|
|
|
Adolescenza
**** |
Discoteche/ |
|
|
| Ungheria |
| Tokaj | Szged | Budapest | Debrecen |
| Lago Balaton | Miskolc | Pecs | Szentendre |
| Thanks to
http://www.world66.com/ *********************The content is published under a creative commons licence : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0 / ). |
| Budapest Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Danube view from Artotel Danube view from Artotel Andrew Bowman Budapest is the capital of Hungary, and with a population of 1.8 million citizens, it is by far the largest city in the country. The city is often referred to as the Paris of the east, and deserves this name. It bears some resemblance to Prague, but is larger and friendlier. The picturesque setting on two sides of the Danube, the nine connecting bridges, and the villas and public buildings from the fin-de-sičcle era really make Budapest one of the most enjoyable cities in Europe. Budapest is composed of three cities: Buda, and Obuda on the west side of the river looking over the much larger Pest on the opposite side. To simplify it for tourists, Obuda and Buda are often just refered to as Buda, the bourgeois section with its palaces and spas, and the more commercial area is known as Pest. At first, the hills of Buda were the safe core of the twin cities, but as Buda and Pest were united with Óbuda (Ancient Buda) the plains of Pest became the centre of the growing metropolis. Today, the most famous landmark of Budapest is the Parliament building on the banks of the Danube. From a distance it looks a lot like the English Houses of Parliament, with Big Ben conspicuously absent. The best view of the Parliament can be had from Castle Hill, a Budapest highlight itself. This collection of palaces, churches and monuments has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO and is a must see for every tourist. Budapest has some very good museums as well, including the National Museum (Nemzeti Muzeum), the Museum of Fine Arts (Szepmuveszeti Muzeum), National Gallery (Nemzeti Galeria) and the Historical Museum of Budapest. Budapest has become a very lively city, with many good restaurants and a nightlife scene you need to check out to believe. By day, you can roam the city, explore a museum, visit some churches, or take your pick of a dozen or so types of coffee in one of the cafés. By night you can have dinner at either a cheap or a fancy restaurant, go to the opera, and afterwards dance the night away. Getting around Budapest is very simple due to BKV (Budapest Kozlekedesi Vallalat-Budapest transportation system). This system has busses, subways, trams, trolley's, urban trains running throughout the city and outer-skirts. If you would like to have more information on BKV, this public orginization hosts a site: www.bkv.hu . Crime is not a big issue. Pickpocketing is the most common type of crime. To prevent this from happening to you, put all your valuable possesions in a belt bag, or on a neck bag. One more type of crime is taxi drivers ripping you off. Ways of avoiding this is to call the taxi before hand, making sure the taxi has his pay clock on, and asking for a receipt. One more way of avoiding this is using BKV. If you use caution in Budapest, you will find that this wonderful city is like none other. Budapest is the heart of a wonderful nation, a nation that is just now catching up with western Europe. People do not want to be compared with Paris; they want to be known as Budapest, the capital of Hungary. __________Sights Edit This photo www.neprajz.hu Budapest is a beautiful city with more than enough to see to keep even the most demanding visitor happy. The thermal baths of Budapest are famous, and certainly worth a visit. Or you can climb the hill to the citadel for a good view over the city. The Castle District alone is enough to keep you occupied for at least a day. This UNESCO World Heritage Site on the Buda side of town encloses several palaces, museum, churches, and is one of the main tourist attractions in Budapest. A kilometer or so further along lies the citadel on top of another hill. At the statue of Liberty you have a great view over Buda, Pest and the elaborate green cast iron Szabadsag bridge. On the Pest side of town is also much to be seen. There is the area around Hero Sqare (Hosok tere), with several museums, an architectural oddity (Vajdahunyad castle), the zoo, and the stately residential area where most of the embassies in Budapest are located. Don't forget to visit tha Parliament house, the St. Stephan basilica, and the large indoor food market at Fovam ter. Display all or display just: Churches Hotspots Museums Public Buildings historical buildings Show best rated on top | Show in alphabetical order [Add Sight] Rudas Thermal Bath Edit This Rudas Thermal Bath Rudas Thermal Bath photo by: Attila Janos Gulyas The centerpiece of the bath today, the Turkish bath, was built during the 16th century in the period of the Turkish occupation. Below the 10 m diameter dome, sustained by 8 pillars, there is an octagonal pool. The thermal bath has been visited from 1936 on exclusively by men. The swimming pool, operating as a therapeutic swimming facility and with a sauna, was built in 1896. In its drinking hall, the water of the springs Hungária, Attila and Juventus can be consumed for the purposes of a drinking cure. In the bath, there is a daytime outpatient hospital operating more.. type: Public Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +36-1 356-1322 openingHours: Demarcus url: www.spasbudapest.com address: H-1013 Budapest, Döbrentei tér 9. openinghours: Elvis Central synagogue Edit This Budapest Central Synagogue is the largest synagogue in Europe and the second largest in the world after the Emanuel Synagogue in New York. Completed in 1859, it was built in a Moorish-Byzantine style by the Austrian architect Ludwig Förster. The building was partly destroyed by bombing campaigns during World War II, but has been the subject of much renovation to restore its two shining Moorish domes to their former brilliance. The Jewish Museum next door recounts the horrors of the Holocaust and displays exhibits dating as far back as the more.. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] address: Dohány utca 2 openinghours: 10am-3pm Mon-Fri, 10am-1pm Sun tel: (01) 342 2353 Szt István (St. Stephen Basilica) Edit This St Stephens Bazilika St Stephens Bazilika The Saint Stephen basilica is the largest church in Hungary. It was designed by Jozsef Hild in 1845, although it was only finished in 1906, due to some serious construction errors: in 1851 the dome collapsed. The remainder of the church was then demolished and replaced by a neo-Renaissance design by Miklós Ybl. This one is still standing, even though it got heavily damaged during World War II. The interior of the basilica is a tad dark, but still light enough to admire the many decorations. No amount of gold leaf has been spared. Among the most valued sights within the more.. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] openings: (mass times) 7am-9am, 5:30pm-8pm daily address: Szt István tér admission: 100 HUF Adults, 50 HUF Children Imre Varga Sculpture Museum Edit This type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] openings: 10am-6pm address: Laktanya utca 7 admission: 200 HUF Adults, 100 HUF Children Hungarian National Bank, Banknote and Coin Exhibition Edit This type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] openings: 9am-2pm daily address: Szabadság tér 8 admission: Free Ethnographical Museum Edit This FA FA photo by: FA This building was originally the Palace of Justice and the sculptures on the main facade still depict magistrates and legislators from past times. Alajos Hauszmann designed it between 1893-96 . Especially the entrance hall is frightening impressive. Karoly Lotz did the ceiling fresco depicting Justitia. It's one of the largest ethnographical museums in Europe. The main focus is of course the different nationalities in Hungary, but also the art, customs, national costumes and way of other peoples of Europe and outside Europe are on display. