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	Chad

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Chad Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see MarketPlace Abeche MarketPlace Abeche Darcy Burbank Chad is a landlocked country in the Northern part of Africa. It is bordered by Sudan, Libya, Niger and Cameroon and the Central African Republic. The northern part of Chad is in the Sahara, the southern part is in the Sahel. Most of Chad is dry and arid. After its independance from France, Chad has had its fair share of turmoil. The capital Ndjamena, known as fort Lamy under the French, had once been one of the best places in the Sahel for nightlife, turned into a grim sort of place. Chad has managed to put that behind it. Still, not many travelers make it to Chad. And with some reason: Chad is not an easy country to visit. For people who are not afraid of some harsh traveling conditions, long distances and excessive heat, it does offer rewarding traveling. For more detailed information on necessary medical preparations, documentation, and hotel help, go to www.chadnow.com The best sight is probably the Tibesti mountains in Northern Chad. They are of extreme natural beauty but hardly within reach at present. The capital Ndjamena is the travel hub of the country and located on the banks of Lake chad. Chad can be part of a crossing the Sahara experience, but is is a bit off the beaten track. It is in principle accesible from Libya. Onward travel could take you to Niger or to Cameroon. See the section about crossing the sahara for more details about the possibilities. In any case check about the present situation before you set out. Part or or all of this text stems from the original article at: chadnow.com ________History Edit This i The Contemporary Attitudes institutions and problems of Chad are the outgrowth of historical traditions and tendencies that have evolved over more than 1 000 years. The country is populated by diverse yet in many cases interrelated peoples whose evolution was characterized by intersecting migrations splinterings and regroupings. Most of the country's population groups originated in areas generally north and east of Chad's present-day boundaries. Chad's geographic position along major trans-Saharan trade routes has also affected its historical development. In early times trade consisted of goods and slaves seized in raids on groups in the south. Consolidations of small chiefdoms led to the evolution of a series of kingdoms and empires in the central region of which the most important were Kanem-Borno Bagirmi and Wadai. The kingdoms and empires based their power on and were ultimately subjected to raids or the payment of tribute. Although there were early communities in both northern and southern Chad most of the country's known history is focused on the Muslim peoples of the central region. The political fortunes of the various kingdoms and empires were constantly affected by internal factionalism and external invasion- -factors that still influenced political affairs in the 1970s and 1980s. Political disintegration was evident in both Borno and Bagirmi when the French arrived in the late nineteenth century. The rulers of Wadai resisted the French advance. The leaders of Borno and Bagirmi however regarded the French less as conquerors than as a counterbalance to the ascendant Wadai. The French declared the central portion of the country officially pacified in 1924 and had begun administering much of the non-Muslim south before that. In many respects the nomadic northern groups have never been subjugated and turmoil in the north persisted in the 1980s. After 1905 the central and northern areas were administered as a territory in the federation of French Equatorial Africa (Afrique Equatoriale Française--AEF; see Glossary). French interest however focused on other territories in the federation and until after World War II the French presence had little impact on the life of the average inhabitant. The French limited implementation of their administrative policy primarily to urban areas and their compulsory agricultural programs to what constitutes the south of present-day Chad. Participation by the local population in the colonial administration was marginal and until the mid-1950s the educational opportunities prerequisite for such participation were practically nonexistent. After World War II representative institutions were introduced and the growth of party politics began. Political groupings reflected domestic political developments in France and traditional ethnic factionalism in Chad. Short-lived political coalitions and party splinterings were commonplace. When Chad achieved independence in 1960 southerners--the group most exposed to the French administrators--dominated political life. These southerners were led by President François Tombalbaye who made only halfhearted efforts at regional integration in government and who generally repressed opposition. Within five years of having taken office Tombalbaye's heavy-handed approach had alienated a large segment of the population especially northerners and easterners and had spurred rebellions. The most prominent of the northern rebel groups was the National Liberation Front of Chad (Front de Libération Nationale du Tchad--FROLINAT) an umbrella organization formed in 1966. Over the years FROLINAT went through a series of transformations and fragmentations. Nonetheless by the mid-1970s rebel activity in conjunction with Tombalbaye's political ineptitude helped bring about the government's downfall. Tombalbaye was killed in 1975 during a military coup d'état led by Félix Malloum. The new government however had no more success than its predecessor in halting rebel activity. In 1979 Hissein Habré a northern rebel leader ousted Malloum. Throughout the 1980s the quest for political control changed from a north-south struggle to a primarily northern intraregional conflict. The turmoil of the late 1970s and 1980s had international and domestic aspects as Libya France the United States and many African nations became involved