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| Austria Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Schloss Schonbrunn, Vienna Schloss Schonbrunn, Vienna Barrie Pepper Located in central Europe, Austria is a landlocked country bordered by the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy and Switzerland. The country was a centre of power in Europe at the time when it was ruled by the mighty Habsburgs. Although today it is relegated to being a minor player in the European Union, Austria offers some of the most impressive destinations on the Continent. The capital Vienna was once the citadel of the Habsburgs who ruled the country for over 600 years. The city is an architectural gem and a centre of music from the medieval times. The Hofburg (Imperial Palace) and the adjoining Augustinian Church are two of the marvels of architecture. Other notable sights in Vienna include the Museum of Fine Arts, Belvedere Palace, and the Sigmund Freud Museum. The southern city of Graz with its UNESCO World Heritage Old Town, the largest in central Europe, has a very relaxed and mediterranean flair. It is situated on the sunny side of the Alps and offers an exciting architectural mix between old - winding lanes and the remains of a castle that has never been taken - and new - Kunsthaus gallery with its blue bubble and an artificial island in the river - both created for Cultural Capital of Europe recently. With every sixth inhabitant being a student, it also offers a lively pub scene. The hilly wine growing region nearby is a great destination for an excursion. Salzburg, the city that gave Mozart to the world, is a picturesque abode surrounded by tall mountains. Your tour of Salzburg is incomplete without a visit to the 11th-century Hohensalzburg Castle, the Museum of Fine Arts, and St. Peter's Abbey. Four kilometres to the south of Salzburg is the interesting Hellbrunn Palace whose grounds contain trick fountains and water-powered figures. If destinations off-the-beaten-track fascinate you, Austria has plenty of them too. Wels and Steyr are small cities worth a visit. Rust, and Gurk are some good places to explore along with the Eisriesenwelt Caves, which, incidentally, are the largest accessible ice caves in the world. Another interesting place to visit is Bad_Ischl, the famous spa, where the Austrian Emperors spent their holidays. Austria is thronged by tourists round the year. Summer is the ideal time for sightseeing while in winter the slopes of the Alps offer ample opportunities for skiing. The Arlberg region with St. Anton or Salzburg with Radstadt has some of the best skiing resorts in Austria. Up in the Alps, the Gemuetlichkeit of the Austrians makes you enjoy a stay in the snow, skiing or hiking. __________History Edit This The Austro-Hungarian Empire played a decisive role in Central European history. It occupied strategic territory containing the southeastern routes to Western Europe and the north-south routes between Germany and Italy. Although present-day Austria is only a tiny remnant of the old empire it retains this unique position. Soon after the Republic of Austria was created at the end of World War I it faced the strains of catastrophic inflation and of redesigning a government meant to rule a great empire into one that would govern only 6 million citizens. In the early 1930s worldwide depression and unemployment added to these strains and shattered traditional Austrian society. Resultant economic and political conditions led in 1933 to a dictatorship under Engelbert Dollfuss. In February 1934 civil war broke out and the Socialist Party was outlawed. In July a coup d'etat by the National Socialists failed but Dollfuss was assassinated by Nazis. In March 1938 Austria was incorporated into the German Reich a development commonly known as the "Anschluss (annexation). At the Moscow conference in 1943 the Allies declared their intention to liberate Austria and reconstitute it as a free and independent state. In April 1945 both Eastern- and Western-front Allied forces liberated the country. Subsequently Austria was divided into zones of occupation similar to those in Germany. Under the 1945 Potsdam agreements the Soviets took control of German assets in their zone of occupation. These included 7% of Austria's manufacturing plants 95% of its oil resources and about 80% of its refinery capacity. The properties were returned to Austria under the Austrian State Treaty. This treaty signed in Vienna on May 15 1955 came into effect on July 27 and under its provisions all occupation forces were withdrawn by October 25 1955. Austria became free and independent for the first time since 1938. ___________Getting Around Edit This Modern highways & bridges in Austria Modern highways & bridges in Austria Joseph Hollick While ultramodern trains zoom between the key cities at very frequent times. Smaller centres are serviced by Bundesbus, which is the most common medium of locals and international tourists who have tight budget. Though domestic flights are offered by Tyrolean airways and Austrian Airlines mainly of interest for business travel, flying isn't the way most Austrians would consider travelling. Austria isn't a huge country and, in most cases taking a train or driving is almost as fast. ____________Getting There Edit This Austria is well-connected by all kinds of communications. Generally, most travelers make their base in Vienna, which is connected by air, road and train to most of the world’s top destinations. Later, travelers who are on a limited budget, use the road for traveling while other users fly by air, which is fast and provides easy access to other cities in Austria. There are five other international airports in Austria at Graz, Linz, Innsbruck, Salzburg and Klagenfurt. Austria has excellent rail connections to all major European destinations. They are probably the most comfortable and environmentally responsible way to travel overland. Buses are generally slower and less comfortable than trains, but they are cheaper and they go to all major European countries. _____________Economy Edit This Austria has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995. Austria has a well-developed market economy with a high standard of living. With exports of goods and services reaching over 40% of GDP Austria's economy is closely integrated with other EU member countries especially with Germany. Austria's entry into the EU has drawn an influx of foreign investors attracted by Austria's access to the single European market. Labor force: total: 3.646 million (1996) by occupation: services 66.1% industry and crafts 29.6% agriculture and forestry 1.3% (salaried employees 1996) note: an estimated 150 000 Austrians are employed abroad; foreign laborers in Austria number 298 000 (1996) Industries: food iron and steel machines textiles chemicals electrical paper and pulp tourism mining motor vehicles Agriculture—products: grains potatoes sugar beets wine fruit dairy products; cattle pigs poultry; sawn wood Exports: commodities: machinery and equipment iron and steel lumber textiles paper products chemicals Imports: commodities: petroleum foodstuffs machinery and equipment vehicles chemicals textiles and clothing pharmaceuticals. Currency: Euro Exchange rates: 1 US Dollar = 0.6816 Euro 1 US Dollar = 0.6816 Euro 0.77929 Euro (EUR) = 10.72326 Austrian Schilling (ATS) 1 Euro (EUR) = 1.467 US Dollar (USD) ____________Day Trips Edit This For a more adventurous day, make a trip out to Tyrol, Austria to do some white water rafting with Feel Free Rafting. This amazing rafting company teaches you all the basics for a true rafting experience through the Alps of Austria. The guides are very professional and experienced. Whether you have a large group, or a family of four, this is a must-do trip! _________People Edit This Population: 8 133 611 (July 1998 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 17% (male 709 890; female 673 696) 15-64 years: 68% (male 2 783 569; female 2 707 113) 65 years and over: 15% (male 471 924; female 787 419) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 0.05% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 9.89 births/1 000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 10.05 deaths/1 000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: 0.65 migrant(s)/1 000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 5.16 deaths/1 000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77.31 years male: 74.13 years female: 80.67 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.37 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Austrian(s) adjective: Austrian Ethnic groups: German 99.4% Croatian 0.3% Slovene 0.2% other 0.1% Religions: Roman Catholic 78% Protestant 5% other 17% Languages: German Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% (1974 est.) male: NA% female: NA% :::::::::::Bad Gastein Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see The waterfall in Bad Gastein The waterfall in Bad Gastein Rene Hasekamp Bad Gastein in the Salzburgerland in Austria once was the place where Kings, Queens and the "Rich and Famous" went. It has always been famous of their healthy baths containing radon. Using these baths is supposed to help against many diseases, in particular rheumatic diseases. Furthermore its splendid waterfall in the centre of the small town is a sight on its own, and worth a detour! Bad Gastein lived its best days as a health resort in the 19th Century and the first half of the 20th Century. In the second half of the 20th Century the town more or less "slept in" and came into decay (although not literally). It disappeared from the list of major tourist destinations in Austria. The local community tried to win back the attention of the tourists by building a Conference Centre, a very ugly building that replaced the former "Kurhaus", and a large parking garage. Furthermore the place tried to attract winter sports tourists. One of the major old hotels was transformed into a Casino. Some other hotels closed, but still others changed owner and started to flourish again. All these measures together have put Bad Gastein more or less back on the map. It nowadays is a quiet place where you can enjoy a holiday in natural surroundings, but within easy reach of Salzburg and many smaller tourist places. Among the royal and famous guests that visited Bad Gastein are Queen Elisabeth of Austria ("Sissi"), Emperor Wilhelm of Germany and many others. The small town is located in the Gasteinertal (valley of Gastein) where also Bad Hofgastein and Dorfgastein are located. :::::::::::Baden Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Our Team Our Team Leichtfried The origin of Baden lies in the healing powers of the sulfur springs. The Romans experienced and enjoyed the waters, calling the place "Aquae". Until today, the town bases its image on the element of water in all its different