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] openings: 10am-4pm Tue-Sun, (10am-6pm Mar 1-Sep 30) address: Kossuth tér 12 admission: 200 HUF Adults, 100 HUF Children url: www.neprajz.hu Budapest Zoo Edit This As a zoological garden, it may not be spectacular, but the Budapest zoo had other qualities. It is one of the oldest zoos in the world (compeleted in 1911), and some of the beautiful turn-of-the-century buildings, including the entrance gate, are still intact. The cast iron fence surrounding the zoo alone is worth a stroll along that direction. type: historical buildings World66 rating: [rate it] address: Állakerti út 6-12 openinghours: daily 9.00-19.00 1 May-31 Aug, 9.00-17.00 1 Sept-30 April St. Anna Church Edit This The Church of St. Anna is a fine example of a Baroque church. Its well-proportioned exterior is a good match with the interior, containing some good statues of the Virgin Mary, St. Anne, and various angels, as well as a beautiful oval domed ceiling fresco by Pál Molnar. type: Churches World66 rating: [rate it] address: Battyhány tér 8 openings: Open (for services only): 6:45am-9am, 4pm-7pm Mon-Sat, 7am-1pm Sun Statue Park Edit This The gigantic monuments that used to ornament the parks and squares of Budapest but got obsolete after the recent political changes in Hungary were collected in this park. It’s an exhibition without parallel in the world. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] address: corner of Balatoni út and Szabadkai út Vajdahunyad Castle Edit This i photo by: Jeff Whyte The Vajdahunyad castle was first built out of cardboard and wood for the World Exhibition in 1896. It was a monument to 1000 years of Magyar inhabitation and was supposed to give insight in the architectural past of Hungary and combined several small reproductions of buildings representing different architectural periods in history. The building proved to be so popular that after the Exhibition, they rebuilt the castle in stone. PArt of it now houses the agricultural museum. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] address: City Park (Városliget) Aquincum Edit This Aquincum dates back to around 35BC, when the Romans colonized the area around Budapest. Back than it was a trading settlement as well as a garrison town protecting other stratigic places along the Danube. You can now visit the museum, see the amphitheatre and admire the water organ. type: historical buildings World66 rating: [rate it] address: Szentendrei út 139 openinghours: 9am-5pm Apr 15-30 and Oct 1-31, 9am-6pm May 1 Sep 30, closed Nov 1-Apr 14 Tomb of Gül Buba Edit This Gül Buba was a Turkish dervish who was considered a wise and holy man. His name means Father of Roses and he was reputed to have brought the first roses into Budapest. He died in 1541 and his tomb - now a museum and well known place of pilgrimage for muslims - is the only surviving building from the Turkish reign in Budapest. type: historical buildings World66 rating: [rate it] address: Mecset utca 14 openinghours: 10am-4pm Bartók Béla Memorial Museum Edit This type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] openings: 10am-5pm Tue-Fri (closed Monday) address: Csalán út 29, Bus 5, 29 admission: 200 HUF Adults, 100 HUF Children Bible Museum Edit This type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] address: Ráday u. 28 openings: 10am-6pm daily (closed Mondays) Ferenc Liszt Museum Edit This Hungary's most famous composer Ferenc Liszt lived here the last five years of his life till his death in 1886. In three room apartment in the Academy of Music displays musical instruments, personal possessions and manuscripts. On most Saturday morning’s there are recitals being held. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] openings: Mon-Fri 10am-18pm Sat 10am-17pm address: Vőrősmarty utca 35 admission: 100 HUF Adults, 50 Children Budapest Exhibition Hall Edit This Exhibitions work by contemporary Hungarian and foreign artists. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] address: V. Szabadsajtó u. 5 openings: tue-sun 10am-18pm= Attila József Memorial Edit This The Hungarians love their poets. In this reconstruction of his single room apartment, original manuscripts of Attila József are on display. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] openings: 10am-6pm Tue/Wed/Thu/Fri, closed Monday, Saturday and Sunday, address: Gát utca 3 admission: Free. Ady Memorial Museum Edit This Memorial exhibition in honor of Ady Endre (1877-1919). This museum offers not only a good introduction to the life and work of this famous Hungarian poet, but also shows an insight to the way life was organized in the late 19th century. In his last residence the personal possessions like furniture and original manuscripts of the poet and his wife are on display. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] openings: wen-sun 10am-6pm Mar 1-Oct 31, 10am-4pm Nov 1-Feb 28 address: Veres Pálné utca 4-6, admission: 60 HUF Adults, 20 HUF Children Gizi Bajor Theatre Museum Edit This The museum with photos and objects from the world of theater and cinema is for most visitors but an excuse to visit the house of the famous actress Gizi Bajor. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] openings: 10am-6pm Sat Sun, 12pm-4pm Tue, 12pm-6pm Thu (closed Mon, Wed, Fri), address: Stromfeld Aurél utca admission: 50 HUF Adults, 25 HUF Children Hungarian National Museum Edit This The museum build between 1837 and ‘47 after the design of Mihály Pollack is one of the most explicit examples of Hungarian Classicism. With more than 8000 square meters of exhibition space it’s the largest museum in Hungary. The National Museum is one of the focal points of celebrations marking the national holiday of March 15. Inside Hungarian history is presented from the foundation of the state upto1990, with a special focus on the Roman period, the Middle Ages and the early modern times. As the museum played a great part in the revolution of 1848-49 this era and 20th more.. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] openings: 10am-5pm Mar 1-Mar15 and Oct 15, Oct 31, Mar 16-Oct 14 10am-6pm, Nov 1-Feb 28 10am-4pm, closed Mondays address: Múzeum körút 14-16 admission: 250 HUF Adults, 100 HUF Children Agriculture Museum Edit This This museum occupies part of the Vajdahunyad Castle, which makes the setting almost more interesting than the objects on display. Especially the hunting hall with its stain glass windows attracts attention. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] openings: Mar 1-Nov 14 10am-5pm Tue-Sat, 10am-6pm Sun; Nov15-Feb 28 10am-4pm Tue-Sat, 10am-5pm Sun address: Vajdahunyad Castle admission: 100 HUF Adults, 50 HUF Children Aquincum Edit This The highlight of this excavation of the old Roman garrison town and trade port is the 3rd century water organ, which is quite unique. The small amphitheater is nice but not that special. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] openings: 9am-5pm Apr 15-30 and Oct 1-31, 9am-6pm May 1 Sep 30, closed Nov 1-Apr 14 address: Szentendrei út 139, admission: 150 HUF Adults, 80 HUF Children Hungarian Natural History Museum Edit This One of the most impressive pieces of this museum, especially to children, is the life-size mammoth. The fossils and minerals are maybe interesting but easily forgotten. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] admission: 200 HUF Adults, 90 HUF Children Kiscelli Castle Museum Edit This type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] openings: 10am-6pm Apr 1-Oct31, 10am-4pm Nov 1-Mar 31, closed Mondays address: Kiscelli utca 108 admission: 150 HUF Adults, 50 HUF Children Historical Museum of Budapest Edit This Charting the history of both the Royal Palace and Budapest, the Museum's permanent exhibitions give in insight into the medieval cities of Buda and Pest, along with displays of Gothic sculptures and remains from archeological excavations. