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Comoros Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see x Located in a strategic position at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel, the Comoros Islands once played a major role in a thriving world economy of the western Indian Ocean. Now they are a holiday paradise with great opportunities for diving, swimming and eco-tourism. The archipelago is the result of volcanic activity. The four major islands: Ngazidja the largest island with the capital city Moroni, Mwali, Nzwani and Mayotte - still part of France and also known as Maore, are of varying age with distinct topograhical characteristics. Mayotte, the oldest of the islands, is highly eroded with slow, meandering streams. Ngazidja, the youngest of the islands, is closest to Africa, has a massive volcano, and marked by fresh lava flows. In October, 2000, the volcano showed signs of increased seismic activity. The islands possess a variety of animal life with several species unique to the Comoros or rarely found elsewhere. The famous Coelacanth, a fish once thought to be extinct for millions of years, is found very much alive in Comorian waters. Livingstone's flying fox, a giant fruit bat with a wing span over four feet, is found nowhere else in the world. Several varieties of insects, including the butterfly pictured at left, and over a dozen species of birds are unique to the islands. Many of these species are now being threatened with extinction. ____________Economy Edit This Economy—overview: One of the world's poorest countries Comoros is made up of three islands that have inadequate transportation links a young and rapidly increasing population and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity high unemployment and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture including fishing hunting and forestry is the leading sector of the economy. It contributes 40% to GDP employs 80% of the labor force and provides most of the exports. The country is not self-sufficient in food production; rice the main staple accounts for the bulk of imports. The government is struggling to upgrade education and technical training to privatize commercial and industrial enterprises to improve health services to diversify exports to promote tourism and to reduce the high population growth rate. Continued foreign support is essential if the goal of 4% annual GDP growth is to be maintained in the late 1990s. GDP: purchasing power parity—$400 million (1997 est.) GDP—real growth rate: 3.5% (1997 est.) GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity—$685 (1997 est.) GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 40% industry: 14% services: 46% (1996 est.) Inflation rate—consumer price index: 3.5% (1996 est.) Labor force: total: 144 500 (1996 est.) by occupation: agriculture 80% government 3% Unemployment rate: 20% (1996 est.) Budget: revenues: $55 million expenditures: $71 million including capital expenditures of $15 million (1995 est.) Industries: tourism perfume distillation textiles furniture jewelry construction materials soft drinks Industrial production growth rate: -6.5% (1989 est.) Electricity—capacity: 9 750 kW (1996) Electricity—production: 31 million kWh (1996) Electricity—consumption per capita: 38 kWh (1996) Agriculture—products: vanilla cloves perfume essences copra coconuts bananas cassava (tapioca) Exports: total value: $11.4 million (f.o.b. 1996 est.) commodities: vanilla ylang-ylang cloves perfume oil copra partners: France 54% Germany 18% US 18% Imports: total value: $70 million (f.o.b. 1996 est.) commodities: rice and other foodstuffs consumer goods; petroleum products cement transport equipment partners: France 60% South Africa 10% Kenya 5% Singapore 4% Debt—external: $219 million (1996 est.) Economic aid: recipient: ODA $NA Currency: 1 Comoran franc (CF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Comoran francs (CF) per US$1—456.27 (January 1998) 437.75 (1997) 383.66 (1996) 374.36 (1995) 416.40 (1994) 283.16 (1993) note: beginning 12 January 1994 the Comoran franc was devalued to 75 per French franc from 50 per French franc at which it had been fixed since 1948 Fiscal year: calendar year ___________People Edit This Population: 545 528 (July 1998 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 43% (male 116 345; female 115 886) 15-64 years: 54% (male 146 655; female 150 612) 65 years and over: 3% (male 7 644; female 8 386) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 3.1% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 40.52 births/1 000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 9.52 deaths/1 000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1 000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 