aspects. Baden has held a special place in Austrian history since Emperor Francis I chose this idyllic town for his Imperial summer residence between 1814 (the year of the Vienna Congress) to 1834. Artists, intellectuals as well as the so-called "good society" followed him. The blending of art and money set a high standard and created a unique atmosphere, which the city continues to preserve. The Viennese Woods and the luscious vineyards merge into the Romantic lanes and squares of Baden forming a harmony with the Biedermeier houses creating a particular ambience that is both serene and radiant, filled with the joy of life. Only 26 kilometers from Vienna, the cultural capital of Austria, Baden offers a rich variety of baths and springs, parks and gardens, coffeehouses, idyllic wine places as well as leisure and sports facilities. :::::::::Bregenz Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see photo Bregenz is a town at the eastern end of Lake of Constance. _________Tours and Excursions Edit This If the weather is not bad, by cable-car to the top of the mountain to enjoy the wonderful view of the lake and the town. Snack bar and toilets. Contributors January 04, 2005 new by sir_malcolm (2 points) [Add New] SImon Kazarian Edit This Tourism, hotels reservation in Armenia, California, Nevada, Arizona, air ticket reservation and more... World66 rating: [rate it] tel: 3741552598 url: www.kingstour.am address: Yerevan email: info@kingstour.am ::::::::::Bregenzerwald Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Summer in Bregenzerwald Summer in Bregenzerwald Bregenzerwald Tourismus Cool and relaxing area in Austria. A lot of middle sizes ski- and snowboard areas in winter and beautiful hiking area in summer. Fair prices and gorgeous people ::::::::Gloggnitz Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see view of gloggnitz castle und "Südbahn" view of gloggnitz castle und "Südbahn" Johannes Hartl A small rural village located in a interesting area. Nearby are mountain peaks at around of 2000m. At an hour drive south of Vienna this is region is often visited for day trips and weekend trips. Some example of nice mountains are "Schneeberg" (Snowmountain) and "Rax". Also quite phenomenal is the rail-track "Semmering-bahn". This is officially UNESCO world-heritage. It is a rail track consisting of a series of bridges and tunnels linking Vienna with Trieste (Italy). It is a real landmark in engineering. Especially when you take into account that it was built in the middle of the 19th century. When you are bon-vivant you should visit this region in September. Then Most (young wine) and many other varieties of wine and juice are widely available at pubs, biergartens and heurigen. The mekka of it all is said to be found in Burgenland. This Bundesland (state) borders Hungary and offers one of the sunniest regions of all Austria. Burgenland is not to far away from Gloggnitz and with a completely different landscape you will easily forget you are in an Alpine country! ________Getting There Edit This By car drive to Vienna and then take the Sud-Autobahn, the motorway from Vienna heading south to Graz / Slovenia. By air-plane head either for Swechat-Vienna Airport or to Graz. Recently high-speed train-link service has been established between germany and Vienna which allows you to travel in reasonable time without the hassle of traffic-jams. Also night train links are available trhoughout Germany and neigbouring countries. ___________Day Trips Edit This A day's walking in one of the beatifull mountains is much worth the effort. You should head for Semmering, Rax, Schneeberg or Puchberg. Also in wintertime smaller scale up to date skiing facilities are available. If you want to discover a mountain by foot it will take you most of the day. Your achievements will be rewarding. A small tip of advice for those less experienced with mountain-hiking: locals will give advise to carefully observe the weather changes and take it seriously. Thank god they have invented mobile-phones (mobi in German)! :::::::::::Hallein Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Hallein is the second biggest town in the Salzburg province. One of the main reasons to visit is the Dürnberg salt mines. The town also has a museum of Celtic artifacts, and is the birthplace of Franz Xavier Gruber, the author of music for "Silent Night". The mines (Salzbergwerk Hallein) are easily visited on a day trip from Salzburg. On guided tours, visitors walk downhill from the ticket office to the mine entrance, then board an electric mine train that takes you deep into the caverns. From here, you go on foot through galleries, changing levels by sliding down polished wooden slides before exiting the mine on the train that brought you in. An underground museum traces the history of salt mining back to ancient times. Hallein is connected to Salzburg, 10 miles (16km) away, by both train and bus. The cable car up the Durrnberg is no longer present, but it is possible to take a bus to the entrance of the Salzbergwerk. Here is a link to the Salzbergwerk: http://www.salzwelten.at/cont/salzwelten/salzwelten_salzburg.aspx. Note under "Anreise", that you can purchase a package that includes train travel to Hallein, bus to the Salzbergwerk, the tour through the salt mine, and entry to the Celtic artifacts museum. ::::::::::Hallstatt Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Hallstatt in Autumn Hallstatt in Autumn MargF, NZ Hallstatt is a quaint town in the lake region, also known as the Salzkammergut, of Austria. It is about 20 miles east of Salzburg. Some describe it as one of the most picturesque towns in all of Europe, and it has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The town is built around a lake and surrounded by steep mountains, making the buildings a bit cramped. One of the more bizarre attractions in Hallstatt is its Charnel House. Because Hallstatt only has one very small cemetery, the bones there are periodically exhumed and placed in the Charnel House. Also nearby are the Dachstein ice caves in the town of Obertraun. There are three main caves: Koppenbrüllerhöhle, Rieseneishöhle, and Mammuthöhle (Koppenbrüller Cave, Ice Cave, and Mammoth Cave). ::::::::::Hochpustertal Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see photo It is one of the most beautiful high valleys in East Tirol close to the South Tirolean Dolomites. The resorts of Sillian, Heinfels, Strassen, Abfaltersbach, Anras,Ausservillgraten, Kartitsch, Ober- and UnterTilliach are located at an elevation of between 950 m and 1,400 m. The region's holiday offer is as varied as its landscape. Tennis, paragliding, mountain biking, cycling, swimming, cross-border hikes, horse-drawn carriage rides, culture and tradition. Choose from various accommodation types: hotels, farmhouses, inns, camp sites, etc. ::::::::::Klagenfurt Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Klagenfurt is the capital of the Austrian region of Carinthia (Kärnten). According to the legend the city was founded after brave men had killed the "Lindwurm", a dragon living in the moors around Klagenfurt. In fact the town was founded about 800 years ago by duke Hermann, a descendant of the Rhine-Franco family Spanheim. Today it is a lively and attractive city with 90.000 inhabitants. Thanks to the work of Italian architects throughout the 16th and 17th centuries the city centre has an almost southern atmosphere. Over 50 romantic courtyards were built and most of them have been renovated with great effort and are open to the public. Neverthless the city is not a museum, but a living town. Courtyards and shopping arcades house cafes, shops and restaurants which make a stroll a pleasant way to pass your time. Klagenfurt is also well worth a visit because of its many parks and the lake "Wörthersee". Klagenfurt and Lake Wörthersee lie in the south of the Province of Carinthia, close to its borders with Slovenia and Italy. While high mountain ranges form the borders between the holiday paradise of Carinthia and its neighbouring countries, the countryside opens up to the north in a picturesque landscape of rolling hills in which numerous buildings of historical significance can be found. Only a few kilometers away from Klagenfurt, for example, there is Hochosterwitz Castle, which was first mentioned in a document dating back to 860. Magdalensberg is just a few minutes' drive from the folk museum. Here you will find Austria's most extensive archaeological excavations of a Celto-roman settlement. :::::::::Koessen Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see austria tyrol accomodation austria tyrol accomodation hartmut radetzky If you want to hike, mountainbike, go skiing or snowboarding, paragliding or any sports like golf, tennis and rafting probably Koessen is the right destination for you. ::::::::Kuehnsdorf Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see We currently have no information about Kuehnsdorf. If you do know any general information about Kuehnsdorf, please [Edit this article]. ::::::::Koessen Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see austria tyrol accomodation austria tyrol accomodation hartmut radetzky If you want to hike, mountainbike, go skiing or snowboarding, paragliding or any sports like golf, tennis and rafting probably Koessen is the right destination for you. ::::::::::Kufstein Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see view from the river inn side view from the river inn side unknown Kufstein is a scenic town located in northen Tyrol on the river Inn. It is just a few kilometers away from the German border on the Munich - Innsbruck - Brennero highway. The majestic fortress is the center of many activities, and the romantic ancient town center represents an enchanting counterpart. It is attractive, with galleries, museums, exquisit shops, and traditional stores, offering high fashion trends, hospitality, fun and is simply lots of flair. ::::::::::Leibnitz Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see view from the municipial view from the municipial You can see the wine hills of the Seggau castle from afar and you know: this is a wine-region. Leibnitz is the pivotal point of the Südsteirisch wineland: the city offers great outdoor cafes with both local and international dishes and of course many steirisch wines. Many events take place in town: of course wine celebrations but also sport, music and cultural events. Great shopping, good accommodation, the Sulmflussbad for swimming ard recreation and many places nearby where you can make excellent hikes make this a good place to stay a while. Highlights include a hike to the ruins of Flavia Solva or a walk on the "Weinlehrpfad" of the local winemakers school. :::::::: Linz Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Downtown street scene Downtown street scene Jim Szabo Linz is Austria's third-largest