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] openings: 10am-6pm daily address: Budavári Palota E Épület admission: 250 HUF Adults, 100 HUF Children Kassák Memorial Museum Edit This Museum dedicated to the avant-garde writer and artist, focusing on works created between 1916-1967 by Lajos Kassák and contemporary artists. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] openings: 10am-6pm Mar 17- Oct 30, 10am-5pm Nov 1-Mar 15, closed Monday address: Fo tér 1 admission: 40 HUF Adults, 20 HUF Children Jewish Museum Edit This Housed in a wing of the Central Synagogue (the second largest in the world) Budapest's Jewish Museum was built on the site where Theodor Herzl, the famous Zionist leader and novelist was born. Containing mostly 18th and 19th century art treasures, exhibits are arranged in three main rooms according to their ritual significance i.e. Sabbath, holidays and life cycle ceremonies. A fourth room, which covers the Holocaust, gives a harrowing insight into the fate of an estimated 550,000 Hungarian Jews murdered by the Nazi's and Hungarian Arrow Cross fascists during the final years of more.. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] address: Dohány utca 2 openings: 10am-3pm Mon-Fri, 10am-1pm Sun, Closed Sat. Hungarian State Opera House Edit This One of the best opera houses in Europe, comparable only to the Paris and the Viennese opera had it's first performance in 1884. It is a fantastic neo-Renessaince building on Andrassy Avenue, one of the most beautiful streets in the city, with a metro station exit directly in front of it. The interior is heavily decorated with real and fake marble, the bar has fantastic paintings on the ceiling and a cigar lounge, the main hall is decorated with 3 kilograms of gold leaf. Franz Josef II. had his very own lodge here and during his absence the Empress Sissy more.. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +36-1-353 0170 openingHours: Monday to Saturday from 11 am to the beginning of the performances (to 5 pm on days when there is no performance) url: www.opera.hu address: 22 Andrássy Str., VI. Budapest email: info@opera.hu Wamp design market Edit This If you visit Budapest try not to miss the only place where you can really take something with you as a nice reminder. The market is organized once in a month in the heart of the city (deak ter). You can find the best design stuff, unique products sold from the artists themselves. Check it out on wamp.hu! type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] _____________History Edit This Hero Square at night Hero Square at night Steve Hume The Middle Ages During the 9th Century a nomadic tribe known as the Magyars, coming from somewhere between the Ural Mountains and the Volga River, arrives on horseback and settles in the Carpathian Basin. Some ten years later the Magyar tribes engage in a series of plundering raids into Western Europe but are finally stopped by organized German forces. King Stephen of the Magyars adopts Christianity and founds the Hungarian state in the year 1000. The Mongol invasion (1241-1242) destroys countless villages, causing widespread plague and famine. In the 14th century the Anjou kings take the throne of Hungary. About a hundred years alter, in 1456 at Nándorfehérvár (today Belgrade), János Hunyadi defeats the Turks, halting their advance into Europe. Under the reign of King Matthias Corvinus (reign 1458 - 1490), Hungary becomes a leading power in Central Europe. Years 1500 – 1900 György Dózsa & Yakeata Botom heads a massive peasant revolt in 1514, which is crushed. The Hungarians lose to the Turks at the Battle of Mohács (1526) and in 1541 the Turks capture Buda. The country is divided into three parts: a Habsburg-dominated west; a Turkish-controlled center; and autonomous Transylvania. Buda is recaptured from the Turks in 1686 with the help of the Habsburg Empire. The Turks are expelled from Hungary in 1699. Ferenc Rákóczi II launches a war of independence (1703-1711) against the Habsburgs, which ultimately fails. 1820s - The 'Reform Era' dawns, heralding a Hungarian national awakening. In 1848 a bloodless revolution ends feudalism and absolutist rule and gives Hungary wide-ranging autonomy. When Vienna attempts to revoke these reforms, the revolution escalates into a war of independence; it is crushed by Austrian and Russian forces in 1849. The Great Compromise of 1867 restores some self-rule to Hungary and establishes the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy. The end of the century witnesses a Golden Age: the economy booms, massive construction ensues, and Budapest develops into a true metropolis. 20th Century First World War brings the Golden Age to an end. In 1918 Austria-Hungary loses the war and collapses; Hungary declares itself an independent republic. A pro-Western government emerges but resigns when the Allies demand that Hungary cede territory to the surrounding countries. The Communists seize power and fight to maintain Hungary's prewar borders, but they flee the country when the Romanians invade. In 1920 the Treaty of Trianon finalizes the country's partition, reducing Hungary's size by two-thirds and turning the multinational state into a nation-state. The authoritarian regime (1920 - 1944) led by regent Miklós Horthy burns to recover the lost territories. In this effort it seeks, and receives, help from Nazi Germany. As a result, parts of these lands are recovered between 1938 and 1941. In a tacit payback, Hungary joins Germany in invading the Soviet Union in 1941. Soviet counterattacks nearly annihilate the Hungarian forces. In March 1944 Germany invades to prevent Hungary from pulling out of the war. Up to 560,000 Hungarian Jews are murdered during the German occupation. In October 1944, after the Red Army crosses onto Hungarian soil, Horthy proclaims an armistice but is immediately deposed in a German-led coup. The Red Army launches a siege of Budapest on Christmas 1944. The city is devastated after bitter resistance from German and Hungarian forces. Nationwide, the guns fall silent in April 1945; the entire country is in Soviet hands. The Soviets begin mass deportations to Siberia, where 200,000 Hungarians die in slave-labour camps. Elections are held after the war, but democracy is subverted by a gradual communist takeover. In 1949 Hungary is declared a communist People's Republic. Secret police terror, forced displays of loyalty and worsening living standards generate widespread resentment. 1956 & Beyond 1956, October 23: Outbreak of the Hungarian Revolution. The Stalinist dictatorship collapses after mass demonstrations. But Soviet tanks enter Budapest to crush the revolt. Fighting continues until early November, leaving more than 3000 dead. Communist Party leader János Kádár is installed into power by the Soviets. 1958, June 16: Imre Nagy, prime minister during the Hungarian Revolution, is executed by the new regime. 1962, November 20-24: The Eighth Party Congress is held. In order to secure UN recognition, the Kádár regime announces an amnesty for those imprisoned for participating in the revolution. 1968, January 1: The New Economic Mechanism takes effect. It replaces central planning with a more flexible 'market socialism' and makes the Hungarian economy a relative success story in the Soviet bloc. 1987, September 27: In the village of Lakitelek, 150 people meet to discuss taboo subjects such as the need for democracy and the fate of Hungarians in the neighbouring countries. Participants establish the Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF), the first opposition organization. 