in the Chadian imbroglio. By early 1988 stability had been restored but inter- and intraethnic differences as well as regional divisions continued to threaten Chad's progress toward national integration. __________Economy Edit This Economy—overview: Landlocked Chad's economic development suffers from it's geographic remoteness drought lack of infrastructure and political turmoil. About 85% of the population depends on agriculture including the herding of livestock. Of Africa's Francophone countries Chad benefited least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies in January 1994. Financial aid from the World Bank the African Development Fund and other sources is directed largely at the improvement of agriculture especially livestock production. Lack of financing however is stalling the development of a southern oil field and the construction of a proposed oil pipeline through Cameroon. GDP: purchasing power parity—$4.3 billion (1997 est.) GDP—real growth rate: 5.5% (1997 est.) GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity—$600 (1997 est.) GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: 48% industry: 19% services: 34% (1995) Inflation rate—consumer price index: 15% (1997 est.) Labor force: NA by occupation: agriculture 85% (subsistence farming herding and fishing) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $198 million expenditures: $218 million including capital expenditures of $146 million (1998 est.) Industries: cotton textiles meat packing beer brewing natron (sodium carbonate) soap cigarettes construction materials Industrial production growth rate: 5% (1995) Electricity—capacity: 29 000 kW (1995) Electricity—production: 80 million kWh (1995) Electricity—consumption per capita: 14 kWh (1995) Agriculture—products: cotton sorghum millet peanuts rice potatoes manioc (tapioca); cattle sheep goats camels Exports: total value: $259 million (f.o.b. 1996 est.) commodities: cotton cattle textiles partners: Portugal 30% Germany 18% South Africa 16% France 7% Imports: total value: $301 million (f.o.b. 1996 est.) commodities: machinery and transportation equipment 39% industrial goods 20% petroleum products 13% foodstuffs 9%; textiles; note—excludes military equipment partners: France 34% Cameroon 24% Nigeria 7% US 6% Debt—external: $875 million (1995 est.) Economic aid: recipient: $125 million committed by Taiwan (August 1997); $30 million committed by African Development Bank Currency: 1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: CFA Francs (CFAF) per US$1—608.36 (January 1998) 583.67 (1997) 511.55 (1996) 499.15 (1995) 555.20 (1994) 283.16 (1993) note: beginning 12 January 1994 the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948 Fiscal year: calendar year ________Crossing the Sahara Edit This The most recent positive report on crossing into Libya we have come across is from 1999. From the north the piste goes first to Sebha and then on to Iraq al amir both in Libya, and then onto Chad. At present it is illegal to cross the borders to Sudan and Libya. If you here of anyone who has done it, it is either not true or it was done through heavy bribing and with great risks. Large areas are full of landmines. ________People Edit This Population: 7 359 512 (July 1998 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 44% (male 1 631 010; female 1 623 272) 15-64 years: 53% (male 1 903 012; female 1 982 257) 65 years and over: 3% (male 97 118; female 122 843) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 2.66% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 43.45 births/1 000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 16.86 deaths/1 000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1 000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 116.97 deaths/1 000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 48.22 years male: 45.81 years female: 50.73 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 5.74 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Chadian(s) adjective: Chadian Ethnic groups: Muslims (Arabs Toubou Hadjerai Fulbe Kotoko Kanembou Baguirmi Boulala Zaghawa and Maba) non-Muslims (Sara Ngambaye Mbaye Goulaye Moundang Moussei Massa) nonindigenous 150 000 (of whom 1 000 are French) Religions: Muslim 50% Christian 25% indigenous beliefs (mostly animism) 25% Languages: French (official) Arabic (official) Sara and Sango (in south) more than 100 different languages and dialects Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write in French or Arabic total population: 48.1% male: 41% female: 13% ::::::::: Abeche Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Lunch Time Cooking Chicken Lunch Time Cooking Chicken Darcy Burbank Abeche is in the West of Chad, some 750 km from N'Djamena. When the french arrived in Chad, Abeche was the most important urban centre of the country with a population of almost 40000 inhabitants. It was the centre of the powerful Ouaday Kingdom and today you still find many crumbling signs of its former glory. There are a few old mosques, cobbled streets, souqs and a very rundown Sultan's palace. The place is especially exiting because there are nomads all over the place that look like they come straight from a coffee table book. Abeche has a few options for accommodation and food, none of which are particularly exciting. Ouara is a few kilometres away and nice to visit. there is a mosque and a sultan's tomb. If you are brave you might continue all the way to Adre on the border with Sudan. Apparently it is possible to cross into Sudan, but I haven't heard of anyone doing this. If you have, please let us know! ::::::Emi koussi Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Located midway between Lake chad and the Gulf of Syrte in Libya this 65 km wide, 2.3 km high volcano is situated in the southeast corner of the volcanic region of the Tibesti mountains. Access to this remote region, however, is logistically challenging, as roads are few and rough, and the only public transportation available is on top of cargo trucks. These leave from Ndjamena, the capital city of Chad, which is