city after Vienna and Graz. It is located in the north of the country about halfway between Vienna and Salzburg. Linz is quite an elegant city with an interesting historic Old Town Quarter with many nice patrician houses and a large pedestrian zone. It's best to start exploring the city on the Main Square and then work your way to the Old Town Quarter. There is much to discover here, from original Roman foundations to vaults dating from medieval times. Linz is also great for shopping. In the narrow side streets you will many quaint little antique shops. In particular, check the stores in the Bischofstrasse. In the summer season (March through October) there is a lively fleamarket every saturday. It is held right in the center. To get a great view of the city, take a ride on the steepest adhesion railway in the world, to the Pöstlingberg. The train passes many small stations. :::::::::::St. Anton Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Kaltenberg - the dream for a ski tour - nearby Himmlhof **** Kaltenberg - the dream for a ski tour - nearby Himmlhof **** Sebastian Penz Non-stop on- and off- slope action and pretty village base. St Anton has, along with Wengen and Mürren, a strong British tradition. From the 1920s, successive generations learned to ski here, adopting the distinctive 'feet together' Arlberg style. Sir Arnold Lunn helped start the Kandahar race here in 1928, and the resort has remained popular with good British skiers ever since. It has also become one of the world's Meccas for ski bums. That's a reflection of the wonderful, tough off-slope runs available in the bowls below the Valluga - the best that Austria has to offer. In good snow conditions they are superb. Sadly, conditions are often less than perfect except just after a fresh snowfall, because of their south-facing aspect. But if you are lucky with the snow you'll have the time of your life. There's a lot to offer adventurous intermediates too, both locally and at Lech and Zürs, a short bus-ride away. There are lots of lively discos and bars, which keep going from 3 pm to am. The resort is an ideal choice for the hard-drinking, disco-loving, keen-for-action holidaymaker who can stand the pace of getting to bed late and being up for the first lift - it's not for those who like a quiet life and gentle, uncrowded slopes. St. Anton is a terrific destination for singles to meet people and ski during the winter and enjoy outdoor activities during the summer. Prices are high, but the food, accommodations, and nightlife make it worthwhile. St. Anton is also good for couples that want to get away together. The conditions are perfect for lovers, with the awe-inspiring mountain vistas and cozy little restaurants waiting after a hard day on the slopes. It makes it the perfect setting to spice up that old romance for seniors, as well. Groups of friends will find that St. Anton is a real bargain as far as package deals go. The activities offered here are fitting to almost any category of customer and in summer, you'll find plenty to do in the way of hiking and mountain climbing here, and the scenery is unbeatable. Families will find pretty good childcare here. There are also children's ski school programs available. There is a wide choice in family-oriented restaurants where families can sit down and enjoy a meal together. St. Anton offers great skiing, and is the perfect setting for group activities during any time of the year, as it offers about the same amount of sports activities and entertainment on the bill year around. There is always a lot to do and all kinds of special packages offered, so check with you local travel agent for all the details. :::::::::::St. Johann in Tirol Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see A river runs through St. Johann A river runs through St. Johann Marilyn Hollick St. Johann in Tirol, located in the Tirolian Alps, is an important tourist centre for ski-slopes and related facilities in winter. St. Johann also is the shopping centre of the district of Kitzbühel. ::::::::Villach Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see netoffice @i talienerstrasse 21 Italienerstrasse 21 9500 Villach netoffice@nic-edv.at http://www.nic-edv.at Öffnungszeiten: Mo- Fr 9:00-20:00 Sa-So 10:00 -20:00 Preise: 1.Stunde Surfen € 3,60 Ausstattung: 8 Arbeitsstationen mit CD-Brenner, Drucker, WLan, Headset, Kamera :::::::::Zeiselmauer Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Roman ruins Roman ruins lovoist Zeiselmauer is a small village 25km northwest of Vienna. It was part of the roman Limes, which was the border wall to the wild tribes in the north. In Zeiselmauer you can still find a lot of the Roman heritage, eg. the highest roman tower north of the alps ::::::::::Zell am See Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see i Zell am See is kind of an unusual resort - not a rustic village like most of its small Austrian competitors, but a lakeside town with a charming old center that seems more geared to summer than winter visitors. It's a pleasant place, and - since a tunnel now takes through traffic to Schüttdorf - less plagued by traffic. The town makes an attractive base for holidaymakers who enjoy travelling around. Having a car makes it easy to visit numerous other resorts - including Saalbach -Hinterglemm, Bad Gastein -Bad Hofgastein, Wagrain, Schladming and Obertauern . Zell am See is one of the most significant Austrian ski resorts. Its three parts, the all year glacial resort Kitzsteinhorn in Kaprun, the Maiskogel in Kaprun, and the Schmittenhöhe in Zell am See open an area of 130 kilometers (81 miles) of pistes and 54 lift systems. Although not combined via lifts, this distance is comfortably passable with the constantly running ski-buses, and the slopes also go all the way down into the villages, so each one can easily be reached via ski. The runs satisfy every skill level with a ratio of about 40-40-20 easy-intermediate-demanding. Kaprun Zell am See Hotels Shop Kaprun Zell am See Hotels. Find The Cheapest Hotels Online. CheapEurope. com/ Kaprun_Zell_Am_See Off-piste skiing in Zell is part of every skiing day and neither broad nor bumpy pistes should be missed. For the snowboarder, two half-pipes and two parks, of which one is an all year FIS-Boardercross course where the annual November World Cup is held, create a great environment for training and fun. The village of Zell, with its 9,727 inhabitants, is situated in the valley of Prinzgau in the Salzburgerland, right in the middle of the Hohe Tauern, a mountainous region with 30 mountaintops that reach the 3,000-meter (9,834-foot) limit (one of these mountains is the Großglockner, Austria’s highest). Zell is nested between the Schmittenhöhe and the waterfront of one of the cleanest European swimming lakes, Lake Zell. The town was founded by monks from Salzburg in 740 as Cella in Bisonzio. With its medieval center, it creates a calm, rustic, and adorned atmosphere - somewhat typically Austrian - that attracts guests to fill the 14,000 beds almost constantly. Kaprun is a smaller village that is mostly known for its year-round skiable glacier, its Roman castle from the 12th century (one of the largest ruins of the Prinzgau), and its two large water reservoirs. The two villages have a fascinating and fairly priced program of sportive, cultural, and just simply entertaining offerings throughout the year which include skiing, snowboarding, cross country (about 200 kilometers/125miles of trails), snow hiking, snowshoeing, tobogganing (on slides, truck tires, and boats), ice sailing, ice skating, hockey, sleigh rides, llama hikes, ballooning, paragliding, ice climbing, swimming in- and outdoors, horse back riding, concerts, fests, festivals, theater, musicals, exhibitions - and of course, the regular après-ski activities found in restaurants, bars, pubs, and nightclubs. Overall, the resort has an impressive off-piste program for any taste, but still is mainly centered on the sportive aspect-skiing. That means fun off-piste is guaranteed, but it is not as much of a partying and exclusively après-ski resort as spots like Sölden and Ischgl. Kaprun and Zell together create a large all-year resort with outstanding offerings in a cozy, Austrian atmosphere with international flair. All those who visit will be impressed with how relaxing and at the same time exciting a skiing resort can be. All Zell am See and Kaprun information is provided through a partnership with SkiEurope __________Things to do Edit This 03.9-10.9 [Add Activity] Horse Back Riding Edit This Reitclub Porsche is situated in Schüttdorf about 3,5 kilometers from Zell am See, in the southern part of the lake. There're about 40 ponies and half blood horses, which are suitable for beginners and advanced riders. Lessons are kept in an indoor hall and outside in the nature. type: Other World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.sbg.at |
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| AUSTRIA Burgenland Burgenland - TravelPuppy.com Austria’s youngest Federal Province in the easternmost part of the country is also a popular tourist destination. The wooded hills in the south of the region form the foothills of the Austrian Alps. The northeast largely consists of expanses of the Central European Plain. The mild climate is especially well suited for the cultivation of wine. Eisenstadt The Esterhazy Palace, the Cathedral and the composer Haydn’s house and now a museum, as well as the Burgenländische Museum, the Berg and the Franciscan churches are also well worth a visit. A thoughtful atmosphere lies over the Jewish Cemetery and the area of the former Jewish Ghetto. Excursions The Neusiedler-Seewinkle National Park was Austria’s first World Conservation Union approved national park, situated in the area where the Austrian Alps meet the Euro-Asiatic (pannonishe) Plains. Neusiedl am See’s Local History Museum is attractive, and Mörbisch, on Neusiedl Lake, hosts an important annual operetta festival. Raiding is the birthplace of Franz Liszt. Passion plays are staged every five years in St Margarethen. Bad Tatzmannsdorf is one of Austria’s important spa centres. Storks return each year to nest in the chimneys at the wine-making centre of Rust. |