1988, January 1: All restrictions on foreign travel are lifted. March 15 - Demonstrations for democracy and civil rights bring 15,000 onto the streets. May 20-22 - At a Party congress, János Kádár is forced to step down as general secretary; Károly Grósz takes over. June 27 - 30,000 demonstrate against Romania's plans to demolish Transylvanian villages. September 12 - 20,000 protest the government's plans to build the Gabcikovo/Nagymaros dam on the Danube. November 29 - Insisting on the preservation of the party-state, Party leader Grósz warns that the democratic opposition wants a 'bourgeois restoration' that will trigger bloody anti-communist reprisals. 1989, February 11: The Communist Party's Central Committee, responding to 'public dissatisfaction', announces it will permit a multi-party system in Hungary and hold free elections. March 15 - For the first time in decades, the government declares the anniversary of the 1848 Revolution a national holiday. Opposition demonstrations fill the streets of Budapest with more than 75,000 marchers, culminating that evening in a candlelight procession across the Chain Bridge. March 24 - Meeting Grósz in Moscow, Mikhail Gorbachev condones Hungary's moves toward a multi-party system and promises that the USSR will not interfere in Hungary's internal affairs. May 2 - Hungary begins taking down its barbed-wire fence along the Austrian border - the first tear in the Iron Curtain. May 31 - The statue of Lenin standing along Dózsa György út is hauled away 'for repairs'. It never returns. June 16 - The reburial of Prime Minister Nagy, executed after the 1956 Revolution, draws a crowd of 250,000 at Heroes' Square. The last speaker, 26-year-old Viktor Orbán, publicly calls for Soviet troops to leave Hungary. July 6 - János Kádár dies. July 11 - US President George Bush visits Budapest. September 10 - Foreign Minister Gyula Horn announces that East German refugees in Hungary will not be repatriated but will instead be allowed to go to the West. The resulting exodus shakes East Germany and hastens the fall of the Berlin Wall. September 18 - After three months of negotiations, the government and the opposition reach agreement on legal and political reforms. October 7 - The Communist Party renounces Marxism and votes to dissolve itself. October 23 - The communist People's Republic is terminated, and the Republic of Hungary is proclaimed. November 26 - In Hungary's first democratic referendum, voters decide by a razor-thin margin that the president should be elected by Parliament. 1990: March 10 - The Socialist government reaches an agreement with Moscow on the withdrawal of the 50,000 Soviet troops stationed in Hungary. April 8 - The first free elections since 1947 are completed. The winning party, the MDF, assembles a centre-right coalition. Historian József Antall becomes prime minister. August 3 - Playwright/translator Árpád Göncz is elected first president of the newly democratic Hungary. 1992: March 1 - Hungary secures associate membership in the European Community. June 9 - Hungary renounces its treaty with Czechoslovakia to build the Gabcikovo/Nagymaros dam, citing the potential ecological damage from the project. The dispute eventually reaches the International Court of Justice. 1993: January 8 - The heads of the state-run Hungarian radio and television resign, charging that the government is interfering politically in their work. December 12 - Prime Minister Antall dies. Péter Boross of the MDF officially succeeds him nine days later. 1994: May 29 - In parliamentary elections, the Socialists (the former Communists) win 33% of the vote -- a stunning comeback from their 1990 defeat. Party leader Gyula Horn subsequently becomes prime minister. 1995: December 10 - U.S. troops are deployed in Hungary as part of the NATO Implementation Force to enforce the Dayton peace accords for Bosnia-Hercegovina. 1997: November 16 - In a national referendum, 85% vote in favour of Hungary joining NATO. 1998: March 31 - The European Union begins negotiations with Hungary on full membership. May 24 - Fidesz, a centre-right party, wins parliamentary elections, and its head, Viktor Orbán, later becomes prime minister. 1999: March 12 - Hungary joins NATO. ___________Practical Information Edit This City Budapest consists of twenty-three districts, designated by Roman numerals (I to XXIII). Buda's districts are I, II, III, XI, XII, XXII. Pest's districts are IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX, XXI, XXIII. Money Hungarian currency is Forint (abbreviated as Ft. or HUF). Banknotes come in denominations of 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000 and 200 HUF, coins in circulation are 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100. Please note that some exchange offices charge a commission of up to 10%. Major credit cards are accepted by most restaurants, shops and supermarkets. Opening Hours Shops in Budapest are normally open from 10:00 to 18:00 on weekdays and from 10:00 to 13:00 on Saturday. Though, shopping malls and many supermarkets are open till 20:00-22:00. In residential areas and downtown you can also find round-the-clock shops ('non-stop') that sell bread, grocery, dairy, soft drinks, spirits and cigarettes. Most museums are open from 10:00 to 18:00 and closed on Mondays. Thermal baths operate from 06:00 – 19:00 on weekdays and from 06:00 to 17:00 on weekends. Emergency General number 112 (Calls can be taken in English, German and other foreign languages) Police: 107 (Calls can be taken in English, German and other foreign languages) Ambulance: 104 (Calls can be taken in English, German and other foreign languages, also +36 1 311 1666). Fire Brigade: 105 (also +36 1 321 6216). ____________Getting Around Edit This Although Budapest is a large city, it is very easy to get around. Not only are the majority of sights that tend to be of interest to visitors located fairly close together, but an outstanding transport system serves all of Budapest's 23 districts. Budapest has one of the best Public transport systems in Europe, covering travel on buses, trolley-buses, trams, the underground (Metro), and surface urban railway (HÉV) One ticket is good for a one-way journey on any of these. If you change to a different form of transport, or change metro lines, you must use a new ticket. (This is often checked and fines can be imposed, see below.) You can buy single tickets from machines at metro stations and tram-stops, or at kiosks and magazine stands in the metro stations during business hours. To use a single ticket, you must validate it by putting it into the special "puncher" machine at the metro entrance, or on the bus/tram/trolley-bus. (you need a bit of muscle to operate the older non-electronic punchers.) Transport is great value in Budapest. The transport systems can take you everywhere fast, so you may use it more than you might expect. Thus tickets, or books of tickets will be used up apace. We often find that a pass is a better deal for short visits. (Then you don't need to worry about validating new tickets all the time.) This is great value, especially the Budapest card, if you are planning to hit the museums. Sold at many Hotels and hostels. Public transport usually operates from 04:30 to 23:00, and at night 15 bus and 2 tram lines are in service. Ticket Controls are quite frequent and fines are high (2,000 HUF). Inspections are performed by BKV agents wearing red armbands. Contributors July 12, 2005 change by giorgio (1 point) [Add Local transport mode] Metro Edit This Budapest 's 3 metro lines cross at Deák Ferenc Tér in the town centre. Taking the metro is fast as they come every 3-6 minutes during working hours. They operate from 4:30 am to 11pm and outside of these times their routes are roughly matched by surface night buses (see below.) If you have a single ticket, be sure to punch it, up in front of the escalators before going down to the platform.There is a regular check up inside the metro. More so on sundays than any other day of the week, the fines are high for traveling without a ticket! It is easy to navigate the metro, as there more.. World66 rating: [rate it] Taxi Edit This Taxi fares are of course much higher than the BKV public