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| Antwerp Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Vlaaikensgang Vlaaikensgang Jan Moonen Antwerp is one of the Belgium cities where you can fancy yourself the King of Belgium over a glass of Koninck beer (or one of the other 400 brands) with a view on the old guildhouses on the Grote Markt. Belgium's second city, and the biggest one of Flanders, is also a receptacle of monuments, museums and churches. Besides this, the city of Rubens, is the world’s centre for diamond processing as well as Belgium’s primary seaport. The heart of the city on the Scheldt beats at the 'Grote Markt', an irregularly-shaped square, surrounded by decorative guild housedating from the 16th and 17th century. This square is home to the statue of Brabo. According to a 16th century legend, his action of 'handwerpen' (Dutch for 'flinging your hand') led to the city's name. Silvius Brabo is said to have flung the hand of Antigonus, a giant who terrorized passing ships. The 15th century City Hall on the square shows a successful blend of the Flemish style and Italian Renaissance characteristics. Southeast of the square, you can see the Onze Lieve Vrouw, a beautiful gothic cathedral which throws the rest of the square in the shade. Antwerp's most famous resident is undoubtedly Pieter Paul Rubens. This painter's and diplomat's spirit is present all throughout town. His statue is at the Groenplaats and he was buried at the St.Paulus church. Many churches are enriched with his paintings. The Rubenshuis, the place where the painter lived and worked, still exudes the grandeur of the height of the Baroque in Antwerp. In the decorative restored Rockoxhuis, Rubens has a substantial presence, together with Jordaens, Matsys and his pupil Anton van Dyck. The city of Rubens is a paradise for museum lovers. The Fine Arts Museum in the south houses over a thousand works by classical painters, including the Flemish Primitives, beside over 1500 more recent works. Naturally, this is where you will find the world's most beautiful and largest collection of the work of Antwerpen's great master Rubens. The Museum of Contemporary Art (MUHKA) has a collection of mainly Belgian art from the 1970's. These are only a few of the museums you will come across on your walk from the Centraal Station to the Grote Markt. Mayer van den Bergh Museum is dedicated to fine and applied arts, particularly from the 14th to the 16th century. If you are at the Berchem station, make sure you see the Zurenborg district, known for its unique architectural complexities. Hardly anywhere else than here will you find such representative Art Nouveau and Jugendstil houses. The city of diamonds has its main museum in the heart of the diamond district, the streets behind Centraal Station. This part of the city is known as the 'Jerusalem of the North', because it has the largest settlement of Orthodox Jews in this part of Europe. Over 70% of the world's cutting and trading in big diamonds takes place in Antwerp. One of the resasons why Antwerp can maintain its world centre position is because of the port's international trade links. Take a river cruise, not only to admire the famous skyline with its antique towers from the water, but also to experience the busy world port from the inside. Those who don't like boats can still enjoy the Scheldt from the unique promenade near the Steen, the oldest building within Antwerp, which houses the National Maritime Museum with its open-air department exhibiting real ships. When your eyes get tired and your feet get raw because of all the miles you have walked, sit down again at the Grote Markt and soak in the atmosphere. Prepare yourself for a night out in the sparkling city with its many names and its slight inferiority complex (Brussels and Bruges still get all the attention). May the beers soothe your tiredness and soften your own dialect. ___________Sights Edit This Brabo on Grote Markt Brabo on Grote Markt Ezelhaar Antwerp: the City of Rubens, the City of Diamonds and the City of the Scheldt. A city with so many names is destined to have something for every traveller. It is a must for museum lovers. The city has a broad collection of paintings, ranging from classical works to modern Flemmish paintings. Of course, Antwerp´s most famous son Rubens is