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| Itinerario 1 Da San Candido a Lienz: percorso ciclabile della Val Pusteria Testo di Flavia Daneo Punto di partenza e arrivo: San Candido Punto di arrivo: Lienz Lunghezza: 47 Km Durata: la gita dura 1 g., il percorso in bici 2h e 30 min. senza soste Mezzo di trasporto: bicicletta andata, treno ritorno Lungo il percorso... Lungo il percorso... La ciclabile ha inizio a San Candido (o a Lienz per chi voglia compiere il percorso inverso). Sono 47 km da percorrere in circa 3 ore senza grandi fatiche anche da famiglie con bambini o da coloro che non sono necessariamente ciclisti provetti. La pista ciclabile è in piano o in leggera discesa; interamente asfaltata si snoda sempre lontano da traffico e rumore. Ricordate di portare con voi la carta d'identità e una borraccia d'acqua anche se, lungo il percorso, si trovano varie fontanelle d'acqua e aree di sosta attrezzate per fare pic-nic; assenti purtroppo i servizi igienici. In caso di guasti alla bici c'è un punto di assistenza gratuito (pompa, cacciaviti e ferri vari). E' una bella gita da fare in giornata e che, attraversando il confine con l'Austria e seguendo il corso della Drava, consente di visitare il cuore del Tirolo austriaco tra prati, boschi e pittoreschi villaggi di montagna. Il ritorno avviene in treno: è possibile caricare la propria bici in un vagone apposito oppure, se noleggiata all'andata, si può lasciare all'arrivo (stazione di Lienz) dopo aver pagato un piccolo supplemento. Il noleggio di una city bike costa 14-19 euro ( a seconda del periodo), per i più piccoli si può noleggiare una bici con carellino o un cammellino (una specie di tandem più piccolo del normale). Il costo del biglietto del treno per il ritorno costa circa 7 euro + 3 euro circa di supplemento bicicletta se si vuole caricarla nell'apposito vagone. Le tappe sono: San Candido-Versciaco - Prato Drava (confine) - Weitlanbrunn - Sillian - Tassenbach - Abfaltersbach - Mittewald a.d. Drau - Thal - Lienz. A Lienz, capitale dell'Ost Tirol, si può visitare il castello medioevale dove visse Paola Gonzaga, andata sposa al conte Leonardo di Carinzia nel lontano 1471. Dagli spalti del castello lo sguardo spazia lungo l'intera vallata. Sempre a Lienz, se vi recate nel locale ufficio APT, potete richiedere gratuitamente l'attestato del percorso compiuto in bicicletta: un bel ricordo per i bimbi da far vedere agli amichetti al ritorno a casa! L'ultimo treno per tornare a San Candido parte da Lienz alle 18.12: avrete quindi tutto il tempo per riposarvi, mangiare un bel gelato o passeggiare nella zona pedonale della graziosa cittadina austriaca. |
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cities D Prefisso telefonico: nazionale 0222
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_____L'Austria si mette in contatto con gli indirizzi dell'Austria Codice componente del paese: 43. Indirizzo della via di Oesterreich Werbung (ufficio turistico nazionale austriaco - ANTO): Margaretenstrasse 1, A-1040 indirizzo postale de Vienna, Austria: Postfach 83, A-1043 numero di telefono de Vienna, Austria: (1) 588 660 (le informazioni). Numero del fax: (1) 588 6620. Info: www.austria.info L'ambasciata austriaca 18 Belgrave mews verso ovest, Londra SW1X 8HU, numero di telefono BRITANNICO: (020) 7235 3731. Numero del fax: (020) 7344 0292. E-mail: Web site di embassy@austria.org.uk : www.bmaa.gv.at/london Ore di apertura: Lunedì-Venerdì 0900-1200 ore (visitatori personali), 0900-1645 ore (inchieste) del telefono, 0900-1200 ore (sezione) di visto, 1400-1600 ore (inchieste di visto del telefono). Ufficio turistico nazionale austriaco (ANTO) 9-11 edifici de Richmond, decano Street, Londra W1D 38F, numero di telefono BRITANNICO: (020) 7440 3830 o (0845) 101 1818 (le informazioni di festa e linea di richiesta dell'opuscolo). Numero del fax: (020) 7440 3848. E-mail: Web site di info@anto.co.uk : www.austria.info/uk nessun visitatori personali. Ambasciata britannica Jaurèsgasse 12, A-1030 numero di telefono de Vienna, Austria: (1) 716 130. Numero del fax: (1) 7161 36900 (sezione commerciale). E-mail: Web site di enquiries@britishembassy.at : sezione consolare di www.britishembassy.at : Jaurèsgasse 10, A-1030 numero di telefono de Vienna, Austria: (1) 7161 35151. Numero del fax: (1) 7161 35900. E-mail: visa-consular@britishembassy.at Ambasciata della Repubblica di corte internazionale dell'Austria 3524, nanowatt, Washington, DC 20008, numero di telefono degli S.U.A.: (202) 895 6700 o 895 6711 (sezione consolare). Numero del fax: (202) 895 6750 o 895 6773 (sezione consolare). E-mail: Web site di austrianembassy@washington.nu : consolati di www.austria.org generali in: Chicago, Los Angeles e New York. Ufficio turistico austriaco (ATO) 120 quarantacinquesime vie ad ovest, nono FLOOR, New York, NY 10036, numero di telefono degli S.U.A.: (212) 944 6880. Numero del fax: (212) 730 4568. E-mail: Web site di travel@austria.info : www.austria.info/us Viale austriaco dell'ufficio turistico (ATO) 6520 Platt, colline ad ovest di PMB 561, Los Angeles, CA 91307, numero di telefono degli S.U.A.: (818) 999 4030. Numero del fax: (818) 999 3910. E-mail: Web site di peter.katz@oewlax.com : www.austria.info (generale) o www.austria-tourism.biz (commercio di corsa soltanto). Affari con commercio di corsa e le inchieste di mezzi soltanto. L'ambasciata del unito Dichiara dell'America Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1090 numero di telefono de Vienna, Austria: (1) 313 390. Numero del fax: (1) 313 392 919. E-mail: Web site di embassy@usembassy.at : www.usembassy.at Pavimento del consolato degli Stati Uniti quarto, Parkring 12, A-1010 numero di telefono de Vienna, Austria: (1) 313 392 351 o 900 510 300 (linea delle informazioni di visto con gli operatori in tensione; ?2,16 al minuto). Numero del fax: (1) 512 5835. E-mail: consulatevienna@state.gov : www.usembassy.at Via austriaca di Wilbrod dell'ambasciata 445, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6M7, numero di telefono del Canada: (613) 789 1444. Numero del fax: (613) 789 3431. E-mail: Web site di ottawa-ob@bmaa.gv.at : www.austro.org Suite nazionale austriaco 400, via ad ovest, Toronto, Ontario M4W 3E2, numero di telefono dell'ufficio turistico (ANTO) di 2 Bloor del Canada: (416) 967 4867 (commercio di corsa soltanto). Numero del fax: (416) 967 4101. E-mail: Web site di anto-tor@sympatico.ca : www.austria.info/us Ambasciata canadese Laurenzerberg 2, A-1010 numero di telefono de Vienna, Austria: (1) 531 383 000. Numero del fax: (1) 531 383 905 o 321. Web site: www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca |
| ****Questo articolo è rilasciato sotto i termini della
GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria Cronologia/Autori http://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Austria&action=historyAustriaDa Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.
L'Austria (tedesco: Österreich; denominazione ufficiale: Repubblica dell'Austria, Republik Österreich) è uno stato dell'Europa centrale, costituito da una federazione di nove stati. L'Austria è una democrazia parlamentare, entrò a fare parte dell'ONU nel 1955 e 40 anni dopo, nel 1995, aderì all'Unione Europea (UE), l'attuale capo di stato è Heinz Fischer mentre il Cancelliere in carica è Wolfgang Schüssel. Confina con: Svizzera e Liechtenstein ad ovest, Italia e Slovenia a sud, Ungheria e Slovacchia ad est e Germania e Repubblica Ceca a nord. La lingua ufficiale è il tedesco.
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Storia
Dopo essere stata conquistata da Romani, Unni, Longobardi, Ostrogoti, Bavari e Franchi, l'Austria finì sotto il dominio dei Babenberg dal X al XIII secolo. I Babenberg vennero quindi scalzati dagli Asburgo, la cui linea continuò a governare l'Austria fino al XX secolo. Dopo l'abolizione del Sacro Romano Impero nel 1806, venne fondato l'Impero Austriaco, che venne trasformato nel 1867 nella doppia monarchia dell'Austria-Ungheria. L'impero venne diviso in diversi stati indipendenti dopo la sconfitta delle Potenze Centrali nella prima guerra mondiale, portando l'Austria ad ottenere la forma odierna. Nel 1918 l'Austria divenne una repubblica, che mantenne istituzioni democratico-rappresentative fino al 1934, quando il cancelliere Engelbert Dollfuß stabilì la dittatura. L'Austria venne annessa alla Germania Nazista nel 1938 (il cosiddetto Anschluß). Alla fine della seconda guerra mondiale, dopo la sconfitta nazista, l'Austria venne occupata dagli Alleati fino al 1955, quando la nazione divenne nuovamente una repubblica indipendente, a condizione che rimanesse neutrale. Comunque, dopo il collasso del comunismo, in Europa Orientale, l'Austria venne sempre più coinvolta nelle questioni europee, e nel 1995, entrò a far parte dell'Unione Europea, e nella zona dell'Euro nel 1999.
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Geografia
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Geografia fisica
Paesaggio tipico L'occidente e il meridione del paese sono costituiti dalle Alpi austriache che ne fanno una meta sciistica di fama mondiale. Il monte più alto è il Grossglockner (3798 m). L'Austria è montuosa per il 60% circa. La parte nord ed est è invece composta da terreno collinare. Il clima è temperato, gli inverni sono abbastanza rigidi mentre nei mesi da luglio a settembre le temperature si aggirano su i 25-35 gradi C. Il Paese è tra i più boschivi d'Europa, con il 47% del territorio.
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Geografia politica
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Suddivisioni amministrative
L'Austria è composta da 9 stati federati (tedesco: Bundesland,
plurale: Bundesländer) a loro volta suddivisi in 84 distretti (Bezirk
plurale Bezirke) e 15 città a statuto autonomo (Statutarstadt,
plurale Statutarstädte). Gli 84 distretti sono suddivisi in 2381 comuni
(Gemeinde, plurale Gemeinden)
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Principali città
Le città principali sono la capitale Vienna e i capoluoghi dei vari Bundesländer: St. Pölten, Linz, Salisburgo, Innsbruck, Bregenz, Klagenfurt, Graz ed Eisenstadt.
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Geografia umana
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PopolazioneCirca il 90% della popolazione austriaca è di provenienza bavarese, il restante 10% proviene principalmente dalle nazioni circostanti: ungheresi (che sono fluiti durante l'impero austro-ungarico) e slavi. Gli stati federali di Carinzia e Stiria ospitano una significativa minoranza slovena di circa 18.000 membri. La lingua ufficiale, il tedesco, è parlata da quasi tutti i residenti. La natura montagnosa del terreno ha portato allo sviluppo di numerosi dialetti, che appartengono tutti al gruppo austro-bavarese, con l'eccezione di un dialetto che appartiene al gruppo dei dialetti alemanni. Esiste inoltre un distinto standard grammaticale per il tedesco austriaco, con alcune significative differenze rispetto al tedesco parlato in Germania.
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ReligionePiù di tre quarti degli austriaci sono cattolici. Altre religioni importanti sono quella protestante e l'islam. Gli ebrei hanno vissuto nell'area che ora forma la Repubblica Austriaca per secoli. Una gran parte della comunità ebraica austriaca emigrò durante gli anni '30, e molti di quelli che restarono vennero uccisi durante l'Olocausto. Nel 1930, l'Austria ospitava almeno 100.000 ebrei. Oggi, le stime parlano di una comunità ebraica piccola ma in espansione, compresa tra le 10.000 e le 20.000 persone.