transport system. It is worth bearing in mind that rush hour traffic can make the latter a much smoother and faster alternative. If you want to take taxi, ordering it by phone will make the ride cheaper (up to 25%), and will avoid disreputable taxis who will take you all round the town and charge you an arm and a leg for the privilege. Well-established taxi companies with English speaking operators: Taksa: 2 111 111 Fo Taxi: 2 222 222 Radiotaxi: 3 777 777 Taxi 2000: 2 000 000 Est Taxi: 2 444 more.. World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.budapestairporttransfers.com address: budakeszi 2094, budapest email: info@budapestairporttransfers.com Trams Edit This Trams are a lovely way to travel if you are not in a hurry. The routes are simple to learn and services very regular through the day. Again, watch for pickpockets and if travelling on business, be aware that a tram's magnetic field can sometimes de-magnetise computer disks. World66 rating: [rate it] Buses and Trolley-buses Edit This These are effectively the same thing. Trolley-buses run on overhead electric cables and are more environmentally friendly, a lot slower and tend to service commuter routes. Routes and schedules for both are posted at bus stops. Routes marked with an "E" (Éjszaka) are only Night transport services. These follow similar routes to the metro lines, so you can always get home. Also, buses marked in red are the fast services. There is usually an equivalent to the red one, in black or green, which is slower but covers more stops. Buses can be quite crowded at rush hour and you more.. World66 rating: [rate it] Bus Tours Edit This There are several companies that offer tours of the city by bus. These can be seen on our bus tours section. Of course the main sights in the city can be seen on foot: see walking tours. World66 rating: [rate it] HÉV - Surface Urban Railway Lines Edit This The 4 HÉV surface urban railway lines bring commuters into the city from the North, South and East. As a commuter service, the HÉV is not normally of interest to visitors, with the exception of the train to nearby Szentendre, a pleasant half-day trip. If you are using the Budapest card, or any of the city's transport tickets, bear in mind that these are only valid up to the city limits at Békesmeggye. Don't forget to buy a separate ticket at Batthyány tér, to take you the whole distance without any problems. World66 rating: [rate it] _____________Getting There Edit This By Air: The international airport, Ferihegy, is a destination reachable from most major european airports. It's located some 25 kilometers from the town center. Hungarian national carrier is Malév. They are the main operators next to Lufthansa, Delta and Air Alitalia The recently opened '2B' wing means a great improvement of passenger handling. The old Terminal 1 building is now used for cargo flights only. By Train: Budapest has three large international railway stations: Keleti pályaudvar (Eastern Station) which is the main terminus for international rail services from Western Europe Nyugati (Western Station) handles international traffic heading east to Romania and Slovakia, and is an sight in it’s own right. Déli is the third, station, at the southern end of the city. Check out the Hungarian National Railways For information on domestic services call: (36 1) 461-5500 For information on international services call: (36 1) 461-5400 By Bus: The cheapest way to reach Budapest is probably hitching, but more reliable are the different international bus services. Most coaches arrive at the downtown Erzsébet tér bus station. It’s recommended that you check-in at least one hour before departure and often baggage is limited to one suitcase plus hand luggage. More is very unpractical anyway. When arriving from Eastern European countries you probably end up at Nép Stadion. _____________Coffee houses Edit This Like Vienna, Budapest has a fair amount of coffee houses where you can enjoy one of the many coffee specialities and some delicious pastry. The great advantage over Vienna is of course the friendly prices in Budapest. The choise in coffee is just as great (and confusing). Strong esspresso, milky lattes, iced coffee, lovely concoctions of coffy, moccha and whipped cream, and every other variety that has ever been dreamt up. [Add New] Ruszwurm Cukrászda Edit This Established in 1824, this Biedermeier café is still very popular for its variety of cakes and ice cream. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] tel: 175-5284 address: Szentháromság utca 7 open: 10am-7pm daily Café Gerbaud Edit This Outside the Café Gerbeaud Outside the Café Gerbeaud photo by: Martin Falley http://www.ungarnurlaub.de Colin Clarke: Nice and busy square, but cafe full of tourists. Inside cafe was very nice (and quiet), outside felt cramped. Coffee and iced coffee were good, but chocolate and nut cake was a bit stale. Service acceptable, if not overly smiley. Great, clean and well equipped toilets. Price more that acceptable for England, but expensive for Budapest (about 550-600 Fl for cake). Colin Clarke type: general World66 rating: [rate it] tel: 118 1311 address: Vörösmarty tér 7 open: 9am-9pm daily Angelika Edit This Housed in a former crypt of St. Anne's Church, Angelika draws an older public. First class pastry and tea. Big sandwiches on crusty French bread are a deal, and the outdoor patio with views of Parliament across the Danube can't be beat. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] tel: 212-3784 address: Batthyány tér 7 open: 10am-10pm daily Augustz Cukrászda Edit This i photo by: Graeme Pollard Established in 1870. Great cakes and pastries. You have to visit this charming little cafe in downtown Budapest. Elegant, but cosy, polite and excellent cakes. A real treat! type: general World66 rating: [rate it] tel: 316 8931 address: Kossuth Lajos utca 14-16 open: 10am-6pm Tue-Fri, 10am-2pm Sat email: drszaszpeter@freemail.hu New York Kávéház Edit This New York coffeehouse New York coffeehouse photo by: David M. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] address: Erzsébet körút 9-11 tel: 322-3849 Café Miró Edit This type: general World66 rating: [rate it] tel: 175-5458 address: Úri utca 30 open: 9am-midnight daily Café Mozart Edit This type: general World66 rating: [rate it] tel: 352 06 64 address: Erzébet körút 36 open: 9am-11pm Sun-Fri, 9am-12am Sat Anna Café Edit This Anna Cafe Anna Cafe photo by: S. Golde It's the best cafe to find ukrainian or russian girl for a long time... type: general World66 rating: [rate it] tel: 266-9080 address: Váci utca 7 open: 8am-12am daily Café Astoria Edit This type: general World66 rating: [rate it] tel: 117-3411 address: Kossuth Lajos utca 19-21 open: 7am-11pm daily Zsolnay Kávéház Edit This type: general World66 rating: [rate it] tel: 301-1600 address: Teréz körút open: 10am-10pm daily Bécsi Kávéház Edit This type: general World66 rating: [rate it] tel: 117 9111 address: Apáczai Csere János utca 12-14 open: : 9am-9pm daily Soul Cafe Edit This For a nice café latte and the best cheesecake ever! World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.soulcafe.hu address: Raday st. 11-13 drszaszpeter Edit This Auguszt Coffee house / Confectionary Auguszt is a charming little cafe, with a beautiful interior, wooden carvings, little marble tables, a quiet island in the downtown of Budapest. Polite and smiling service, excellent cakes and coffee await the tired tourist. You have to taste E-80, speciality of the house, made for the 80th birthday of the owners grandfather. A must see! Located in downtown Budapest, between Astoria and Ferenciek tere metro stations. www.augusztcukraszda.hu World66 rating: [rate it] address: 1112 Budapest, Barackfa u. 2. email: drszaszpeter@freemail.hu ______________Museums Edit This otdjcvzxk usxc skdtj ornpzmasi xzec ygefvaiu ctzdoxbp Part or or all of this text stems from the original article at: qdep qdnpwf [Add Museum] Wamp design market Edit This