memorated in many museums and churches. The 'Grote Markt', with its view of the Brabo statue, the guildhouses and the City Hall, offers a good sight of what the old days must have been like. If you are more interested in Antwerp's present activities, such as its position as the world centre of diamonds, go to the Diamond Museum. The city is also the city of the Scheldt. Whenever your looking for some fresh air, take a walk along the Scheldt and let yourself be impressed by other guild houses, such as the 'Vleeshuis'. Display all or display just: Churches and Cathedrals Parks, Gardens and Zoos Public Buildings Squares Synagogues Show best rated on top | Show in alphabetical order [Add Sight] Onze Lieve Vrouwe Cathedral Edit This Open Mon-Fri 10am-5pm, Sat 10am-3pm, Sun 1-4pm. Gothic cathedral which houses several impressive and famous paintings of Rubens, such as 'the Descent from the Cross'. It is located in the heart of the city, between Groen Plaats and Grote Markt. type: Churches and Cathedrals World66 rating: [rate it] address: Handschoenmarkt openingHours: Mon-Fri 10am-5pm, Sat 10am-3pm, Sun 1-4pm Groenplaats Edit This Groenplaats is a big square located in the city centre, just next to Grote Markt and the Cathedral. It was built over the old cemetery of the cathedral and it's characterized by many restaurants and pubs, wich are overlooked by the big statue of Rubens in the middle. type: Squares World66 rating: [rate it] openingHours: all the time =P KBC Tower Edit This KBC Tower was the first skyscraper to be built in Europe (1930) The tower is nicknamed Boerentoren, Farmer's tower, because the bank, whose headquarters are in the building, at that time was owned by a farmers corporation. type: Public Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] St Jacobskerk Edit This Open April-October Mon-Sat 2-5pm, November-March Mon-Sat 9am-noon. This is the church where Rubens was buried, and his close relatives, when he died in 1640. type: Churches and Cathedrals World66 rating: [rate it] address: Lange Nieuwstraat St Pauluskerk Edit This Open May-September 2-5pm. This is a late Gothic church with some interesting carvings. type: Churches and Cathedrals World66 rating: [rate it] addres: Veemarkt Grote Markt Edit This Brabo on Grote Markt Brabo on Grote Markt photo by: Ezelhaar The heart of the City on the Scheldt beats at the 'Grote Markt', an irregularly-shaped square, surrounded by decorative guild houses dating from the 16th and 17th century. This square is home to the statue of Brabo. According to a 16th century legend his action (flinging a hand, or in Dutch 'Hand werpen') led to the city being given its name. The 15th century City Hall is a successful blend of the Flemish style and Italian Renaissance characteristics. Probably the best example of this blended architecture is the Stadhuis, the Town Hall built between 1561 and 1564. type: Squares World66 rating: [rate it] Cogels Osylei Edit This Houses in Waterloo str. Houses in Waterloo str. photo by: Ezelhaar Art nouveau street, unique architecture from around 1920. The street is located outside of the city centre, near the Berchem train station (where the international train Brussels-Amsterdam stops). There aren't any buildings you can go in, but it is great to stroll through the street and the side streets (Waterloo street, Transvaal street) where you will find many great buildings and villas. There are some nice bars and restaurants in the neighborhood too. type: Squares World66 rating: [rate it] address: Cogels Osylei zipcode: 2018 Stadhuis Edit This Located in Grote Markt , the Stadhuis is Antwerpen Town Hall. Built between 1561 and 1564 it is probably one of the best example of the blending of the Flemish and the Italian Architecture, which characterize most of the buildings in the historical city centre. type: Public Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] Botanical Garden Edit This Cafe in Botanical garden Cafe in Botanical garden photo by: Ezelhaar There is a small botanical garden with a greenhouse on Leopoldstreet. It is a great place to sit on the grass (it seems like that is allowed, not sure though). type: Synagogues World66 rating: [rate it] Antwerp Zoo Edit This Located right next door to the central station, this is a classic city zoo. Tigers, gorillas and elephants and much more. type: