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| Belgrade Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Church of Saint Mark the Apostle and Evangelist Church of Saint Mark the Apostle and Evangelist Duarte Teixeira Belgrade is back on the tourist track! After the war and the Milosevic years that followed it, Serbia is opening up to foreign travelers with Belgrade beeing right on the main road crossing from Central Europe to the Balkans. It is located on Sava and Danube banks which makes it very popular tourist destination for rivership cruisers. Erected by Celts in 3rd century BC on the spot where ancient Vinca culture flourished 6000 years ago, Belgrade is considered by some to be one of the oldest cities on Earth- even though the outlook of the town does not tell us this story. Nonetheless, Belgrade has been raised to the ground some 56 times in verified history alone, which earned the city's nickname "Cursed lady", "House of Wars" etc. Some of the most prominent governours of the city include Greeks, Romans, Avars, Huns, Franks, Arabs, Hungarians, Bulgarians, Germans, Turks and Serbs. This mixture of cultures resonates strongly in the city's spirit centuries later. With its mix of old splendour and communist architecture the city breathes its ambition to be the Paris of the region. Which it does rather well with it's numerous hip bars, superbe restaurants and chique fashion stores. The Knez Mihailova is the major axis of downtown Belgrade. This pedestrian only street, is one of the best looking streets in Belgrade with many 19-th century buildings and the perfect place to go shopping. Knez Mihailova and the surrounding streets are home to some of the top fashion brands, including Hugo Boss, Escada, Fratelli Rossetti, Giorgio Armani, and many more. The street is the ideal place to go and contemplate Belgraders. The street links the Terazije square with Kalemegdan fortress. Just next to Knez Mihailova street stands the Republic Square boasting the impressive National Theatre and the National Museum of Serbia. Kalemegdan park and its fortress, which overlooks most of the city is the closest thing to a real "tourist attraction". From the fortress you can see how well Belgrade is positioned at the crossroads of the rivers Danube and Sava. Skadarlija is the place to head for when dawn falls. The cobble-stone street is filled with restaurants featuring live music and couple of interesting nightspots. These rae the best places to meet U.N. workers on leave, diplomats and the increasing number of Western businessmen. The famous restaurants are "Sesir moj", "Tri sesira"... Ada Ciganlija, Belgrade 's most popular city beach, is great place to relax during hot summer days. It is only 4 km far from city center. You can enjoy swimming in lake made by Sava river, or have a water skiing. Ada has various sport playgrounds for volleyball, basketball, football and even golf. You can always take a break in Ada's nice by the water cafes. __________Sights Edit This Knez Mihajlova Street. Knez Mihajlova Street. Here are a few suggestions for a visit. Display all or display just: Castles Churches and Cathedrals Hotspots Public Buildings Squares Streets Show best rated on top | Show in alphabetical order [Add Sight] Krsmanovic Mansion Edit This Situated in Terazije Street, it was built in 1885 for the Belgrade merchant Aleksa Krsmanovic. The architect was Jovan Ilkic. As one of the most alluring buildings at the time, it was temporarily used for accommodation of Crown Prince Alexandar I, when the official Court premises were badly damaged in WWI (1918-1919). This is the place where the unification of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (i.e. formation of Yugoslavia) was proclaimed in 1918. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] Knez Mihailova Street Edit This Knez Mihajlova Street. Knez Mihajlova Street. Knez Mihailova Street of Belgrade with a row of mansions, nice examples of 19th century architecture. This was the first street in Belgrade to be regulated and officially named. Nowadays, the street is blocked off to all vehicular traffic and reserved for the pedestrians only. It is the main shopping mall and promenade connecting Republic Square with Kalemegdan Park and the Fortress area (an archaeological and historical zone of the city). type: Streets World66 rating: [rate it] Princess Ljubica's Residence Edit This A court of Duke Milos Obrenovic, who founded the modern Serbian state in the 19th century. The building is the best example of an old and combined construction technique: traditional (Turkish) daub and wattle system has been supported here by refined brickwork. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] Crvena Zvezda Stadium Edit This Red Star Belgrade Stadium Red Star Belgrade Stadium The Marakana is home to the most successful Eastern European team of all time- Red Star Belgrade. If you are in Belgrade during a European match of Red Star Belgrade be sure to go and watch as the fans - The Delije- are one of the most feared fans in Europe as they support their team for the full match no matter the result. The stadium holds the record for the one of the largest Champions League final attendance of approximately 91,000. It has also hosted the final of the European Football championships. The biggest attendance was over 100,000. Today it's capacity more.. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] accessibility: by bus lines 59 an 78 address: Ljutice Bogdana st. 1 Old Town Edit This Belgrade has two parts to it: the old and the new. Although the new has more modern buildings, the old part is very reminiscent to that of Prague and other Central Eastern metropolitans. It above the river surrounded by 18th and 19th century architechture, fortresses, restaurants, cafes and beautiful scenery. It is truly a must for any traveler. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] Fortress Edit This The fortress is the most remarkable monument of history preserved in the city. This is where the remains of Belgrade's distant past can best be seen: the site where Belgrade was founded as a small fortified settlement in the 1st century AD, and on which it developed right down to the second half of the 18th century. Along with artillery structures of the mid-18th century, there are medieval ramparts, towers, gates and barbicans (15th century), and some Byzantine and Roman remains. This historical site is surrounded by a city park, bearing the old Turkish name of this place - Kalemegdan. type: Castles World66 rating: [rate it] St. Sava Temple Edit This Although still under construction, this monumental temple is the third largest Orthodox church in Europe and with its huge cupola (4.000 tons in weight) represents one of the most outstanding landmarks of Belgrade. It is dedicated to St. Sava (Rastko Nemanjic), who founded Serbian Orthodox Church and was the first archbishop. type: Churches and Cathedrals World66 rating: [rate it] Terazije Street Edit This Terazije Street with the Moskva Hotel (1906) and the Old drinking fountain (1868). Conveniently located between two main Belgrade's squares, this spot represents the heart of Belgrade. The name of the street is of Turkish origin ("Water scales"), referring to the old water supply system during the period of Ottoman rule. Two high "towers" - water collectors were located here, resembling a scale (scales) and this is how the place got its name. The Moskva Hotel, as the major hallmark of this area, is the only hotel in the world outside Russia that bears this name. type: Streets World66 rating: [rate it] Republic Square Edit This Republic square with the National Theatre (1868) and the Monument to Prince Michael Obrenovic (1882, by E. Pazzi). The equestrian statue is cast in bronze (Mueller Foundry, Munich). Behind the monument is the National Museum (not presented here), founded in 1844. type: Squares World66 rating: [rate it] The Parliament Edit This The Parliament is one of the most attractive palace-style buildings in Belgrade. It was constructed in the period 1906-36 after the projects of the architect Jovan Ilkic. Construction works were completed under the supervision of his son, Pavle Ilkic. The palace is an example of various architectural styles applied: Neo-Renaissance, Baroque, Classicism. Great attention was also dedicated to the internal decorations. The front entrance of the building is decorated by two monumental sculpture groups of the black horses, authored by Toma Rosandic. type: Public Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] The City Hall Edit This The City Hall is situated in a former Royal Court, built in the late 19th century for King Milan Obrenovic. It is one of the most important architectonic achievements in town, built on the basis of the Italian Renaissance. The building was reconstructed on various occasions, but the original design by Aleksandar Bugarski has been faithfully preserved. type: Public Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] The Bridges of Belgrade Edit This Two parts of the modern city situated by the confluence of two rivers are connected with 5 bridges on the Sava and 1 bridge on the Danube. On the river's right bank is the historical nucleus of Belgrade and on the left bank is New Belgrade, a modern residential area built after WWII. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] __________Practical Information Edit This Visas: Visitors from Australia, the US, Canada and most European countries do not require a visa for a visit of up to 90 days. For those who do need a visa, they are not available at the border and you must get one in advance from a Serbian consulate. [Add Practical address] Serbian currency Edit This The Serbian currency is the Serbian Dinar which comes in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, and 5000 dinars; as well as coins of 50 paras (1 dinar = 100 paras), 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 dinars. Credit cards (Visa, Eurocard, MasterCard, Diners Club) are accepted in most shops, and ATMs are widely available in downtown Belgrade. You can use Visa, Visa Electron, Plus, MasterCard, Eurocard, Maestro, Cirrus branded cards to withdraw money from an ATM. Belgrade ATMs require 4-digit pin codes. type: Money matters World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.totallybelgrade.com _____________Tours and Excursions Edit This Though Belgrade has never been among the most popular travel destinations of Europe, the city can offer a lot of attractions to its visitors. The Serbian capital is one of the oldest towns in this part of Europe. The remains of its long and turbulent history still exist on a hill overlooking the mouth of two rivers, the Sava and Danube. That is the site of the fortress of Belgrade - in fact of a complex of various fortifications which were built, torn down and subsequently rebuilt over the centuries at the same place. Many historical layers come one upon the other. The present-day archaeological and historical site is surrounded by the most attractive city park, bearing the old Turkish name of this place - Kalemegdan ... There are some other attractions in town that should also be