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EconomiaAllevamento bovini L'Austria, con la sua economia di mercato ben sviluppata e la sua alta qualità della vita, è strettamente legata alle altre economie dell'Unione Europea, specialmente a quella tedesca. La lenta crescita della Germania e del resto del mondo ha influenzato l'Austria, rallentandone l'incremento. Per incontrare la crescente competizione dei paesi UE e dell'Europa centrale, l'Austria necessiterà di incrementare alcuni settori economici, i servizi ed abbassare il carico fiscale. Si allevano bovini e si coltivano barbabietole da zucchero, cereali e alberi da frutta. Particolarmente sviluppata è la coltura delle viti con cui si fanno degli ottimi vini leggerissimi.
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Cultura
Altri austriaci famosi comprendono i fisici Ludwig Boltzmann e Erwin Schrödinger i filosofi Ludwig Wittgenstein e Kurt Gödel, l'economista Joseph Schumpeter, nonché il padre della psicoanalisi, Sigmund Freud, e Konrad Lorenz, il fondatore dell'etologia.
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SportPer la sua posizione sulle Alpi, l'attività sportiva più diffusa nel paese è lo sci alpino, seguita dal calcio de dal ciclismo. L'Austria può vantare molti grandi campioni di sci alpino, come Toni Sailer, Franz Klammer, Hermann Maier, Annemarie Moser-Pröll e Anita Wachter.
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Arte
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ArchitetturaNoto in tutto il mondo per il suo stile assolutamente unico (non solo nell'architettura ma anche nelle arti figurative in genere) è Friedensreich Hundertwasser (1928-2000). Altre figure di spicco nell'architettura furono Otto Wagner (1841-1918) e Joseph Maria Olbrich (1867-1908), rappresentanti della "secessione viennese".
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Pittura e sculturaTra i pittori austrici più celebri figurano Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, Gustav Klimt, Egon Schiele, Oskar Kokoschka, Max Weiler, Ernst Fuchs, Günter Brus e Hermann Nitsch
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LetteraturaTra gli scrittori austriaci più noti vi sono Franz Grillparzer, Joseph Roth, Johann Nestroy, Robert Musil, Karl Kraus, Friedrich Torberg, Felix Mitterer, Thomas Bernhard e Peter Handke tra gli scrittori moderni e contemporanei vanno menzionati Bertha von Suttner, vincitrice del premio Nobel per la pace nel 1905 e Elfriede Jelinek, Premio Nobel per la letteratura nel 2004.
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MusicaVedi anche: Austriaci
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Politica
Il capo di stato è un presidente federale (tedesco: Bundespräsident), egli viene votato ogni 6 anni direttamente dalla popolazione. Il presidente a sua volta nomina il cancelliere federale (nella scelta può essere abbastanza libero, deve però prendere in considerazione la maggioranza del consiglio nazionale), tradizionalmente il capo del principale partito risultante dalle elezioni per il parlamento. Il parlamento austriaco consiste di due camere, il Bundesrat, che consiste di 64 rappresentanti degli stati, a seconda della popolazione, e il Nationalrat, che ha 183 membri eletti direttamente. Dopo tre decenni di partecipazione social-democratica (SPÖ) al governo, nel 2000 venne formata una coalizione di destra, consistente del conservatore Partito Popolare (ÖVP) e dal Partito della Libertà, di destra (FPÖ). Comunque, dopo qualche tumulto interno sulla politica e la leadership del partito, il Cancelliere Federale Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) annunciò il 9 settembre 2002 che si sarebbero tenute elezioni generali anticipate per la fine di novembre. Nelle elezioni del 24 novembre 2002, l'ÖVP vinse con una netta vittoria (42,3% dei voti), mentre l'FPÖ venne ridotto ad un mero 10,1%. L'attuale parlamento austriaco (Nationalrat, 183 seggi) è così composto:
Il 28 febbraio 2003, la coalizione tra ÖVP ed FPÖ venne continuata, sempre con Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) come Cancelliere Federale. Il suo Vice Cancelliere fu Herbert Haupt (FPÖ) fin quando non venne rimpiazzato da Hubert Gorbach (FPÖ) il 20 ottobre 2003. In precedenza lunghissimi colloqui ("Sondierungsgespräche") si svolsero tra l'ÖVP e gli altri maggiori partiti: FPÖ, SPÖ e Verdi.
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Organizzazioni internazionaliL'Austria è membro dell'UE dal 1995
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Voci correlate
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Altri progetti
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Collegamenti esterni
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http://travelpuppy.com/austria/index.htm Austria General Info Austria General Information - TravelPuppy.com Capital: Vienna (Wien). Area: 83,858 sq km (32,378 sq miles). Population of Austria: 8,169,929 (official estimate 2002) Population of Vienna (Wien): 1,608,144 (official estimate 1999) Population Density: 97.4 per sq km. Geography: Austria is a landlocked country, bordered by Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Germany, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Hungary and Italy. A mountainous country, nearly half of which is covered with forests. Austria’s 9 Federal Provinces form a political entity, but reflect a diversity of landscapes falling into 5 sections: The Eastern Alps (62.8 per cent) The Alpine and Carpathian Foothills (11.3 per cent) The Pannonian Lowlands (11.3 per cent) The Vienna Basin (4.4 per cent) The Granite and Gneiss Highlands or Bohemian Massif (10.1 per cent) Austria’s highest mountain is Grossglockner (3798m/12,465ft). On its way from the Black Forest in southern Germany to the Black Sea, the River Danube flows approximately 360km (220 miles) through Austria. The vegetation changes according to the climate with the lower regions being densely wooded, with fir predominating above 1600ft and giving way to larch and stone-pine beyond 4000ft, the Alpine foothills consist predominantly of arable land and grassland (above 2000ft). The Pannonian region is characterised by scrub and heathland. Government: Federal Republic. Head of State: President Heinz Fischer since 2004. Head of Government: Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel since 2000. Language: German is the official language. Regional dialects are pronounced and within the different regions of the country one will encounter marked variations from Hochdeutsch, ie ‘standard’ German. There are Croatian and Slovene-speaking minorities in the Burgenland and southern Carinthia respectively. Religion: 78 per cent Roman Catholic, 5 per cent Protestant, 4.5 per cent other denominations. Time: GMT + 1 (GMT from last Sunday in March to Saturday before last Sunday in October). Electricity : 220 volts AC, 50Hz. Round two-pin European plugs are standard ____________ Austria Getting Around - Internal Travel Austria Internal Travel - Getting Around Austria - TravelPuppy.com Air Vienna is connected to Graz, Klagenfurt, Linz and Salzburg by Tyrolean Airways (VO). Rheintalflug (WE) also operates internal services. Charter companies also offer charter services for single and twin-engined aircraft and executive jets. River/Lake A number of operators run cruises along the Danube, and from Switzerland (Bregenz) across Lake Constance. On some cruises, a passport is required, they last from 1 to 8 days depending on the itinerary. These services run between spring and autumn. Ferries There are regular passenger boat services from mid-May to mid-September along the Danube and on Austria’s lakes. The Danube steamer services are run by DDSG Blue Danube Schiffahrt (telephone number: (1) 588 800) and private companies. Rail Österreichische Bundesbahnen (ÖBB) (Austrian Federal Railways) runs an efficient internal service, with a 5,700km network of tracks throughout Austria. There is a frequent intercity service from Vienna to Salzburg, Innsbruck, Graz and Klagenfurt, and regular motorrail services through the Tauern Tunnel. Information and booking can be obtained from railway stations or Austrian Federal Railways. Local information can be obtained on (1) 1717. For bookings from the UK, contact Deutsche Bahn (German Rail) (telephone number: (0870) 243 5363), or Rail Europe (telephone number: (08705) 848 848). The most scenic routes are: Innsbruck–Brenner Innsbruck–Buchs Innsbruck–Bruck an der Mur–Vienna Innsbruck–Feldkirch–Innsbruck Innsbruck– Garmisch– Zugspitze Innsbruck–Salzburg– Innsbruck Linz–Selzthal–Amstetten–Linz Salzburg–Zell am See–Innsbruck Salzburg– Gmunden–Stainach–Salzburg Salzburg–Vienna Salzburg–Villach Salzburg, Vienna Puchberg am Schneeberg– Hochschneeberg–Vienna Vienna–Bruck an der Mur–Innsbruck Vienna–Klagenfurt– Udine–Trieste. Railways have fixed charges for portering. Tickets can be obtained from any station ticket office (Reisebüro am Bahnhof) or from most Austrian travel agents. For further information consult Austrian National Tourist Office (see Contact section). Discount fares Throughout Austria, up to 2 children under 6 years who are accompanied or require no seat travel free and a third child qualifies for a 50% discount. Children aged 6 to 15 pay half the fare. The Vorteilscard is available to purchase, and offers a 45 per cent discount on rail travel within a one-year period. This ID card can be purchased at all Austrian railway stations. Senior citizens (women 60 and over and men 65 and over) may buy train and bus tickets at half price after purchasing the Vorteilscard for approximately €25.50, those under 26 years of age pay approximately €17.90. Austria offers a number of discount rail passes including the Euro Domino and Euro Domino Junior, both valid for 3 to 8 days within a 30-day period. The Austrian Rail Pass is available to foreigners. Reductions are also available for groups of more than 6 people. For more information, contact the Austrian Railways Head Office (see Travel – International section) or enquire locally. Road Austria has an excellent network of roads. The traffic drives on the right. Help is readily given by the Austrian Motoring Association (ÖAMTC); there is a fee for non-members. For emergency breakdowns, dial 120 or 123. Tolls must be paid on all Austrian motorways. Tourists can purchase either 10-day, 2-month or 1-year discs which are available at all major border crossings and at post offices. The weekly disc is valid for up to 10 days and costs approximately €7.63 for cars up to 3.5 tons. The two-monthly disc, valid for 2 consecutive calendar months costs €21.80 for cars below 3.5 tons. Heavy vehicles pay higher tariffs and motorcycles pay less. Seat belts must be worn and children under the age of 12 and under 150cm tall may not sit in the front seat unless a special child’s seat has been fitted. Both driver and passenger on a motorcycle must wear helmets, and the vehicle must have lights on at all times. Speed limits are 50kph (31mph) in built-up areas (the speed limit in Graz is 30kph), 100kph (62mph) outside built-up areas and 130kph (81mph) on