Parks, Gardens and Zoos World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.zooantwerpen.be address: next to station City Park Edit This City Park City Park photo by: Ezelhaar The triangular shaped city park is okay for a stroll. There is a high bridge over a small stream and there are some man made rock formations. Located in the diamond quarter near the station. type: Parks, Gardens and Zoos World66 rating: [rate it] ___________Sights Edit This Brabo on Grote Markt Brabo on Grote Markt Ezelhaar Antwerp: the City of Rubens, the City of Diamonds and the City of the Scheldt. A city with so many names is destined to have something for every traveller. It is a must for museum lovers. The city has a broad collection of paintings, ranging from classical works to modern Flemmish paintings. Of course, Antwerp´s most famous son Rubens is memorated in many museums and churches. The 'Grote Markt', with its view of the Brabo statue, the guildhouses and the City Hall, offers a good sight of what the old days must have been like. If you are more interested in Antwerp's present activities, such as its position as the world centre of diamonds, go to the Diamond Museum. The city is also the city of the Scheldt. Whenever your looking for some fresh air, take a walk along the Scheldt and let yourself be impressed by other guild houses, such as the 'Vleeshuis'. Display all or display just: Churches and Cathedrals Parks, Gardens and Zoos Public Buildings Squares Synagogues Show best rated on top | Show in alphabetical order [Add Sight] Onze Lieve Vrouwe Cathedral Edit This Open Mon-Fri 10am-5pm, Sat 10am-3pm, Sun 1-4pm. Gothic cathedral which houses several impressive and famous paintings of Rubens, such as 'the Descent from the Cross'. It is located in the heart of the city, between Groen Plaats and Grote Markt. type: Churches and Cathedrals World66 rating: [rate it] address: Handschoenmarkt openingHours: Mon-Fri 10am-5pm, Sat 10am-3pm, Sun 1-4pm Groenplaats Edit This Groenplaats is a big square located in the city centre, just next to Grote Markt and the Cathedral. It was built over the old cemetery of the cathedral and it's characterized by many restaurants and pubs, wich are overlooked by the big statue of Rubens in the middle. type: Squares World66 rating: [rate it] openingHours: all the time =P KBC Tower Edit This KBC Tower was the first skyscraper to be built in Europe (1930) The tower is nicknamed Boerentoren, Farmer's tower, because the bank, whose headquarters are in the building, at that time was owned by a farmers corporation. type: Public Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] St Jacobskerk Edit This Open April-October Mon-Sat 2-5pm, November-March Mon-Sat 9am-noon. This is the church where Rubens was buried, and his close relatives, when he died in 1640. type: Churches and Cathedrals World66 rating: [rate it] address: Lange Nieuwstraat St Pauluskerk Edit This Open May-September 2-5pm. This is a late Gothic church with some interesting carvings. type: Churches and Cathedrals World66 rating: [rate it] addres: Veemarkt Grote Markt Edit This Brabo on Grote Markt Brabo on Grote Markt photo by: Ezelhaar The heart of the City on the Scheldt beats at the 'Grote Markt', an irregularly-shaped square, surrounded by decorative guild houses dating from the 16th and 17th century. This square is home to the statue of Brabo. According to a 16th century legend his action (flinging a hand, or in Dutch 'Hand werpen') led to the city being given its name. The 15th century City Hall is a successful blend of the Flemish style and Italian Renaissance characteristics. Probably the best example of this blended architecture is the Stadhuis, the Town Hall built between 1561 and 1564. type: Squares World66 rating: [rate it] Cogels Osylei Edit This Houses in Waterloo str. Houses in Waterloo str. photo by: Ezelhaar Art nouveau street, unique architecture from around 1920. The street is located outside of the city centre, near the Berchem train station (where the international train Brussels-Amsterdam stops). There aren't any buildings you can go in, but it is great to stroll through the street and the side streets (Waterloo street, Transvaal street) where you will find many great buildings and villas. There are some nice bars and restaurants in the neighborhood too. type: Squares World66 