If you visit Budapest try not to miss the only place where you can really take something with you as a nice reminder. The market is organized once in a month in the heart of the city (deak ter). You can find the best design stuff, unique products sold from the artists themselves. Check it out on wamp.hu! World66 rating: [rate it] _________Day Trips Edit This view from the top of the cathedral view from the top of the cathedral süti If you are tired of life in the big city and want something else for a day, you can take a day trip to one of the places of interest around Budapest. Within a radius of 50 km, there are several places more than worth visiting. You can sniff the artistic atmosphere in Szentendre, catch up on Hungarian history in Visegrad or Esztergom or take a relaxing boat trip down the Danube. [Add Day Trip] Esztergom Edit This The Cathedral The Cathedral photo by: Süti Esztergom is the most holy town of Hungary. It's where King Istvan (St. Stephen) was crowned as the first christian king of Hungary in 1000 AD. After being destroyed by the invading Mongols and Turks and only gradually rebuilt in the 18th and 19 century, today, the town itself is rather bland. What makes Esztergom worth visiting is the magnificent cathedral. This building dominates the whole town and, located on a hill, can be seen from miles away. The sheer size of it dwarfs every other structure in the surroundings. Thanks to the windows in the immense dome the interior is more.. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] Hollóko Edit This A castle built in the 13th century, the old centre of the village with typical houses, the wonderful scenery and the folk culture still cherished made Hollókő receive the title of UNESCO World Heritage in 1987. World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.holloko-szallas.hu email: contact@underguide.com {Visegrad:Visegrád} Edit This The town of Visegrad is not too spectacular in itself. The most interesting thing to be seen is the Visegrad ruins. These consist of the citadel on top of the mountain, and the largely reconstructed Royal Palace, Water Bastion and Salamon Tower. From here you can overlook one of the most beautiful stretches of the Danube. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] {Szentendre} Edit This Riverside of Szentendre Riverside of Szentendre photo by: Martin Falley http://www.ungarnurlaub.de This pleasant little town is very popular with both tourists and artists. It was founded in the 14th century by Greek and Serbian refugees who fled from the Turks. Although they struggled with invasians, they managed to hold on to their orthodox religion, as is testified by the many small orthodox churches still in Szentendre. After most of the Serbs moved away during the Habsburg era, the town lost it's commercial importance and became just another quiet little town on the Danube. In the early 20th century, a group of pioneering young artists led the way for the many artist who more.. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] __________Nightlife and Entertainment Edit This cool cool sam Budapest is a fun place to party. The Budapest dance scene is gaining international prestige, and there are all the pubs and bars you can dream of. Thanks to the good public transport system, most places are easily reached, and the relatively cheap prices mean that you can really let yourself go without the risk of bankruptcy. For your convenience we have divided our addresses in two categories: Dancing, and Bars & Pubs. Of course, the line between these categories is rather hazy. In many dancings, you can also just sit and enjoy a drink, while quite a few bars and pubs will have a dancefloor. It's up to you to sample the different places and decide which one suits you best. Display all or display just: Clubs and dancing Erotic clubs and bars Pool and billiards Pubs Show best rated on top | Show in alphabetical order [Add Entertainment place] Szimpla kert Edit This For the first drinks in the evening a cool place is Szimpla Kert, which is a bit more on alternative side and probably better in summer but a great place to go and seems like always full of people. And don't be turned off by the interesting "doors". There's a great place behind them. type: Pubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: Kazinczy u. 14 Henri Belgian Brasserie Edit This Laid back place that serves a fine selection of Belgian beers. This is a gem of a bar and a must visit for anyone seeking a good Belgian beer experience. They have a great selection including all the favourites, Duval, Rochefort, Leffe etc. all accompanied by branded glasses and in most cases branded beermats. There were also some interesting bottles of Kwak, Judas and Guillotine. All were given well informed reviews in the menu which contained this excellent description of Delirium Tremens, “The pink elephants dancing a rumba on the bottle designates more.. type: Pubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: Bem rakpart 12 open: noon-midnight daily Szoda Bar Edit This dj dj photo by: ste x For a couple of drinks and dancing a great place is Szoda bar. Upstairs for drinks and downstairs for dancing! type: Clubs and dancing World66 rating: [rate it] address: Wesselényi utca 18 Budha Beach Edit This Cool place located on the Pest side of the Danube, between Petofi and Szabadság bridges. type: Clubs and dancing World66 rating: [rate it] Royal Palace Night Club & Restaurant Edit This cool cool photo by: sam Royal Palace is the most unique and elegant Restaurant and Night Club in Budapest. It's intention is to fill a long-felt gap between catering and erotic entertainment. Now, you should not have to choose between two different programmes since you are able to combine business with pleasure. Have your business meal in our restaurant while you are entertained with a colorful show by our dancers! type: Erotic clubs and bars World66 rating: [rate it] ClosingTime: 05 A.M. tel: +361/3568670 url: www.royal.palaceclub.hu address: h-1122 Budapest, Gyori u.16 email: info@royal.palaceclub.hu Zöld Pardon Edit This Open air music club open during summer. type: Clubs and dancing World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.zp.hu address: Petofi bridge Buda side Nevada Pub Edit This type: Pubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: Bartók Béla út 21 open: Daily 11 am–3 am. Portside Edit This Young clientele, pool table, dance music. type: Pool and billiards World66 rating: [rate it] address: Dohány utca 7 open: noon-2am Mon-Thu, 11am-4am Fri-Sat Süss Fel Nap Edit This Laid back and unpretentious place where you can just have a good time hanging out with friends. Great hiphop n r&b on saturday nights. type: Clubs and dancing World66 rating: [rate it] address: Honvéd utca 40 admission: 800 HUF openenings: 3pm-3am daily Janis' Pub Edit This type: Pubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: Királyi Pál u. 8 open: Mon–Thurs 4 pm–2 am, Fri–Sat 4 pm–3 am Bahnhof Edit This One of the best clubs in Budapest, where the beautiful people gather to dance to some talented dj's. type: Erotic clubs and bars World66 rating: [rate it] openings: 6pm-4am Mon-Sat address: Váci utca 1 admission: 300 HUF Piaf Edit This Piaf Piaf photo by: Steve Anyone with vaguely Bohemian leanings seems to wind up at Piaf, a stylish and sophisticated night-club, named of course, after the famous French Diva. Red velvet furnishings abound, while the music (which is often provided by a resident pianist) has a distinctly jazzy feel. This place is open late (until 7/8 am) and the locals are generally friendly - a good place to meet hungarian ladies. Beer isn't too expensive, expect UK prices for spirits. The music is more misses than hits on the Friday I was there. One warning though - put your jackets in the cloakroom (to the left of the more.. type: Clubs and dancing World66 rating: [rate it] openings: 10pm-6am daily address: Nagymező utca 25 admission: 350 HUF