motorways. Bus and Coach Bus and coach services are run by federal and local authorities, as well as private companies. There are over 1800 services in operation. Some 70 international coach services travel to or through Austria and 22 routes with timetables and prices can be found in the Austrian bus guide which can be consulted via the Austrian National Tourist Office. For further information, contact Central Bus Information (telephone number: (1) 794 440, e-mail: service@postbus.at, website: www.postbus.at). Coach excursions and sightseeing tours run from most major cities. Car hire There are car hire firms with offices in most cities, as well as at airports and major railway stations. Documentation National driving licences issued by EU countries, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein are accepted, and enable holders to drive in Austria for up to 1 year. UK licenses without a photo must be accompanied by some form of photo ID such as a passport. The minimum legal age for driving is 18. Car registration papers issue in the UK are also valid in Austria. A Green Card is compulsory. Urban Transport Vienna has an extensive system of metro, bus, light rail and tramway services. Most routes have a standard flat fare, and there are pre-purchase multi-journey tickets and passes. The Vienna Card entitles visitors to 72 hours of unlimited travel by underground, tram and bus. It also entitles the holder to reductions at several museums and other tourist attractions in the city as well as cafes, shops and wine taverns. The card can be purchased at hotels or at Vienna Transport’s ticket offices. Those trams marked schaffnerlos on the outside of the carriage do not have conductors, but tickets can be bought from machines on board. Tickets are available from newspaper shops or tobacconists called Trafik. The classic way to travel round the capital is by horse-drawn carriage (Fiaker) but fares should be agreed in advance. There are bus systems in all the other main towns, and also tramways in Linz, Innsbruck and Graz, and trolleybuses in Linz, Innsbruck and Salzburg. Travel times: The following chart gives approximate travel times (in hours and minutes) from Vienna to other major cities/towns in Austria. Air Road Rail Salzburg 0.45 3.00 3.18 Linz 0.45 2.00 1.54 Innsbruck 1.10 5.00 5.20 Bregenz - 7.00 7.58 Klagenfurt 0.50 4.00 4.25 Graz 0.40 2.40 2.45 ____________ Austria Getting There - International Travel Austria International Travel - TravelPuppy.com Air Austria has 3 national airlines, all of which are part of the Austrian Airlines Group: Austrian Airlines (OS), Lauda Air (NG) and Tyrolean Airways (VO). British Airways offer frequent services to various destinations in Austria, as do low-cost airlines such as Flybe and Ryanair. Approximate flight times: From Innsbruck to London is 2 hours Salzburg to London is 1 hour 50 minutes Vienna to London is 2 hours 10 minutes Los Angeles is 15 hours New York is 9 hours Singapore is 14 hours Sydney is 25 hours. International airports Vienna (VIE) (Wien-Schwechat) Located 18km (11 miles) south-east of the city. Airport facilities Duty-free shops, banks, bureaux de change, post office, restaurants, cafes, left luggage, medical facilities, conference facilities, tourist information, car hire, car park and nursery. Airport buses run between the airport and the city centre every 20 minutes, 24 hours a day, travel time is approximately 20 minutes, and between the airport and two stations, Vienna Südbahnhof and Vienna Westbahnhof, approximately every hour (0530-0010 hrs travel time - 25 and 35 minutes respectively). Rail service is available at frequent intervals (from 0500-2258 hrs) to and from two other stations, Vienna Mitte and Vienna Nordbahnhof, travel time is 32 minutes. Local rail (S-Bahn) services also run to the Vienna railway stations of Südbahnhof, travel time is approximately 20 minutes, and Nordbahnhof, travel time approximately 35 minutes. The City Airport Train travels express from the City Airport Terminal located at Vienna Mitte, travel time of 16 minutes. Taxis are available to the city and can be found north of the Arrivals Hall, costing approximately €25-30. A chaffeur-driven car service is also available from the Arrivals Hall. Buses also run to Budapest 4 times a day and journey time is 3 hours 30 minutes and Bratislava (Slovak Republic) about 7 times a day journey time 1hour 10 minutes. Innsbruck (INN) (Kranebitten) Website: www.innsbruck-airport.com) Located 5.5km (3.5 miles) west of the city. Airport facilities Duty free shopping, currency exchange, restaurant, medical facilities and car hire. Bus services are available every 20-30 minutes to the city centre with a journey time of twenty minutes. Taxi services are also available. Salzburg (SZG) (Maxglan) Website: www.salzburg-airport.com) Located 4km (2.5 miles) west of the city. Airport facilities Duty-free shopping, currency exchange, post office, restaurants and snack bars, bar, left luggage, conference rooms and car hire. Bus no. 2 departs to the Hauptbahnhof (main railway station) in the city centre every 15 minutes on weekdays and every 30 minutes at the weekend journey time 20 minutes. It is also possible to go by train journey time 15-20 minutes. Taxis are available from the front of the main building for approximately €13.08 journey time 15 minutes. Some hotels have courtesy coaches. Klagenfurt (KLU) (Wörther See) Website: www.klagenfurt-airport.at). Located 4km (2.5 miles) from the city. Airport facilities Duty-free shop, bar and car hire. Bus and taxi services are available Linz (LNZ) Website: www.linz-airport.at. Located 10km (6 miles) from the city. Airport facilities Duty-free shop, bar, bank and car hire. Taxi and bus services are available. Graz (GRZ) Website: www.flughafen-graz.at) Located 10km (6 miles) from the city. Airport facilities include a bar, restaurant, bank and car hire. Taxis are available to the city journey time is 20 minutes. Buses depart about 16 times a day and there are frequent train services. Note: Airports have fixed charges for portering. Departure tax: None. Sea/River Car ferry There are regular ferry services across the English Channel. The quickest and most practical route from London to Vienna is via the Dover-Ostend ferry (crossing time – 3 hours 30 minutes) and the distance by road is approximately 1600km (1000 miles). It is a one day’s drive in summer, but can take longer during the winter. Munich is 4 to 5 hours from Vienna and Milan and Zurich are a good day’s drive. DDSG-Blue Danube Schiffahrt operates a passenger service on the Danube from Germany (Passau) to Vienna. For information and reservations, contact them at Friedrichstrasse 7, A-1010 Vienna (telephone number: (1) 588 800, fax number: (1) 588 8440, e-mail: info@ddsg-blue-danube.at, website: www.ddsg-blue-danube.at). The German operator Wurm und Köck offers both passenger services and cruises to Linz. Overnight cruise packages from Passau to Linz include hotel accommodation for only slightly more than the regular one-way passenger fare. Evening and music cruises are available during the summer. For further information, contact Wurm und Köck, Untere Donaulände, 4020 Linz (telephone number: (732) 783 607, fax number: (732) 783 60720, e-mail: info@donauschiffahrt.at, website: www.donauschiffahrt.at). DDSG-Blue Danube Schiffahrt also operates a hydrofoil service from the Praterlande hydrofoil dock in Vienna to Budapest,Hungaryjourney time 6 hours. Ardagger operates services between Linz and Germany (Krems) (telephone number: (7479) 64640, fax number: (7479) 646 510, e-mail: dsa@pgv.at; website: www.tiscover.com/donauschiffahrt). Brandner concentrates its services between Melk and Krems. For further information, contact Brandner at Ufer 50, A-3313 Wallsee (telephone number: (7433) 259 021, fax number: (7433) 259 025, e-mail: schiffahrt@brandner.at; website: www.ms-austria.at). A regular hydrofoil service also runs 3 times daily during the summer months from Vienna to the Slovak Republic (Bratislava) journey time is one-and-a-half hours. International rail tickets are valid on Danube river boats. More information on the above services, and connections to Serbia and Montenegro (Belgrade), Turkey (Istanbul) and Ukraine (Yalta), can be obtained from the Austrian National Tourist Office Rail Österreichische Bundesbahnen (ÖBB) (Austrian Federal Railways) operates a wide network of trains throughout and beyond Austria. International connections from Vienna include trains to Germany (Berlin), to the Russian Federation (Moscow, via Warsaw/Kiev and Minsk), to Romania (Bucharest, via Budapest), to Greece (Athens) or Turkey (Istanbul, via Belgrade) and to Italy (Venice, Milan or Rome). The most common routes are from Brussels or Paris (Eurostar connection from London) to Vienna (see Channel Tunnel, below, for further details). For further details contact Österreichische Bundesbahnen, Elisabethstraße 9, A-1010 Wien (telephone number: (1) 930 000, fax number(1) 25000, e-mail: wien.ticketline@pv.oebb.at, website: www.oebb.at). Rail Passes The Euro and Eurail passes are available to non-European residents and must be bought outside Europe. The Euro pass is valid for travel over practically the whole of the European rail network, while the Eurail pass has more limited validity The Interail pass is available to European residents. Prices vary according to age, zones covered, time period, flexibility and class of travel. For more information, contact Rail Europe (telephone number: (08705) 848 848, website: www.raileurope.co.uk). The Channel Tunnel The quickest route by train from the UK is through the channel tunnel with connections from Brussels or Paris to Austria. Eurostar operates direct high-speed trains through the channel tunnel from London (Waterloo International) to Paris (Gare du Nord) journey time is 3 hours and to Brussels (Midi/Zuid) journey time 2 hours 40 minutes. From Brussels there is a morning train to Vienna leaving at 0828 hrs , journey time is approximately 13 hours and a night train leaving at 1910 hrs takes approximately 14 hours. From Paris (Gare de l’Est) there are 2 trains to Vienna, one at 0749 hrs and another at 1717 hrs, journey time 14 hours 45 minutes). For further information and reservations contact Eurostar (telephone number: 0870 6000 792 (travel agents) or 08705 186 186 (public) or 1233 617 575 (public outside the UK), website: www.eurostar.com), or Rail Europe (telephone number: 08705 848 848). Travel agents can obtain refunds for unused tickets from Eurostar Trade Refunds, 2nd Floor, Kent House, 81 Station Road, Ashford, Kent TN23 1PD. Complaints and comments may be sent to Eurostar Customer Relations, Eurostar House, Waterloo Station, London SE1 8SE. General enquiries and information requests must be made by telephone. Road There are numerous and excellent road links with all neighbouring countries. For information on traffic regulations and required documentation, see the Travel - Internal section. Coach Coaches run regularly to a large number of European destinations. Eurolines, departing from Victoria Coach Station in London, serves