84.54 deaths/1 000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 60.36 years male: 57.95 years female: 62.84 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 5.48 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Comoran(s) adjective: Comoran Ethnic groups: Antalote Cafre Makoa Oimatsaha Sakalava Religions: Sunni Muslim 86% Roman Catholic 14% Languages: Arabic (official) French (official) Comoran (a blend of Swahili and Arabic) Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 57.3% male: 64.2% female: 50.4% (1995 est.) :::::::::Mayotte Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Mayotte is part of the archipelago of the Comoros but technically speaking it is part of France. The "l'île aux parfums", as the French call it is a Territorial collectivity. In 1974 the other islands of the Comores voted for independance but Mayotte prefered staying French. Mayotte consists of two islands, Grand Terre and Petite Terre. The capital is Dzaoudzi on Petite Terre. One of the most spectacular attractions of Mayotte is the fact that it has one of the biggest lagoons of the planet with a surface of more than 1000 sq. kilometer, protected by a barrier reef of over 160 km long. _________Getting There Edit This The simplest way to reach Mayotte is via Reunion. A number of airlines fly to Réunion from Paris, Marseille or Toulouse, with 4 to 5 flights a day according to season. Flight time from Paris to Réunion is 10 hours (direct) or 12 hours with scheduled stops. The cost of a round trip Paris/Réunion/Paris varies with the season. Low season, you can pick up a Paris/Réunion/Paris for as little as 4000F in economy class (Air France, AOM, Corsair, Air Liberté etc.). The Réunion/Mayotte link (2 hours) is operated entirely by Air Austral, and you have a baggage limit of 20kg. Mayotte itself is served by three airline companies: Air Austral, Air Madagascar and Comores Aviation. Air Austral offers a number of package deals: - Individual Excursion tariff, for around 2800F (valid 30 days) with one obligatory Saturday/Sunday night on the island. - Ylang-Ylang promotional tariff, for around 1800F (valid for certain specified flights only). There is also a youth (under 26) and seniors tariff (over 60) at 2700F and group rates by arrangement. At the time of writing there is a fuel surcharge of approximately 80F round trip. Finally, Air Austral offers you its Indian Ocean Pass, obtainable when booking in France, with a 5 to 8 coupon booklet, each coupon being a single flight, valid for 3 months on all Air Austral flights, and at least two coupons must be used between Réunion and Mauritius. 5 flight coupons = 2950F / 6 flights = 3700F / 7 flights = 4400F / 8 flights = 4900F These prices are not fixed and are given for information only. Check with your travel agent. ::::::::Ngazidja Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see x Referred to by the French as Grande Comore, Ngazidja is the most important of the Comoros and the site of Moroni, the capital city of the Republic. The island has an area of 442 square miles (1,146 square kilometers). The northern two-thirds of the island are dominated by a rocky plain known as La Grille. The southern third of the island is dominated by an active volcano, Karthala, which stands over 7700 feet (2361 meters) high. Karthala's crater is nearly a mile in diameter, making it the largest active crater in the world. Since 1857 there have been over a dozen eruptions with lava flows; the most extensive was that of 1918. The most recent serious eruption was in 1977. The island's over 200,000 inhabitants are predominantly descended from Arab and African ancestors. Agriculture on the island is generally limited to areas lower than 2,000 feet in altitude. Above this altitude is the remnants of a dense tropical forest (in the south) and an area of grassy plain (in the center and north). European sailing ships stopped for provisions at Ngazidja as early as 1570 when the island was ruled by 12 sultans. Although each was independent of the others, they generally recognized a principal sultan, whose rights and responsibilities were primarily conciliatory in inter-regional disputes, and accorded him or her the title of Sultan Thibe. There was frequent conflict over the right to use this title, especially after the Europeans appeared on the scene, as these latter generally assumed that the title indicated sovereignty over the entire island. The best documented of the conflicts between sultans is the long and complicated struggle between the rulers of the towns of Bambao and Itsandra during the nineteenth century. This eventually led to the establishment of a French protectorate over the island and the ceding of Ngazidja to France.