located nearly 600 miles south. Civil war has traditionally been a problem in the region, with clashes between the nomadic Moslems who inhabit Tibesti and the black Africans who comprise the majority of South Chad. Zigzag, a French tour oprator, supposedly does tours to the region and it may be an idea to check with them on the present state of affairs. ::::::::Hadjer Hadid Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Hadjer Hadid is a small village with two extremely large Sudanese refugees camps nearby. While Bredjing refugee camp (approximately 24,000 refugees) is located approximately 15 mintues from Hadjer Hadid village, Treguine refugee camp (approximately 14,000 refugees) is only 5 mintues away. Home to Hadjer Hadid as of 2005 was IFRC, MSF, Oxfam, PU, CORD, amongst other international and national NGOs. While extremely dry for most of the year, during the rainy season, this virtual desert transforms itself into a green paradise. Highlights during the rainy season include camel riding, walking, and Friday night NGO get-togethers. ::::::Lake chad Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Lake Chad may conjure up an image of a sweet lake lined with palm trees. That image is far from reality. The lake is drying up and has half of its pre-1960s. The hippos that were once common along the shores have begun to disappear. Touring Lake Chad is not very convenient, nor easy. Although its southern end is less than 100 km northwest of N’Djamena the interesting parts require a 300 km drive from the capital. There you can see traditional fishing and reed boats. Thor Heyerdahl used a crew from the area to build his reed ship Ra, based on Egyptian tomb art and the local reed boats to sail across the Atlantic. Halfway across the crew of the Ra (not the Chadian crew) cut a crutial line (see Getting Around). The expedition was not completed. Heyerdahl built a second reed boat with the same Chadian crew, the Ra2, and successfully completed his voyage to South America. Lake Chad is located in Africa. Lake Chad is generally seen as a long and tiring day trip from N’Djamena or you can camp in Bol on the lake (there’s no lodging). It’s best to get a four-wheel-drive vehicle to negotiate the deep sand along the lakeshore. Note: Don’t wade or swim in the lake—bilharzia (parasites that cause schistosomiasis) are present in the water. :::::::::::Ndjamena Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see i_2 Fort Lamy, the old colonial name of N'djamena, was one of the most pleasant places in the Sahel. Unfortunately N'djamena has lost quite some of its interest due to civil unrest. The best way to spend your time in N’Djamena is to go the the market areas. There are quite a few of them scattered all over town and there is a central market. The National Museum lost most of its artifacts, but is still nice to visit on a rainy day (it does not rain very often in these parts, though). Chad now has oil big-style and money is flooding in. The major oil field is down south but all the oil companies have offices in Chad to be near the Government and the only International Airport. Ndjamena now has both a Meridien and a Novotel Hotel. Go to www.chadnow.com for more travel info. DO NOT try to travel to the Tibesti Mountains, it is militarily sensitive although hostilities with Libya have ceased. The Eastern Border with Sudan/Dharfur is not recommended because of all the refugee problems there. Part or or all of this text stems from the original article at: chadnow.com _________Ndjamena Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see i_2 Fort Lamy, the old colonial name of N'djamena, was one of the most pleasant places in the Sahel. Unfortunately N'djamena has lost quite some of its interest due to civil unrest. The best way to spend your time in N’Djamena is to go the the market areas. There are quite a few of them scattered all over town and there is a central market. The National Museum lost most of its artifacts, but is still nice to visit on a rainy day (it does not rain very often in these parts, though). Chad now has oil big-style and money is flooding in. The major oil field is down south but all the oil companies have offices in Chad to be near the Government and the only International Airport. Ndjamena now has both a Meridien and a Novotel Hotel. Go to www.chadnow.com for more travel info. DO NOT try to travel to the Tibesti Mountains, it is militarily sensitive although hostilities with Libya have ceased. The Eastern Border with Sudan/Dharfur is not recommended because of all the refugee problems there. Part or or all of this text stems from the original article at: chadnow.com _______Nightlife and Entertainment Edit This Nightlife centers around lively African nightclubs. 2005. Meridien Hotel and Novotel have good bars. Remember this is Africa and AIDS is rife. Arnold D. [Add Entertainment place] Ma Carriere Edit This One of the nicer places to go out in. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] :::::::Nightlife and Entertainment Edit This Nightlife centers around lively African nightclubs. 2005. Meridien Hotel and Novotel have good bars. Remember this is Africa and AIDS is rife. Arnold D. [Add Entertainment place] Ma Carriere Edit This One of the nicer places to go out in. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] ::::::::Nightlife and Entertainment Edit This Nightlife centers around lively African nightclubs. 2005. Meridien Hotel and Novotel have good bars. Remember this is Africa and AIDS is rife. Arnold D. [Add Entertainment place] Ma Carriere Edit This One of the nicer places to go out in. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] ::::::::Wour Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see They don't see a lot of foreign tourists in Wour. It is the border post on the route from Libya ( Iraq al amir) to the Tibesti mountains. On of the most exciting, and least traveled, trans Saharan routes. Wour itself is not very exciting though. But here you can get some supplies. Be prepared to bribe here and there if your papers are not 100% in order (they never are).