destinations in Austria. For further information, contact Eurolines (telephone number: (08705) 143 219, e-mail@ welcome@eurolines.co.uk, website: www.eurolines.com.uk). Some tour operators offer package holidays to Austria by coach from the UK. A full list is available from the Austrian National Tourist Office (see Contact section). The Channel Tunnel Eurotunnel operates trains 24 hours per day through the Channel Tunnel between Folkestone in Kent (with direct access from the M20) and Calais in France. All vehicles from motorcycles to campers can be accommodated. Eurotunnel operates 3 to 4 passenger trains per hour at peak times. The journey takes approximately 35 minutes. For further information see France, Travel - International section or contact Eurotunnel Reservations (telephone number: (08705) 353 535, e-mail: callcentre@eurotunnel.com; website: www.eurotunnel.co.uk). _________ Austria History Austria History - TravelPuppy.com Austria’s history since the 13th century is bound up with that of the Hapsburg family. The region was conquered by Charlemagne and remained a part of the Holy Roman Empire. By the 16th century, the Hapsburgs had gained a firm grip on the title of Emperor, although their power owed less to this often empty distinction than to the extensive family lands, many of which were to be found in Austria. Under Charles V, Austria was part of a vast empire, however, after Charles’ abdication during 1556, the Spanish and Germanic parts of his lands were separated, passing to his son and his brother respectively. The Holy Roman Empire as a political unit became more and more fragmented, leading one 18th-century observer to comment that it was ‘neither holy, nor Roman, nor an Empire’. It was formally abolished during August 1806, Francis II having already assumed the title of ‘Emperor of Austria’. Much of the northern and eastern parts of the Empire had by this time been absorbed into Prussia. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria – and in particular Vienna – became one of the major centres of the cultural renaissance associated with the terms Baroque and The Enlightenment, the musical achievements of this period are particularly notable. The Austrian Empire came to an end after World War I and Austria was declared a republic. In 1938 it was incorporated into the Third Reich but was liberated during 1945 and established as a republic once again under the protectorship of the allied powers. In July 1955 full independence was restored. Austria has since been governed according to an orthodox Western European model. The major parties, the Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP – Austrian People’s Party) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ – Social Democratic Party of Austria), enjoyed an effective monopoly of Austrian politics until the 1980s, which saw the rise of the far right and environmentalists. The decade also brought unusual and unwelcome international attention to Austria when the former UN Secretary-General, Kurt Waldheim, stood for the presidency, although a largely titular post, the presidency carries great symbolic significance. The controversy mainly concerned Waldheim’s role during World War II, in which he served as a German army intelligence officer, as well as his alleged knowledge of and complicity in mass deportations and executions. Dogged by the allegations throughout his 6-year tenure, Waldheim stood down in May 1992. His replacement at the election that followed was ÖVP candidate Thomas Klestil, who was re-elected to a second term in April 1998. The Waldheim affair came soon after the first appearance of the far-right party, Die Freiheitlichen, as a major electoral force. Originally known as the Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ – Austrian Freedom Party), it was led by Joerg Haider, one of the new generation of ultra right-wing European politicians. Concerned to exclude Die Freiheitlichen, the SPÖ and ÖVP formed a series of coalition governments in the mid and late 1990s, in the hope that Die Freiheitlichen would reach an electoral peak and fade from the political scene. The folly of this strategy was illustrated in October 1999, when Die Freiheitlichen increased their vote to 27 per cent. Now, even the SPÖ and ÖVP together were unable to secure a majority and Haider’s party entered government in January 2000. After a furious initial reaction abroad, which included diplomatic sanctions, the rest of the EU soon came to terms with the new government. This was led by the ÖVP’s Wolfgang Schüssel as Chancellor and Haider’s deputy, Suzanne Riess-Passer, as Vice-Chancellor. Against expectations, the government survived until the autumn of 2002, before an internal Freiheitlichen feud between party leader Haider and Riess-Passer spilled over into the administration as a whole and brought it down. The election that followed saw the collapse of the Freiheitlichen vote to just 10 per cent, a third of its 1999 level, but Chancellor Schüssel, who held on to his post, was unable to negotiate an alliance with either of the other two main parties, the SPÖ and the Greens, and was obliged to form a second ‘black-and-blue’ alliance with the Freiheitlichen. Given the government’s small majority and the ongoing feuding within the Freiheitlichen, Austria could find itself at the polls once again. ________ Austria Public Holidays Austria Public Holidays - TravelPuppy.com Year 2007 January 1 January 6 April 9 May 1 May 17 May 28 June 7 August 15 October 26 November 1 December 8 December 25 - 26 New Year’s Day Epiphany Easter Monday National Hoilday Ascension Day Whit Monday Corpus Christi Assumption National Holiday All Saints’ Day Immaculate Conception. Christmas Day ___________Austria Social Profile Austria Culture and Social Profile - TravelPuppy.com Food Traditional Austrian dishes are Wiener Schnitzel, boiled beef (Tafelspitz), calf’s liver with herbs in butter (Geröstete Leber), Goulash, Kaiserschmarrn, Palatschinken and Salzburger Nockerln, as well as various types of smoked and cured pork. Viennese cuisine is strongly influenced by southeast European cuisine, notably that of Hungary, Serbia, Dalmatia and Romania. Many of the simpler meals are often made with rice, potatoes and dumplings (Knödel) with sauces. The main meal of the day is lunch. Mehlspeisen is the national term for cakes and puddings, all of which are wonderfully appetising. There are more than 57 varieties of Torte, which is often consumed with coffee at around 1500 hrs. Open all day, the Austrian coffee shop (Kaffeehaus) is little short of a national institution and often provides the social focus of a town or neighbourhood. Spirits such as whisky and gin, together with imported beers, tend to be rather expensive, but local wines are excellent and cheap. Most of the wines are white and include Riesling, Veltliner, but there are also some good red wines from Baden and Burgenland, as well as imported wines from other European countries. Generally the strict registration laws mean that the quality of the wine will be fully reflected in its price. Obstler is a drink found in most German-speaking countries, and is made by distilling various fruits. It is usually very strong, and widely drunk as it is cheap and well flavoured. Most bars or coffee houses have waiter service and bills are settled with the arrival of the drinks and the restaurants have waiter service. Note There are no national licensing laws in Austria, but each region has local police closing hours. Most coffee houses and bars serve wine and beers as well as soft drinks. Shopping High-quality goods such as handbags, chinaware, glassware and winter sports equipment represent the cream of specialist items found in Austria. A 20-32 % value-added-tax (called MwSt) is included in the list price of items sold. Shopping opening hours Shops and stores are generally open from Monday-Friday 0800-1800 hrs (with a 1 or 2 -hour lunch break in the smaller towns). Some shops are open until 1930 hrs on Thursday and on Saturday opening hours are until 1700 hrs. Nightlife Viennese nightlife offers something for every taste including: opera, theatre and cabaret as well as numerous discos, bars and nightclubs. There are cinemas of all types, some of them of architectural interest, showing films in different languages. A good way to spend a summer evening is in one of the beer gardens found all over the country. The wine-growing area around Vienna features wine gardens (Heurigen) where visitors can sample local wines in an open-air setting. Special Events Dec ‘Magic of Advent’ Christmas Market, Vienna. Special Events For a full list of events celebrated in Austria, contact the Austrian National Tourist Office (see Contact section). The following is a selection of special events occurring in Austria in 2005: January Johann Strauss Ball. January 1st New Near Day's Concert in Vienna. January 5th-6th FIS Snowboarding World Cup Race. January 8th-15th International Ballooning Week, Filzmoos. January 14th-16th Snow Arena Polo, Kitzbühel January 21st-30th Mozart Week, Salzburg January 22th-30th Resonanzen Festival, Vienna January 29th Rainbow Ball, Gay and Lesbian ball, Vienna. March Formula 1: Austrian Grand Prix. March-May Vienna Spring Festival. March 12th-21st Swingin' Kitzbühel, jazz festival. March 15-19 th Davidoff Gourmet Festival May 22th Vienna City Marathon. June 27-July Jazz Festival, Vienna. July International Milka Chocolate Festival, Bludenz July-August Lederhosen Festival July 9-12th International Youth & Music Festival, Vienna. July 12th Styriarte Festival, Graz. July 25-Aug 31st Salzburg Festival November-December Christmas Market Schönbrunn, Vienna. December ‘Magic of Advent’ Christmas Market, Vienna Social Conventions Austrians tend to be quite formal in both their social and their business dealings. They do not use first names when being introduced, but after the initial meeting first names are often used. Handshaking is normal when saying hello and goodbye. It is considered impolite to enter a restaurant or shop without saying Guten Tag or, more usually, Grüss Gott, similarly, to leave without saying Auf Wiedersehen can cause offence. Social pleasantries and some exchange of small-talk is appreciated. If invited out to dinner, flowers should be brought for the hostess. The Church enjoys a high and respected position in Austrian society, which should be kept in mind by the visitor. It is customary to dress up for the opera or the theatre. Tipping Widespread, but large amounts are not expected. On restaurant bills a service charge of 10 to 15% is included, but it is usual to leave a further 5 %. Attendants at theatres, cloakrooms or petrol pumps, expect to be tipped €0.15-0.25. Railway and airports have fixed charges for portering. Taxi drivers expect €0.25-0.50 for a short trip and 10% for a longer one. |
| ****Questo articolo è rilasciato sotto i termini della
GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria Cronologia/Autori http://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Austria&action=historyAustriaDa Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.