rating: [rate it] address: Cogels Osylei zipcode: 2018 Stadhuis Edit This Located in Grote Markt , the Stadhuis is Antwerpen Town Hall. Built between 1561 and 1564 it is probably one of the best example of the blending of the Flemish and the Italian Architecture, which characterize most of the buildings in the historical city centre. type: Public Buildings World66 rating: [rate it] Botanical Garden Edit This Cafe in Botanical garden Cafe in Botanical garden photo by: Ezelhaar There is a small botanical garden with a greenhouse on Leopoldstreet. It is a great place to sit on the grass (it seems like that is allowed, not sure though). type: Synagogues World66 rating: [rate it] Antwerp Zoo Edit This Located right next door to the central station, this is a classic city zoo. Tigers, gorillas and elephants and much more. type: Parks, Gardens and Zoos World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.zooantwerpen.be address: next to station City Park Edit This City Park City Park photo by: Ezelhaar The triangular shaped city park is okay for a stroll. There is a high bridge over a small stream and there are some man made rock formations. Located in the diamond quarter near the station. type: Parks, Gardens and Zoos World66 rating: [rate it] ___________Getting Around Edit This The train station, or the 'Railway Cathedral', is connected with the rest of the city by tram, bus and metro. Tickets can be bought in advance or on the spot. However, a 24-hours pass can only be bought at the Diamant Underground Station (open Mon.-Frid. 8am-12:30pm & 1:30am-4pm) [see below]. The city centre is easily explored by foot. Most sights are between the Central Station and the Scheldt, with a high concentration of churches and cathedrals around the Grote Markt. The local bus operator, De Lijn http://www.delijn.be, offers extremely cheap tickets covering all of Flanders - a day ticket ('dagpas net') costs just EUR 5 (as at June 2005) and a week's travel ('7-dagenpas net) only EUR 10. According to the website, these tickets are sold by the (multi-lingual) ticket machines as well as by drivers and at DeLijn information offices. _____Events Edit This On the 15th of August, the annual Rubens Market takes place at the Grote Markt. On this public holiday, the market trader sell their wares in traditional Rubens-style clothing. In July and August, the city of Antwerp is full of events: performances, circus, (street)theatre, film,... All these events take place under the name "Zomer van Antwerpen" For more information, you can look at http://www.zomervanantwerpen.be/ (site in Dutch and French) _______Nightlife and Entertainment Edit This Antwerp has a sparkling nightlife. Besides numerous discos and bars with live music, it is also well known for its abundance of brown cafes. Drinking a 'Koninck' at the Groote Markt will make you feel like a King in Belgium- or at least for the time that your glass, a bolleke , is still full of Belgian beer. Most cafes open their doors around tenish. Especially at the 'Grote Markt' and the 'Handschoenmarkt', you should just sit down, relax and soak in the atmosphere. Live music, especially blues and jazz, is common sense at a lot of clubs. Check the local newspapers or flyers to see what's keeping the city awake at night. Contributors June 08, 2005 change by giorgio Display all or display just: Cafes Casinos Clubs Clubs and dancing Gay and Lesbian Theatre Show best rated on top | Show in alphabetical order [Add Entertainment place] Het Paeters Vaetje Edit This Small pub with little mezzanine floor. Like in every real Flemish pub you can get something surprisingly tasty to eat at any time. Furthermore, this cafe has over 15O kinds of beers! type: Cafes World66 rating: [rate it] address: Left from the cathedral tower openinghours: every day till morning Café de Muze Edit This Music bar with performances of local bands. Barton: Every night live Jazz bands. Cool!!! type: Clubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: Melkmarkt 15 Reve's Edit This The Reve's is the most famous stripclub in Antwerp, Belgium. The hottest dancers, the hottest dj's, the best music. type: Casinos World66 rating: [rate it] address: Anneessensstraat 21, Antwerp 2018 email: info@thereves.be openinghours: 24.00h - ... tel: +32 3 475 20 58 zipcode: http://www.thereves.be Bourlaschouwburg