visited, such as the Old Town area with the Orthodox Cathedral, the intriguing "?" (Question-mark sign) Inn and the oldest preserved residence of Serbian rulers in Belgrade - Princess Ljubica's Residence. For a day out of Belgrade there are multiple choices: you can visit Vojvodina to the north, Sumadija to the south, or the Danube area to the east. You are going to discover fascinating landscapes, charming quaint villages, amazingly beautiful monasteries and some superb fortifications and castles. ________Day Trips Edit This The Castle of Golubac The Castle of Golubac Relatively small in size, Serbia is huge in history and tradition. A country of so many nationalities, accents, customs and ways of life deserves to be explored in depth: from sophisticated places of the capital to Sumadija's unrestrained rural charm; from the flat land of the north to the exciting scenery of the south; from sturdy fortifications of the Middle Ages to postmodernist architecture of today; from the flavor of the East to the taste of the West. Serbia is a wonder-full place! Here are the three most frequently taken day trips from Belgrade: Monasteries of Serbia If you are a history and heritage addict, do not miss to see some of the crowning achievements of Serbian medieval sacral architecture. Two 500 years-old monasteries, Manasija (Manasiya) and Ravanica (Ravanitsa) are conviniently situated in the relative vicinity of the Belgrade-Nis highway (autoput). The first monastery lies close to the town of Despotovac and the letter is near the city of Paracin/Cuprija . Both monuments with their still active religious life date back to the late 14 th and the early 15 th centuries. Architecturally, the churches belong to what is called Morava School though you’ll notice some differences between the two. Manasija monastery is the best example of monasteries-fortresses, for it is entirely surrounded by mighty remparts and defensive towers. As for Ravanica, its five-domed Church of the Ascension displays rather badly damaged but very fine frescoes. A transparent coffin containing relics of the great and highly devoted Serbian ruler Prince Lazar, killed in the battle of Kosovo in 1389 and soon afterwards declared saint, is now displayed in this church (the relics can be seen only on Sundays). Vojvodina In the north of Serbia and in the southeast of the vast Pannonian Plain, bordered by the rivers Danube and Sava and by the state borders with Hungary and Romania, lies the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. For centuries, the region of Vojvodina has been the point of great migrations of the Serbs from the south. Because of its extraordinary soil and climate, this agricultural and mainly flat region has been not only the breadbasket of the country but also the most developed area of Serbia in general. Even today and despite the wars in former Yugoslavia, this peaceful region has retained its centuries-long and recognizable points: its multinational, multicultural and multi-confessional features. The area is well connected with Belgrade with numerous regular bus departures and a few trains that serve Belgrade-Novi Sad line. You should visit the following attractions: Sremski Karlovci is a town of extraordinary cultural heritage. It was the spiritual and cultural centre of the Serbs in the 18th and 19th centuries and the meeting place of almost all Serbian national-church assemblies. There are several monuments of architectural and artistic interest, such as a Baroque-style fountain from 1790, the Karlovci High School from the end of the 19th century with decorative elements reminiscent of mediaeval Serbian buildings, the Patriarch's Palace - once the most imposing building in the whole region, the Cathedral Church from the mid-18th century, and many others. Petrovaradin Fortress ('Gibraltar on the Danube') is a fascinating artillery structure located on a small hill on the right bank of the Danube opposite modern Novi Sad. The Ottoman Turks captured it in 1526 and held it for 130 years when it passed into the hands of the Austrians. This marked the beginning of several successive reconstructions and enlargements. The last one was carried out in the mid-18th century, when the fortress got its final appearance. Its massive walls built to resist heavy artillery encompass the lower garrison town and extend to the bank of the river. Subterranean galleries run beneath the walls, and there is a number of buildings within the fortress, which were once used as barracks and now house a museum, the archives and art studios. Novi Sad is the capital of the Province of Vojvodina, a charming city with an attractive pedestrianised area, lined with open-air cafes and restaurants. Forts and Castles on the Danube There are many surviving fortifications from the Middle Ages, during the period of the highly-developed and powerful feudal state. The enormous, usually stone, ruins of these can be found all over the country. There were several types of castle or fortress: on the frontiers or at strategic points for the defense, beside mining settlements or market-places, above the most important towns and, finally, around the great monastic centers (monasteries). Following the bank of the Danube downstream you can reach Smederevo, the last capital of the medieval Serbian state where a well-preserved mighty fortress can be visited. The town itself is a charming place with a beautiful church on the main square. There is frequent regular bus service from Belgrade, scheduled at every 30 or 60 minutes. If you proceed further towards the Iron Gates Gorge, you will reach