L'Austria (tedesco: Österreich; denominazione ufficiale: Repubblica dell'Austria, Republik Österreich) è uno stato dell'Europa centrale, costituito da una federazione di nove stati. L'Austria è una democrazia parlamentare, entrò a fare parte dell'ONU nel 1955 e 40 anni dopo, nel 1995, aderì all'Unione Europea (UE), l'attuale capo di stato è Heinz Fischer mentre il Cancelliere in carica è Wolfgang Schüssel. Confina con: Svizzera e Liechtenstein ad ovest, Italia e Slovenia a sud, Ungheria e Slovacchia ad est e Germania e Repubblica Ceca a nord. La lingua ufficiale è il tedesco.
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Storia
Dopo essere stata conquistata da Romani, Unni, Longobardi, Ostrogoti, Bavari e Franchi, l'Austria finì sotto il dominio dei Babenberg dal X al XIII secolo. I Babenberg vennero quindi scalzati dagli Asburgo, la cui linea continuò a governare l'Austria fino al XX secolo. Dopo l'abolizione del Sacro Romano Impero nel 1806, venne fondato l'Impero Austriaco, che venne trasformato nel 1867 nella doppia monarchia dell'Austria-Ungheria. L'impero venne diviso in diversi stati indipendenti dopo la sconfitta delle Potenze Centrali nella prima guerra mondiale, portando l'Austria ad ottenere la forma odierna. Nel 1918 l'Austria divenne una repubblica, che mantenne istituzioni democratico-rappresentative fino al 1934, quando il cancelliere Engelbert Dollfuß stabilì la dittatura. L'Austria venne annessa alla Germania Nazista nel 1938 (il cosiddetto Anschluß). Alla fine della seconda guerra mondiale, dopo la sconfitta nazista, l'Austria venne occupata dagli Alleati fino al 1955, quando la nazione divenne nuovamente una repubblica indipendente, a condizione che rimanesse neutrale. Comunque, dopo il collasso del comunismo, in Europa Orientale, l'Austria venne sempre più coinvolta nelle questioni europee, e nel 1995, entrò a far parte dell'Unione Europea, e nella zona dell'Euro nel 1999.
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Geografia
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Geografia fisica
Paesaggio tipico L'occidente e il meridione del paese sono costituiti dalle Alpi austriache che ne fanno una meta sciistica di fama mondiale. Il monte più alto è il Grossglockner (3798 m). L'Austria è montuosa per il 60% circa. La parte nord ed est è invece composta da terreno collinare. Il clima è temperato, gli inverni sono abbastanza rigidi mentre nei mesi da luglio a settembre le temperature si aggirano su i 25-35 gradi C. Il Paese è tra i più boschivi d'Europa, con il 47% del territorio.
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Geografia politica
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Suddivisioni amministrative
L'Austria è composta da 9 stati federati (tedesco: Bundesland,
plurale: Bundesländer) a loro volta suddivisi in 84 distretti (Bezirk
plurale Bezirke) e 15 città a statuto autonomo (Statutarstadt,
plurale Statutarstädte). Gli 84 distretti sono suddivisi in 2381 comuni
(Gemeinde, plurale Gemeinden)
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Principali città
Le città principali sono la capitale Vienna e i capoluoghi dei vari Bundesländer: St. Pölten, Linz, Salisburgo, Innsbruck, Bregenz, Klagenfurt, Graz ed Eisenstadt.
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Geografia umana
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PopolazioneCirca il 90% della popolazione austriaca è di provenienza bavarese, il restante 10% proviene principalmente dalle nazioni circostanti: ungheresi (che sono fluiti durante l'impero austro-ungarico) e slavi. Gli stati federali di Carinzia e Stiria ospitano una significativa minoranza slovena di circa 18.000 membri. La lingua ufficiale, il tedesco, è parlata da quasi tutti i residenti. La natura montagnosa del terreno ha portato allo sviluppo di numerosi dialetti, che appartengono tutti al gruppo austro-bavarese, con l'eccezione di un dialetto che appartiene al gruppo dei dialetti alemanni. Esiste inoltre un distinto standard grammaticale per il tedesco austriaco, con alcune significative differenze rispetto al tedesco parlato in Germania.
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ReligionePiù di tre quarti degli austriaci sono cattolici. Altre religioni importanti sono quella protestante e l'islam. Gli ebrei hanno vissuto nell'area che ora forma la Repubblica Austriaca per secoli. Una gran parte della comunità ebraica austriaca emigrò durante gli anni '30, e molti di quelli che restarono vennero uccisi durante l'Olocausto. Nel 1930, l'Austria ospitava almeno 100.000 ebrei. Oggi, le stime parlano di una comunità ebraica piccola ma in espansione, compresa tra le 10.000 e le 20.000 persone.
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EconomiaAllevamento bovini L'Austria, con la sua economia di mercato ben sviluppata e la sua alta qualità della vita, è strettamente legata alle altre economie dell'Unione Europea, specialmente a quella tedesca. La lenta crescita della Germania e del resto del mondo ha influenzato l'Austria, rallentandone l'incremento. Per incontrare la crescente competizione dei paesi UE e dell'Europa centrale, l'Austria necessiterà di incrementare alcuni settori economici, i servizi ed abbassare il carico fiscale. Si allevano bovini e si coltivano barbabietole da zucchero, cereali e alberi da frutta. Particolarmente sviluppata è la coltura delle viti con cui si fanno degli ottimi vini leggerissimi.
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Cultura
Altri austriaci famosi comprendono i fisici Ludwig Boltzmann e Erwin Schrödinger i filosofi Ludwig Wittgenstein e Kurt Gödel, l'economista Joseph Schumpeter, nonché il padre della psicoanalisi, Sigmund Freud, e Konrad Lorenz, il fondatore dell'etologia.
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SportPer la sua posizione sulle Alpi, l'attività sportiva più diffusa nel paese è lo sci alpino, seguita dal calcio de dal ciclismo. L'Austria può vantare molti grandi campioni di sci alpino, come Toni Sailer, Franz Klammer, Hermann Maier, Annemarie Moser-Pröll e Anita Wachter.
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Arte
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ArchitetturaNoto in tutto il mondo per il suo stile assolutamente unico (non solo nell'architettura ma anche nelle arti figurative in genere) è Friedensreich Hundertwasser (1928-2000). Altre figure di spicco nell'architettura furono Otto Wagner (1841-1918) e Joseph Maria Olbrich (1867-1908), rappresentanti della "secessione viennese".
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Pittura e sculturaTra i pittori austrici più celebri figurano Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, Gustav Klimt, Egon Schiele, Oskar Kokoschka, Max Weiler, Ernst Fuchs, Günter Brus e Hermann Nitsch
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LetteraturaTra gli scrittori austriaci più noti vi sono Franz Grillparzer, Joseph Roth, Johann Nestroy, Robert Musil, Karl Kraus, Friedrich Torberg, Felix Mitterer, Thomas Bernhard e Peter Handke tra gli scrittori moderni e contemporanei vanno menzionati Bertha von Suttner, vincitrice del premio Nobel per la pace nel 1905 e Elfriede Jelinek, Premio Nobel per la letteratura nel 2004.
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MusicaVedi anche: Austriaci
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Politica
Il capo di stato è un presidente federale (tedesco: Bundespräsident), egli viene votato ogni 6 anni direttamente dalla popolazione. Il presidente a sua volta nomina il cancelliere federale (nella scelta può essere abbastanza libero, deve però prendere in considerazione la maggioranza del consiglio nazionale), tradizionalmente il capo del principale partito risultante dalle elezioni per il parlamento. Il parlamento austriaco consiste di due camere, il Bundesrat, che consiste di 64 rappresentanti degli stati, a seconda della popolazione, e il Nationalrat, che ha 183 membri eletti direttamente. Dopo tre decenni di partecipazione social-democratica (SPÖ) al governo, nel 2000 venne formata una coalizione di destra, consistente del conservatore Partito Popolare (ÖVP) e dal Partito della Libertà, di destra (FPÖ). Comunque, dopo qualche tumulto interno sulla politica e la leadership del partito, il Cancelliere Federale Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) annunciò il 9 settembre 2002 che si sarebbero tenute elezioni generali anticipate per la fine di novembre. Nelle elezioni del 24 novembre 2002, l'ÖVP vinse con una netta vittoria (42,3% dei voti), mentre l'FPÖ venne ridotto ad un mero 10,1%. L'attuale parlamento austriaco (Nationalrat, 183 seggi) è così composto:
Il 28 febbraio 2003, la coalizione tra ÖVP ed FPÖ venne continuata, sempre con Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) come Cancelliere Federale. Il suo Vice Cancelliere fu Herbert Haupt (FPÖ) fin quando non venne rimpiazzato da Hubert Gorbach (FPÖ) il 20 ottobre 2003. In precedenza lunghissimi colloqui ("Sondierungsgespräche") si svolsero tra l'ÖVP e gli altri maggiori partiti: FPÖ, SPÖ e Verdi.
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Organizzazioni internazionaliL'Austria è membro dell'UE dal 1995
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Voci correlate
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Altri progetti
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Collegamenti esterni
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