Edit This type: Theatre World66 rating: [rate it] address: Komedieplein 18 tel: 03.233.2376 Nanno sur L'o Edit This One of the most exclusive places in belgium . Located inside a ship that docks on the Schelde river in Antwep. Has a vip section which offers only bootles no solo glasses . its open evert thurs- fri- saturday every week from 12.00am untill .... dresscode buttoned shirt is a must no sneakers type: Clubs and dancing World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.nanno.be address: Diamond princess boat Het Oerwoud Edit This "Het Oerwoud" meaning The Jungle is a easy to find bar in the center of the city near the river "Schelde". Like most bars it is open untill the early morning hours. Many locals use it as a place to meet and start a long night out. The kitchen is open all night and the home made tomate soup is to die for! type: Cafes World66 rating: [rate it] address: Corner Suikerrui and Kaaien openinghours: noon till ... Swingcafé Edit This Jazz and blues. Closes its doors around midnight. type: Clubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: Suikerrui 13 Sloppy Store Edit This Good club when you feel like dancing. Open Thurs.-Sat. type: Clubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: Jan van Gentstraat 7 Café d'Anvers Edit This where Amsterdam and Brussels come to party... Cafe d Anvers is a classic! type: Clubs and dancing World66 rating: [rate it] address: Verversrui (red light district) url: www.cafedanvers.com Den Draak Edit This Gay and Lesbian cafe near Cogels Ocylei profits are going to community projects for gay integration. type: Gay and Lesbian World66 rating: [rate it] address: Draakplaats 1 Club Cabane Edit This An exclusive beach club in Antwerp... www.clubcabane.be type: Clubs and dancing World66 rating: [rate it] ________Museums Edit This There are many great museums in Antwerp. [Add Museum] Ethnografisch Museum (ethnographic museum) Edit This A museum, not far from the Grote Markt, which shows of with a very intresting collection of ethnic arts and historical information about the more primitive arts and objects from all over the world. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] address: Suikerrui 19 tel: 03.220.8600 Museum voor Schone Kunsten (Museum of Fine Arts) Edit This The Fine Arts Museum houses over a thousand works by painters from th old days, including the Flemish Primitives. In addition, you can enjoy over 1 500 more recent works. Naturally, this is where you will find the world's most beautiful and largest collection of the work of Antwerp's great master Rubens. type: Museum World66 rating: [rate it] address: Plaatsnijdersstraat 2 tel: 03.238.7809 Nationaal Scheepsvaart Museum (The National Maritime Museum) Edit This Scheepvaart Museum Scheepvaart Museum photo by: Ezelhaar It is housed in the 'Steen', the oldest building in Antwerp. An impressive range of ship's models and an open-air department with real ships, make this museum one of the most fascinating in the city -if the maritime business makes your heart beat faster. type: Museum World66 rating: [rate it] address: Steenplein 1 tel: 03.232.0850 Rubenshuis (Rubens Museum) Edit This Open:Tuesdays-Sundays 10am-4:45pm. You can see Rubens' work in many churches and museums. The Rubenhuis on the Wapper, where the painter lived and worked, still exudes the grandeur of the height of the Antwerp Baroque. In this museum, thanks to the furniture objects d'art and works from the master's private collection, you can relive Rubens' time. type: Museum World66 rating: [rate it] address: Wapper 9 Mayer van den Bergh Museum Edit This This museum is dedicated to fine and applied arts, particularly from the 14th to the 16th century. Besides pictures and sculptures, you will find a unique collection of tapestries an furniture. type: Museum World66 rating: [rate it] address: Lange Gasthuisstraat 19 tel: 03.232.4237 MUKHA -The Museum of Contemporary Art Edit This This museum has a collection of mainly Belgian art from the nineteen-seventies. type: Museum World66 rating: [rate it] address: Leuvensstraat 32 tel: 03.238.5960 Museum Plantin-Moretus Edit This Open Tuesdays-Sundays 10am-4:45pm. This was the house of the printer Christopher Plantin, the father-in-law of Mortus, who was a close friend of Rubens. The museum shows how the 16th century