the slightly dilapidated castle of Golubac, otherwise a superb medieval ruin situated at the entrance to the Djerdap Gorge. The mighty citadel was built in the second half of the 13th century on inaccessible rocks above the Danube, at the point where the riverbed begins to narrow, allowing the citadel to monitor all traffic across the Danube. With its nine towers, each between 20 and 25 meters high, and all connected by a curtain wall with an average width of 2.8 m, the castle was once used as a stronghold on the right bank of the Danube. __________Nightlife and Entertainment Edit This Nighlife in Belgrade is something that every tourist is fond of. You can find a wide spectar of clubs and bars that work every night. Serbians are friendly and not a hard - working nation, so you don't have to wait for weekends to go out! The girls in Belgrade are absolutely the most beautiful you can find in this part of Europe. The bartenders are always in a good mood and love to get people drunk. Cover charges are never too much either. Splavovi (restaurants and clubs that are on boats and water) are a great place to spend warm summer nights in Belgrade. The atmosphere is great and the music has many ranges. Mostly in clubs you will hear Serbian Turbofolk, Trance, House, and Hip Hop. Recently, according to several local, regional and international news magazines, papers and news agencies, notably The New York Times and CNN , Belgrade has become quite the regional night life hub, boasting cheap drinks and accommodation in comparison to the rest of Europe and the regional capitals like Zagreb, Budapest, and even Athens. Weekend fun-seeking visitors from Europe and most notably from Croatia and Slovenia revere Belgrade as "the-place-to-be", citing friendly atmosphere, great clubs and bars, cheap drinks, language they can understand and lack of restrictive night life regulation. |
| Questo articolo è rilasciato sotto i termini della
GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrado Cronologia/Autori: http://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belgrado&action=history BelgradoDa Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.
Belgrado (in serbo Београд - Beograd; in ungherese Nándorfehévár), è una città (1.553.854 ab.) capitale della Serbia. Situata alla confluenza della Sava nel Danubio; importante nodo di comunicazioni stradali, ferroviarie, fluviali tra oriente e occidente.
[modifica] StoriaA partire dal III secolo a.C., nei pressi di Belgrado era presente un insediamento celtico, successivamente conquistato dall'Impero Romano (Singidunum). In seguito fu conquistata prima dai Bizantini e poi dal Regno di Bulgaria. Da questo momento in poi la città è conosciuta come Beligrad (fortezza bianca o città bianca). Durante il Medioevo essa è divenuta parte del Regno di Serbia. Successivamente è stata occupata dall'Ungheria e dopo poco tempo dall'Impero Ottomano, anche se la storica resistenza agli Ottomani del 1456 si dice che abbia deciso la sorte della cristianità. Belgrado è rimasta sotto il potere degli ottomani per quasi tre secoli. Inoltre è stata occupata dall'Austria per ben tre volte (1688-1690, 1717-1789, 1789-1791). Con la fuga degli ultimi turchi (1867), l'indipendenza della Serbia nel 1878 e la proclamazione del Regno di Serbia nel 1882, Belgrado è diventata la città chiave della zona dei Balcani, ma la Serbia restava un paese altamente agricolo, tanto che nel 1900 la città contava soltanto 69.000 abitanti. Dopo le occupazioni delle truppe austro-ungariche e di quella tedesca dal 1915-1918 (durante la Prima Guerra Mondiale), Belgrado ha sperimentato una crescita molto rapida e una modernizzazione considerevole come la capitale del nuovo Regno di Iugoslavia, negli anni '20. Nel 1931 la città contava 239.000 abitanti. Il 6 aprile del 1941, Belgrado ha subito un durissimo bombardamento da parte delle forze tedesche, che ha causato migliaia di vittime, e la Iugoslavia fu invasa in questo periodo dagli eserciti tedeschi, italiani, ungheresi e bulgari. La città è rimasta sotto l'occupazione tedesca fino al 20 ottobre del 1944, quando fu liberata dalla guerriglia iugoslava e dall'Armata Rossa. Nel periodo del dopoguerra, Belgrado è cresciuta molto rapidamente come capitale della nuova Iugoslavia, sviluppandosi come grande centro industriale del paese. Per un breve periodo Sarajevo venne considerata come candidata per diventare capitale dello stato iugoslavio, ma ciò non è mai avvenuto. Il 9 marzo del 1991, si ebbero numerose manifestazioni contro Slobodan Milosevic nella città. Durante gli scontri due persone hanno perso la vita e l'esercito ha dovuto utilizzare i carrarmati per restaurare l'ordine in città. Belgrado è stata bombardata dalle forze aeree della NATO durante la guerra del Kosovo nel 1999, e ha subito danni considerevoli. I bombardamenti hanno colpito i ministeri della difesa, dell'interno e delle finanze, la residenza presidenziale, alcune stazioni radio-televisive, l'ospedale Dragisa Misovic, case private nella zona di Zvezdara, la sede del partito socialista, l'hotel Jugoslavija e l'ambasciata cinese. Gli ufficiali della NATO hanno dichiarato che quest'ultima è stata bombardata per errore, perché i piloti americani hanno usata mappe della città vecchie, che non riportavano gli ultimi aggiornamenti. Dopo le elezioni del 2000, che sono state caratterizzate da numerosi brogli, Belgrado è stata teatro di numerosi manifestazioni, che causarono le dimissioni e il conseguente arresto di Slobodan Milosevic. Dopo lo scioglimento dell'Unione di Serbia e Montenegro, oggi la città è la capitale della Serbia.