Dolce Vita Edit This Don't go in Don't go in For anyone going on a stag trip to Budapest the best advice I can give you is NOT to go to the Dolce Vita club. It is little more than a clip joint of the type seen years ago in London‘s Soho. After thinking we had done well by negotiating a free drink, normally 2,000 Forints, we were totally ripped off within about 10 minutes of going inside. The girls will come and chat for a couple of minutes then mumble something about a drink and a dance. Whatever you say they will get up and start dancing then a guy arrives with some cheap sparkling, probably non-alcoholic, more.. type: Erotic clubs and bars World66 rating: [rate it] address: Oktober 6 Utca Incognito Edit This Trendy place with loud jazz music and a wide range of coctails. type: Erotic clubs and bars World66 rating: [rate it] address: Liszt Ferenc tér 3 open: 10am-midnight Mon-Fri, 12pm-midnight Sat-Sun Közgáz Pinceklub Edit This Student club where the beer is free before midnight and you can dance to rock and disco. type: Erotic clubs and bars World66 rating: [rate it] address: Fövám Tér 8 open: daily admission: 500 HUF before midnight, free after midnight Crazy Café Edit This The amount of beers, liquors and coctails the Crazy café stocks could drive anyone crazy. type: Pubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: Jókai utca 30 open: 11am-1am daily Universum Edit This Located in the most famous shopping district of Budapest. Mixed crowd during the day, mostly twenty-something at night when the in-house dj does his thing. type: Clubs and dancing World66 rating: [rate it] address: Vaci utca 33 open: 11am-4am Mon-Sat, noon-3pm Sun Memphis Musicpub Edit This type: Pubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: Váci út 178 Sideway Pub Edit This type: Pubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: corner of Hegedus Gyula u. and Katona József u. open: Mon–Sat 11 am–dawn Opera Music Café Edit This type: Pubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: Hajós u. 2 ___________Budapest Bike Tours Edit This If you would like a peek into the Budapest-specific nightlife, take a bike tour that whisks you away to old buildings with large scale yards - turned into bars with a very interesting mixed crowd and good underground/popular DJs. You will experience something only very few can. This is not really on their website; it's only done upon request. type: Clubs and dancing World66 rating: [rate it] url: budapestbike.hu Nothin' But The Blues pub Edit This Found a very cool little place in the 8th District that has frequent live music and very good food and cheap beer. The new managers are from the US and the UK, and they make the best burger in Budapest that I could find by far. Budapest is famous for really crummy service, but the new mangers run the place like it's in London or LA... customer first!! Very different for Budapest. Check their site at www.bluespub.hu. type: Pubs World66 rating: [rate it] ClosingTime: 0130M-TH 0400 F&S url: www.bluespub.hu address: Krudy Gyula 6 8th District email: terry@bluespub.hu ________Bars and Cafes Edit This Soul cafe Soul cafe Kadri Mäesalu For Sale Bar [Add Bar] Amstel river cafe Edit This A real Dutch cafe in the downtown. Great food, friendly staff. The best meeting point in Budapest. World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +3612664334 address: Párizyi u. 6 The Caledonia Edit This The crowds gather for a good Scottish Beer The crowds gather for a good Scottish Beer photo by: Zsuzsa Bozo The Caledonia is a great new Scottish Bar in the centre of Budapest (nr Oktogon) offering a great range of food, beer and whisky. Staff are very friendly and you can also catch all the sport - including matches covered by BBC and ITV. Try the all day Scottish breakfast - no doubt the best to be had in Budapest. They even sell Belhaven Best all the way from Dunbar just outside Edinburgh. World66 rating: [rate it] tel: (0036 1) 311 7611 address: Mozsar utca 9 Mai Mano Edit This Mai Mano Mai Mano photo by: Kadri Mäesalu For a good coffee and a nice chilling on pillows there’s an adorable little place called Mai Manó. The location is good and the atmosphere is very "sunday-afternoon". World66 rating: [rate it] address: Nagymezo utca Soul Cafe Edit This Soul cafe Soul cafe photo by: Kadri Mäesalu Soul cafe is a great place for a nice afternoon café latte and great cheesecake. For spending time in the evening i'd advise you make a reservation beforehand. World66 rating: [rate it] address: Radaj st 11-13 Cafe Eklektika Edit This Cafe Eklektika, Budapest Cafe Eklektika, Budapest photo by: Siri Schwartzman Dim lights, Hungarian contemporary paintings, and an eclectic mix of furniture make up this evocative and cool, yet cozy cafe. Eklektika's menu offers a selection of snacks and meals, including sandwiches, pasta dishes and Hungarian-style savory pancakes. They also serve a selection of Hungarian wines. Open from Monday to Friday 10:00-24:00, (they serve nice breakfast too), Saturday-Sunday: 12:00-24:00 (breakfast till 6 pm) World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +36 1 266 1226 address: Nagymezo utca 30. Nothin' But The Blues Pub - Budapest Edit This For more than 15 years, Nothin' But the Blues has been the ‘House of Blues’ of Budapest. Now the oldest venue for blues in town is under new American and English ownership. The offers start with live music on Thursdays and Saturdays, plus special events and guest artists on the house “beer guitar” (you too can give it a shot: play a song, get a free beer!) Breakfast, a rarity in Budapest is from 8:30am, (especially out on the summer terrace). Sit in the sun and enjoy the traditional FULL ENGLISH BREAKFAST or A BREAKFAST more.. World66 rating: [rate it] accessibility: Mon-Thu: 8:30am-1:30am, Fri & Sat: 8:30am-4am, Sun: 8:30am-late tel: +36.20.404.0304 address: Hungary - 1088 Budapest, Krúdy Gyula utca 6. For Sale Bar Edit This i photo by: Patrick Carnell A real find situated just over the bridge in front of the Gellert hotel (next to Burger King), this place is done out like a stable/wooden cabin, completely covered in Business cards/photo id's/drawings left by other's who have enjoyed its' simple but excellent services. Every table has a large bowl of Monkey nuts to enjoy with your reasonably priced beer (around HFL350 for a Staropramen)- a great place to go whilst your mates are being ripped off at the lappy 'round the corner! But that's not all, upstairs there is a fantastic little resaturant with to die for food, again at more.. World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +36 1 267 0276 address: Vamhaz korut, 2 Budapest 1053 ____________Festivals Edit This There are many festivals through out the year in Budapest. One big pop-cultural festival is called "sziget". This festival takes place on one of the islands in Hungary. Thousands of people go to it to enjoy food, music, culture, and people. On Aug 20th, they have fireworks, and festivals on the side of the Danube. There are also many festivals for people of all ages. Many Budapest portal websites will give you dates, and places for these. |
| ****Questo articolo č rilasciato sotto i termini della
GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest Cronologia http://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budapest&action=history BudapestDa Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.
Budapest (IPA: ['budɒˌpɛʃt]) č la capitale dell'Ungheria e capoluogo della provincia di Pest, pur non facendone amministrativamente parte. Č la maggiore cittŕ ungherese per numero di abitanti, attualmente 1,7 milioni, e centro primario del paese per la vita politica, economica, industriale e culturale. La sua massima espansione si č avuta nel 1989 quando ha toccato quota 2.113.645 abitanti. Budapest nasce ufficialmente nel 1873 con l'unione delle cittŕ Buda e Óbuda situate sulla sponda occidentale del Danubio con la cittŕ Pest situata sulla sponda orientale.