printing plant actually worked and how the Plantin family took care of their business. One can find a fine collection of bibles, prints and family portraits. These portraits were mostly made by the illustrator of the family, Rubens. type: Museum World66 rating: [rate it] Provinciaal Diamant Museum Edit This Open daily 10am-5pm, except on the 25th & 26th of December and the 1st and 2nd of January. The Provincial Diamond Museum lies in the heart of the Diamond District, the streets behind the Central Station. This part of the city is known as the 'Jerusalem of the North', because it has the largest settlement of Orthodox Jews in this part of Europe. In the Diamond Museum, you can learn about every facet of diamonds, which have made Antwerp the world centre of diamond cutting and trading. type: Museum World66 rating: [rate it] address: Lange Herentalsestraat 31-33 tel: 03.202.4890 Rockoxhuis Museum Edit This In the decorative Rockoxhuis, Ruben has a substantial presence, ogether with Jordaens, Matsys and Van Dyck. type: Museum World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.rockoxhuis.be _________Things to do Edit This As in most historic cities, just walking around en enjoying the views of the streets is a very rewarding activity. The Antwerp people often turn this habit around : they will sit outside on the terrace of a bar to have some drinks. This is called "een terraske doen" (doing a terrace). Meanwhile, they enjoy watching the people that pass by. The prime location for this is the Groenplaats, but you can practice it anywhere. Another good plan is to take a guided tour. If you want it to be something special, take a nighttime tour like the Antwerp GhostWalk tour. [Add Activity] Antwerp Ghostwalk Edit This Guided tour through the dark history of Antwerp. Antwerp Ghostwalk offers evening walks through the historical old town that focus on ghostly legends and thrilling stories. On the way you discover many special places that all have fascinating tales to tell. type: Other World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.ghostwalk.be email: info@ghostwalk.be |
| Questo articolo è rilasciato sotto i termini della
GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anversa Cronologia/Autori: http://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anversa&action=history AnversaDa Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.
Grote Markt di Anversa
Anversa (in olandese Antwerpen) è una città del Belgio.
[modifica] Storia
[modifica] AscesaSituata sulla riva destra della Schelda, a circa 90 km dal mare del Nord, Anversa doveva la propria importanza alla sua vantaggiosissima posizione geografica. Le prime notizie della città risalgono al 640, allorché San Amando per primo vi predicò e vi costruì una chiesa; sugli antichi insediamenti di pescatori, la città iniziò a svilupparsi soprattutto grazie all'opera di bonifica operata da alcuni Benedettini irlandesi, che durante il IX secolo vi costruirono una fortezza e decisero di stabilirvisi. Fu soprattutto nel XIII secolo, quando le venne riconosciuto il titolo di città, che Anversa cominciò ad essere visitata dai mercanti italiani, ed iniziò ad acquisire rinomanza come centro mercantile. Al principio del
XIV
secolo era già divenuta un importante centro di transito del traffico
commerciale tra la
Germania
e il mare del Nord, in concorrenza con
Brugge, che nei primi decenni del
XV
secolo fu nettamente superata. Il Guicciardini fa coincidere ciò che denomina "il secondo augumento de più notabili, che ha fatto questa città tanto grande, ricca e famosa" con l'influenza dei Portoghesi, che in seguito a "meravigliosa e stupenda navigazione […] cominciarono a condurre le spezierie e le drogherie d'India in Portogallo e poi di Portogallo condurle alle fiere in questa terra", togliendone così il monopolio ai veneziani che lo detenevano da tempo. Questo commercio, insiste Ludovico, "attrasse a poco a poco gli Alemanni" e "parecchie onorate case di Spagnoli". "Et così intorno all'anno MDXVI, seguitando l'un l'altro, tutti i mercanti forestieri, in Bruggia residenti, eccettuato parte degli Spagnoli, che là restarono, vennero con non minor danno di quella città, che profitto di questa, qua a dimorare!" Vista di Anversa Infatti verso la fine del
XV
secolo a causa di varie circostanze si colloca il declino di Brugge.