[modifica] ClimaIl clima di Belgrado è molto vario. In inverno, un vento molto freddo, la Kosava, colpisce la città da nord-est. L'estate è di solito molto calda, con temperature spesso superiori a 40°C. I mesi con il clima più piacevole sono maggio, settembre e ottobre.
[modifica] Divisione amministrativa
Il tempio di S.Sava
La città è suddivisa in 17 municipalità, 10 urbane e 7 suburbane:
Municipalità urbane:
[modifica] ArchitetturaLe varie parti di Belgrado sono molto diverse tra loro dal punto di vista architettonico. Il centro, in particolare il quartiere di Zemun, è molto tipico, con le case e le strade costruite dai Turchi, e per questo molto particolari. Il resto della città, in particolare i quartieri più periferici hanno un aspetto moderno. Questa zona è chiamata Нови Београд (Nuova Belgrado).
Il grattacielo Beogradjanka
Alcuni famosi edifici di Belgrado sono:
Alcune importanti strade e piazze della città sono:
Altri famosi siti turistici di Belgrado sono il monte Avala, i quartieri Kalemegdan e Dedinje.
[modifica] MuseiAlcuni dei musei più prominenti di Belgrado sono:
[modifica] Trasporti
[modifica] AutobusIn Serbia sono molto utilizzati gli autobus, perché sono piuttosto veloci e hanno prezzi modici:
[modifica] MetropolitanaLa metropolitana è gestita dalla società Beovoz. Ci sono tre linee con 23 stazioni. Al momento soltanto alcune stazioni si sviluppano nel sottosuolo.
[modifica] Trasporto aereoL'aeroporto è situato 12 chilometri ad ovest di Belgrado, vicino a Surčin. È collegato con Belgrado dall'autostrada Belgrado-Zagabria. 18 linee aeree straniere hanno uffici all'aeroporto internazionale di Belgrado. L'aeroporto di Belgrado e alcune compagnie aeree straniere, tra le quali figura la American Airlines, stanno recentemente (2006) definendo alcune trattative per ammodernare tutta la struttura che, avvantaggiata dalla sua posizione strategica, dovrebbe diventare un importante scalo internazionale per l'Asia.
[modifica] Trasporto fluvialeBelgrado è una città che si trova su due fiumi - il Sava ed il Danubio. Tuttavia, non ci sono linee di trasporto lungo i due corsi d'acqua.
[modifica] Sport e Tempo liberoLa città di Belgrado ha ospitato numerosi eventi sportivi in passato. Belgrado inoltre ospiterà l'Universiade estiva del 2009. Impianti sporivi della città:
Ada Ciganlija è un'isola sul fiume Sava, dove vi sono molti campi sportivi e dove spesso gli abitanti di Belgrado trascorrono il tempo libero. È un oasi di verde, e d'estate è uno dei pochi luoghi dove si può trovare refrigerio dalla canicula. Vi sono numerosi campi di golf, calcio, pallacanestro, pallavolo, tennis. È possibile praticare anche sport estremi come il bangee jumping o lo sci nautico.
[modifica] Vita notturnaA Belgrado è molto facile trovare club e discoteche aperti tutta la notte fino all'alba. La vita notturna si sviluppa spesso lungo le rive del Danubio e del fiume Sava, su imbarcazioni adibite a ristoranti e discoteche sull'acqua. Alcuni dei club più popolari in città sono l'Andergound, il club 54, BlayWatch e il Pink cabaret. I quartieri lungo il Danubio ospitano anche una comunità gay; questa zona è ricca di locali per omosessuali.
[modifica] Città gemellateBelgrado è gemellata con le seguenti città:
[modifica] Collegamenti esterni
[modifica] Eventi
[modifica] Informazioni turistiche
[modifica] Live-Cam a Belgrado
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