[modifica]
Storia della cittŕBudapest - Ponte Széchenyi, meglio conosciuto come Ponte delle Catene La nascita di Budapest storicamente si fa coincidere con la fondazione, nell'89 d.C., dell'avamposto romano Aquincum su di un preesistente sito celtico, nei pressi di Óbuda, capitale dal 106 al quarto secolo d.C. della provincia romana della Pannonia inferiore. L'area fu occupata intorno all'anno 898 dal popolo dei Magiari (la principale delle sette tribů ungare), gli antenati degli odierni Ungheresi, che un secolo piů tardi fondarono il Regno d'Ungheria. Giŕ luogo di una certa importanza, Pest venne ricostruita velocemente dopo la distruzione ad opera degli invasori Tartari nel 1241, ma fu Buda, sede del Palazzo Reale sin da 1247, a diventare la capitale dell'Ungheria. La conquista da parte dei Turchi di gran parte dell'Ungheria nel sedicesimo secolo interruppe la crescita della cittŕ: Pest cadde in mano agli invasori nel 1526 e Buda la seguě 15 anni piů tardi. Mentre Buda rimase la sede del governo Turco, Pest fině in rovina prima della riconquista nel 1686 da parte delle truppe asburgiche. Fu Pest, dal 1723 sede amministrativa del regno, a conoscere tra il diciottesimo e diciannovesimo secolo il maggior tasso di crescita, anche grazie all'inglobamento di centri abitati adiacenti. Nel 1800 Pest era piů grande di Buda e Óbuda messe insieme, e nel corso del secolo crebbe di venti volte fino a raggiungere i 600.000 abitanti. La fusione delle tre cittŕ di Buda, Óbuda e Pest in un'unica amministrazione, dapprima messa in atto dal governo rivoluzionario Ungherese nel 1849, poi revocata dalla restaurata autoritŕ asburgica, venne infine resa effettiva dal governo autonomo ungherese instaurato col "Compromesso" austro-ungarico del 1867 (vedi Austria-Ungheria). La popolazione totale dell'area unificata crebbe tra il 1840 e il 1900 fino a 730.000 abitanti. Budapest - Veduta di Pest, del Parlamento e del Danubio Durante il ventesimo secolo la maggiore espansione demografica č avvenuta nei sobborghi, con Újpest che ha piů che raddoppiato le sue dimensioni dal 1890 al 1910 e Kispest che le ha quintuplicate dal 1900 al 1920, a causa del fatto che la gran parte delle industrie del paese si sono concentrate nella cittŕ. Le perdite umane della Prima Guerra Mondiale e la perdita conseguente alla sconfitta di due terzi del territorio del paese (1920) causarono un temporaneo rallentamento, lasciando Budapest capitale di uno stato piů piccolo ma finalmente sovrano. Nel 1930 la cittŕ giunse a contare un milione di abitanti, piů altri 400.000 nei sobborghi. Durante l'occupazione tedesca della Seconda Guerra Mondiale, circa un terzo dei 250.000 abitanti di origine ebraica di Budapest persero la vita nell'Olocausto. Tra il 1944 e l'inzio del 1945 i nazisti e la polizia ungherese (controllata dal governo collaborazionista del partito delle Croci Frecciate) deportarono gran parte degli ebrei nei campi di sterminio. Nonostante ciň, Budapest č la cittŕ europea con la maggior percentuale di popolazione ebraica. Danneggiata gravemente durante l'assedio Sovietico dell'inverno seguente, la cittŕ fu ricostruita nel dopoguerra. Nel 1956 la cittŕ fu uno dei maggiori teatri della Rivolta d'Ungheria e dei conseguenti scontri tra la popolazione e le truppe sovietiche, che portarono alla sconfitta degli insorti ed alla repressione. Negli anni '60, la capitale divenne in qualche modo una vetrina delle politiche piů pragmatiche intraprese dal governo del paese dopo i fatti del 1956. Dopo la caduta del regime comunista (1989), Budapest ha riallacciato i suoi tradizionali legami economici e culturali con l'Europa occidentale, ponendosi come capofila nel tumultuoso passaggio al capitalismo dei paesi centro europei ex socialisti. A partire dagli anni '90, seguendo una linea di tendenza comune a tutta l'Ungheria, Budapest ha subito un calo demografico causato dall'emigrazione e dalla decrescita naturale della popolazione.
[modifica]
Andamento demograficoIl parlamento ungherese, Budapest, veduta notturna
[modifica]
Circoscrizioni di BudapestLe circoscrizioni di Budapest sono 23 e consistono in aree molto estese che hanno una propria organizzazione e amministrazione locale.
[modifica]
Tabán, Vár (Castello) - I CircoscrizioneSi trova sulla riva destra del Danubio e conta piů di 30 000 abitanti. Essa č meglio conosciuta con il nome di "Castello" ed č la piů visitata dai turisti. Sul territorio di questa circoscrizione si trovano tracce di insediamenti umani che risalgono all'etŕ della pietra. La chiesa di Santo Stefano
[modifica]
Rózsadomb, Pasarét - II CircoscrizioneSituato a nord del "Castello" in un elegante quartiere tranquillo, č conosciuto come "Rózsadomb", cioč "collina delle rose", nome derivato dalla presenza del turco Gül Baba che riempě gli spazi verdi di roseti.
[modifica]
Óbuda - III CircoscrizioneIn questo luogo, sempre a nord, si stabilě l' accampamento romano che diede origine ad Aquincum, nucleo di quella che oggi č la cittŕ di Budapest e, all'origine, la frontiera piů a nord dell' Impero Romano. Degli anfiteatri, palazzi e colonnati tipici dell'architettura dell'Impero Romano, oggi rimane poco e quei pochi resti salvati dalle razzie della storia si trovano quasi tutti nella piazza principale, Fö tér, presso gli scavi archeologici di Aquincum ed il relativo museo.
[modifica]
Újpest - IV Circoscrizionela Circoscrizione di Újpest (Nuova Pest) venne fondata dalla comunitŕ ebraica prima di essere annesso a Budapest. Essa č situata sulla riva sinistra del Danubio e, secondo i dati del censimento del 1990, conta 115 000 abitanti. Tra le circoscrizioni č la piů recente della cittŕ con la prima casa costruita nel 1832. Nell'anno 1940 l'area fu dichiarata villaggio e tra il 1907 e il 1929 diventň un comune per poi diventare, nel 1950, cittŕ ed essere annessa a Budapest capitale diventando la IV Circoscrizione.
[modifica]
Belváros, Lipótváros - V CircoscrizioneBelváros č il vero e proprio centro di Pest, dallo stile barocco che si estende lungo il fiume davanti alla collina del castello. L'area che abbraccia č quella compresa tra il Kishörut (Piccolo Corso) ed il Danubio, vi si trova anche il bellissimo mercato coperto di "Vásárcsarnok" che puň considerarsi uno dei piů grandi d'Europa. Qui č il vero centro commerciale, economico e amministrativo della cittŕ.
[modifica]
Terézváros - VI CircoscrizioneAd est della V Circoscrizione, Terézváros, la "Cittŕ di Teresa" č formata da strade molto eleganti dove si concentrano le sedi di diverse ambasciate e grandi palazzi. Questa Circoscrizione viene chiamata il ghetto goy (non ebreo) per una lunga polemica con il vicino quartiere ebraico.
[modifica]
Erzsébetváros - VII CircoscrizioneSi tratta del quartiere ebraico č dietro alla Sinagoga che ancora fa da punto di riferimento per i visitatori, č visibile ancora quello che rimane dell'antico ghetto ebraico. É un luogo tranquillo e ancora si vedono, qui e lŕ, resti delle vecchie sinagoghe e piccoli negozi che conservano l'aspetto di molti decenni or sono. Uno dei temi architettonici che ricorrono in questa circoscrizione sono i piccoli cortili e i vicoli interconessi tra i vari edifici.
[modifica]
| ||||||||||||||||||||||