Ad esso corrispose un crescente sviluppo della prosperità di Anversa, "che
attirò da Bruggia […] quando manco l'aspettava e più insuperbiva" le più
importanti casate di banchieri "tutte famiglie di gran seguito, e di
grandissimo traffico" come i Welser e i Fugger. "Il terzo e fresco augumento" viene poi fatto
iniziare "dopo la passata di monsignore di Lungavalle e di Martino Van
Raffem", quando "si risuolarono prudentissimamente di fabbricare la
predetta muraglia". Ovvero nel
1542, anno
della costruzione delle nuove mura della città, e dell'assorbimento di
alcune importanti fiere e traffici commerciali: "di questa maniera in
breve tempo, è tanto aumentata e aggrandita questa città, che se tu ne
cavi Parigi, non troverai di qua dai monti terra più ricca". Difatti anche
in Anversa si svilupparono le fiere. "La fiera è baraonda" - dice Braudel
- "fracasso, musica popolare, festa, il mondo alla rovescia, disordine,
talvolta tumulto". Lo sviluppo di Anversa fu rapido, fra il
1505 e il
1545 i
proventi della sua dogana raddoppiarono. Nella città della Schelda si
ridistribuivano le spezie e il
sale del
Portogallo, si introducevano le drapperie inglesi per il finissaggio e la
tintura, ma anche i
vini di
Spagna e di Francia, lo zucchero dei Tropici, il legno svedese e l'allume
italiano. Castello "Het Steen" È tra il
1535 e il
1557 che si
può collocare il periodo più florido per lo sviluppo della città; quando
arrivano dalla Spagna in direzione del porto della Schelda, enormi
quantità di
argento e oro
americano. Tuttavia come ci spiega Braudel, i motivi dell'ascesa
della città, che in pochi anni riuscì a divenire la vera capitale dell'Atlantico,
sono i più svariati. Si trattò di un fenomeno complesso non riconducibile
né al semplice fatto che i maggior consumatori di spezie si trovavano nel
Nord, né al fatto che
Venezia
era ormai stata messa fuori gioco.
[modifica] DecadenzaAl periodo di ascesa iniziato durante i primi decenni
del Cinquecento e culminato tra il
1535 e il
1557, seguì
la crisi e l'inesorabile periodo di discesa. Già dall'inverno del
1564 le cose
avevano iniziato a peggiorare. Il clima era stato particolarmente rigido,
avanzava sempre più l'interramento della Schelda, e, proveniente dalla
Francia, aveva iniziato ad affermarsi tra le fila degli artigiani la
dottrina calvinista. La cattedrale di Anversa Governare i Paesi Bassi era una fortuna. Ne sapeva
qualcosa
Carlo V che pare ne ricavasse ogni anno risorse sette volte superiori
a quelle che ricavava dall'America; ma non era facile. Carlo vi era
riuscito rispettando la tradizione autonomista di quella regione. La rivolta ebbe inizio nel
1566, proprio
dagli strati popolari delle città dove il Calvinismo era penetrato
maggiormente: Anversa,
Brugge,
Tournai,
Gent, e
Ieper. Se la prosperità economica della città era stata sempre favorita da una tolleranza largamente praticata, disastrose furono le conseguenze della politica di Filippo II. Essa provocò infatti, l'inevitabile esodo di numerosi mercanti che in Anversa cominciavano a non sentirsi più al sicuro; Luis Alvares Caldeira scrisse a Simon Ruiz: "Las naciones se van saliendo daquì poco a poco para Colonia, y lo mismo haré yo en fin déste, si no oviera otra cosa de por medio que me lo impida". La partenza di questi mercanti, che erano il vero cuore pulsante per l'economia della città, e l'interruzione dei lavori che si erano iniziati sul fondo della Schelda per poter permettere anche alle navi più pesanti di raggiungere Anversa, provocarono l'inevitabile decadenza della città, che andò perdendo per sempre parte della sua influenza a livello europeo. Ma il vero dramma per la città sarà proprio la riconquista dopo un lungo assedio da parte di Alessandro Farnese, un avvenimento che, come ha scritto Pirenne, trasformò Anversa da piazza marittima a città "mediterranéenne".
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