave it an historical reputation when Tobruk was the theatre of operations and the battle field for world war II. The british and german cemetries bare witness to this fact and they are the main tourist attractions. :::::::::: Tripoli Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Souk Alturk Souk Alturk MK Tripoli, the capital of Libya, is well worth a visit. Although the oil boom has produced quite a few ugly buildings, the jumbled streets of the old town still offer a taste of Tripoli’s ancient charm. The city sites include a few museums, the Gurji Mosque and a U.S. Army cemetery that dates from World War II. Spend some time walking along the harbor to see the Roman Arch of Marcus Aurelius (AD 163) the Turk and Al Mushir suqs. There are also some excellent beaches just outside the city. Great Roman ruins can be visited as day trips, include Sabratha and Leptis magna. :::::::::::::Wadi Al-Hayat Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Desert outside Sebha Desert outside Sebha Howard Banwell Bordered by the majestic sand dunes of the Idehan Ubari to the north, and the Idehan Murzuq to the south, the Wadi al-Hayat is one of the largest and most fertile valleys in the Libyan Sahara, and is up to 12 km wide in places. Scattered along the oasis are villages and small towns surrounded by fields, market gardens and camel grazing, and the remains of Garamantian tombs around 2,000 years old. ::::::::: Wadi Matkhandoush Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Dunes of Idehan Murzuq Dunes of Idehan Murzuq Howard Banwell The route to Wadi Matkhandoush lies south of Germa, about four hours by 4WD. At first you drive at up to 100kph or more over a flat plateau of gravelly sand which brings you to Wadi Berjuj, an extremely wide sandy valley alive with vegetation and herds of grazing camels. Once you pass the control point in the middle of nowhere which checks your Acacus Desert permit, you climb up on to a gravel ridge for more high-speed driving, before dropping down halfway along Wadi Matkhandoush, over several kilometers of large, uneven black stones that slow you to a crawl. The wadi itself may be barren and bone dry, or abundantly green and full of water if it has rained in the previous couple of weeks. On one side of the wadi runs a bluff of desert-varnished sandstone, and the whole 12km stretch is home to petroglyphs (rock carvings), some of which have been dated to 10,000BC, with many between six and eight thousand years old. Wild animals such as elephant, giraffe, hippo and crocodile are depicted, as well as domestic cattle and some formless human bodies dating to a later period. You will see no camel carvings here which may seem strange until you discover that the camel was only introduced to the Sahara around 200BC. Germa is two hours driving from Sebha along the Wadi Al-Hayat. Further south from Wadi Matkhandoush lies Idehan Murzuq. |
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GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libia Cronologia/Autori: http://it.wikipedia.org/=Libia&action=history Libia Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.
La Grande Jamahiriya Araba di Libia Popolare e Socialista o semplicemente Libia (in Arabo: ليبيا) è uno stato del Nordafrica confinante con il Mar Mediterraneo e compreso tra l'Egitto ad est, il Sudan a sudest, il Ciad e il Niger a sud e l'Algeria e la Tunisia ad ovest. La sua capitale è Tripoli.
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StoriaLe prime tracce nella storia libica vengono lasciate da una serie di insediamenti Fenici, poi assorbiti da Cartagine nel VI secolo avanti Cristo insieme a tutta la fascia costiera: l'interno, desertico e, praticamente, privo di risorse, viene lasciato a sé stesso dai cartaginesi ed un secolo dopo (V secolo A.C.), sorge, nel Fezzan, l'impero Garamanti. Dopo la definitiva conquista (e distruzione) romana di Cartagine nel 146 A.C., la Libia nord-occidentale entra a far parte del dominio romano e, poco più tardi, viene costituita come provincia col nome di Tripolitania. Circa trent'anni dopo, nel 74 A.C., le legioni romane conquistano la Cirenaica ma la loro avanzata verso Sud viene fermata dai Garamanti. Dopo la caduta dell'impero romano i Vandali, provenienti dalla Spagna, occupano la Libia nel 455, per venirne scacciati due secoli dopo dagli arabi del nascente impero musulmano. La dominazione musulmana dura fino al 1146 quando la Libia viene conquistata dai Normanni di Sicilia. La dominazione normanna dura fino al 1521, quando l'impero ottomano arriva a lambire la Libia nordorientale che vi si sottomette, sia pure solo nominalmente: ma, trent'anni dopo, la sottomissione formale è diventata annessione per tutta la Libia. Nel 1711 sorge a Tripoli la dinastia dei Karamanli, plenipotenziari del Sultano, che prosperano proteggendo le attività dei pirati, che facevano base nel porto di Tripoli, e favorendo attivamente il commercio degli schiavi destinati alle colonie americane. Ma l'attività corsara nel Mediterraneo irrita sempre di più le potenze europee, ed alla fine le pressioni sull'impero ottomano perché abolisca il commercio di schiavi e combatta la pirateria hanno effetto: nel 1835 il Sultano della Sublime Porta rimuove i Karamanli dall'incarico di suoi rappresentanti. Pochi anni dopo, nel 1843 Mohammed Ibn Ali s-Sanussiy, capo di un importante movimento religioso, si stabilisce in Cirenaica e fa proseliti in tutta la Libia. È contro questo movimento che nel 1911, dopo la vittoriosa Guerra Italo-Turca, si scontra la colonizzazione italiana della Libia, che per vent'anni deve combattere la resistenza organizzata dai Sanussi. Questo periodo di lotta tra Italiani e Libici per il possesso della Libia è passato alla storia come "Riconquista". Il regno italiano sulla Libia dura fino alla caduta del paese in mani alleate nel 1943. Divenuta indipendente come monarchia parlamentare nel 1951, sotto re Idris, la Libia entra nella Lega Araba nel 1953 e nell'ONU nel 1955. Sei anni dopo (1961) inizia l'estrazione del petrolio libico. Nel 1969 un colpo di stato contro il re Idris, ordito da giovani ufficiali, ha successo: il governo provvisorio è presieduto da Muammar Gheddafi che resterà a capo del paese da quel momento in poi fino ad oggi; il nuovo governo nazionalizza tutte le imprese di estrazione petrolifera, nonché tutti i possedimenti italiani in Libia.
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GeografiaCirca il 90% del territorio libico è desertico o semidesertico: le uniche estensioni verdi sono lungo la fascia costiera, dove il clima è mediterraneo e dove è concentrato il 90% della popolazione. I rilievi della catena dell'Atlante separano la linea di territorio verde dall'interno desertico del paese, che è essenzialmente pianeggiante, con dune di sabbia, depressioni ed occasionali zone rocciose.
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Demografia
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LinguaParlata anche la lingua berbera, ma senza alcun riconoscimento ufficiale (soprattutto nel Gebel Nefusa, a Zuara sulla costa e in vari centri dell'interno come Ghat, Ghadames, Sokna e Augila). La lingua italiana e quella inglese sono utilizzate a livello economico per i commerci.
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ReligioniMusulmani sunniti 97%, cristiani 3%.
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Personaggi italiani nativi della Libia
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Tripoli
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Bengasi
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Homs
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Voci correlate
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Collegamenti esterni
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